Deep marine systems : processes, deposits, environments, tectonics and sedimentation / Kevin T. Pickering & Richard N. Hiscott ; with contribution from Thomas Heard.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Pickering, K. T. (Kevin T.), author.

Hiscott, Richard N., author.

Contributor:

Heard, Thomas, contributor.

Series:

Wiley Works

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Marine sediments.

Plate tectonics.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (1393 p.)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

West Sussex, England : Wiley : American Geophysical Union, 2016.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Deep-water (below wave base) processes, although generally hidden from view, shape the sedimentary record of more than 65% of the Earth's surface, including large parts of ancient mountain belts. This book aims to inform advanced-level undergraduate and postgraduate students, and professional Earth scientists with interests in physical oceanography and hydrocarbon exploration and production, about many of the important physical aspects of deep-water (mainly deep-marine) systems. The authors consider transport and deposition in the deep sea, trace-fossil assemblages, and facies stacking patterns as an archive of the underlying controls on deposit architecture (e.g., seismicity, climate change, autocyclicity). Topics include modern and ancient deep-water sedimentary environments, tectonic settings, and how basinal and extra-basinal processes generate the typical characteristics of basin slopes, submarine canyons, contourite mounds and drifts, submarine fans, basin floors and abyssal plains.

Contents:

Intro

Title Page

Copyright

Table of Contents

Preface

About the companion website

Part 1: Process and product

Chapter One: Physical and biological processes

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Shelf-edge processes

1.3 Deep, thermohaline, clear-water currents

1.4 Density currents and sediment gravity flows

1.5 Turbidity currents and turbidites

1.6 Concentrated density flows and their deposits

1.7 Inflated sandflows and their deposits

1.8 Cohesive flows and their deposits

1.9 Accumulation of biogenic skeletons and organic matter

1.10 Summary

Chapter Two: Sediments (facies)

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Facies classifications

2.3 Facies Class A: Gravels, muddy gravels, gravelly muds, pebbly sands, ≥5% gravel grade

2.4 Facies Class B: Sands, &gt

80% sand grade, &lt

5% pebble grade

2.5 Facies Class C: Sand-mud couplets and muddy sands, 20-80% sand grade, &lt

80% mud grade (mostly silt)

2.6 Facies Class D: Silts, silty muds, and silt-mud couplets, &gt

80% mud, ≥40% silt, 0-20% sand

2.7 Facies Class E: ≥95% mud grade, &lt

40% silt grade, &lt

5% sand and coarser grade, &lt

25% biogenics

2.8 Facies Class F: Chaotic deposits

2.9 Facies Class G: Biogenic oozes (&gt

75% biogenics), muddy oozes (50-75% biogenics), biogenic muds (25-50% biogenics) and chemogenic sediments, &lt

5% terrigenous sand and gravel

2.10 Injectites (clastic dykes and sills) (Figs 2.46-2.50)

2.11 Facies associations

Chapter Three: Deep-water ichnology

3.1 Introduction

3.2 General principles of ichnology

3.3 Colonisation of SGF deposits: Opportunistic and equilibrium ecology

3.4 Ichnofacies

3.5 Ichnofabrics

3.6 Trace fossils in core

3.7 Case study I: Trace fossils as diagnostic indicators of deep-marine environments, Middle Eocene Ainsa-Jaca basins, Spanish Pyrenees.

3.8 Case study II: Subsurface ichnological characterisation of the Middle Eocene Ainsa deep-marine system, Spanish Pyrenees

3.9 Summary of ichnology studies in deep-water systems

3.10 Concluding remarks

Chapter Four: Time-space integration

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Submarine fan growth phases and sequence stratigraphy

4.3 Tectono-thermal/glacio-eustatic controls at evolving passive continental margins

4.4 Eustatic sea-level changes at active plate margins

4.5 Changing relative base level and sediment delivery processes

4.6 Autocyclic processes

4.7 Palaeo-seismicity and the stratigraphic record

4.8 Deconvolving tectonic and climatic controls on depositional sequences in tectonically active basins: Case study from the Eocene, Spanish Pyrenees

4.9 Problems in determining controls on sediment delivery

4.10 Carbonate versus siliciclastic systems

4.11 Computer simulations of deep-water stratigraphy

4.12 Laboratory simulations of deep-water stratigraphy

4.13 Supercritical versus subcritical fans

4.14 Hierarchical classification of depositional units

4.15 Concluding comments

Chapter Five: Statistical properties of sediment gravity flow (SGF) deposits

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Cloridorme Formation, Middle Ordovician, Québec

5.3 Vertical trends

Part 2: Systems

Chapter Six: Sediment drifts and abyssal sediment waves

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Distribution and character of contourites and sediment drifts, North Atlantic Ocean

6.3 Facies of muddy and sandy contourites

6.4 Seismic facies of contourites

6.5 The debate concerning bottom-current reworking of sandy fan sediments

6.6 Ancient contourites

6.7 Facies model for sediment drifts

Chapter Seven: Submarine fans and related depositional systems: modern

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Major controls on submarine fans.

7.3 Submarine canyons

7.4 Architectural elements of submarine-fan systems

7.5 The distribution of architectural elements in modern submarine fans

7.6 Modern non-fan dispersal systems

7.7 Concluding remarks

Chapter Eight: Submarine fans and related depositional systems: ancient

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Ancient submarine canyons

8.3 Ancient submarine channels

8.4 Comparing modern and ancient channels

8.5 Ancient lobe, lobe-fringe, fan-fringe and distal basin-floor deposits

8.6 Seafloor topography and onlaps

8.7 Scours

8.8 Basin-floor sheet-like systems

8.9 Prodeltaic clastic ramps

8.10 Concluding remarks

Chapter Nine: Evolving and mature extensional systems

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Models for lithospheric extension

9.3 Subsidence and deep-water facies of rifts and young passive margins

9.4 The post-breakup architecture of passive margins

9.5 Failed rift systems

9.6 Fragments of ancient passive margins

9.7 Concluding remarks

Part 3: Plate tectonics and sedimentation

Chapter Ten: Subduction margins

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Modern subduction factories

10.3 Arc-arc collision zones

10.4 Forearc summary model

10.5 Marginal/backarc basins

10.6 Ancient convergent-margin systems

10.7 Forearc/backarc cycles

10.8 Concluding remarks

Chapter Eleven: Foreland basins

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Modern foreland basins

11.3 Ancient deep-marine foreland basins

11.4 Concluding remarks

Chapter Twelve: Strike-slip continental margin basins

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Kinematic models for strike-slip basins

12.3 Suspect terranes

12.4 Depositional models for strike-slip basins

12.5 Modern strike-slip mobile zones

12.6 Ancient deep-marine oblique-slip mobile zones

12.7 Concluding remarks

References

Index

End User License Agreement.

Notes:

"This work is a co-publication between the American Geophysical Union and Wiley"--Cover.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9781118865415

1118865413

9781118865422

1118865421

9781118865484

1118865480

OCLC:

908192785