Bioethanol : production, benefits and economics / Jason B. Erbaum, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Erbaum, Jason B.

Series:

Energy science, engineering and technology series.

Energy science, engineering and technology series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Alcohol as fuel.

Biomass energy.

Alcohol as fuel--Economic aspects.

Biomass energy--Economic aspects.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (213 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, Inc., c2009.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

The principle fuel used as a petrol substitute for road transport vehicles is bioethanol. Bioethanol fuel is mainly produced by the sugar fermentation process, although it can also be manufactured by the chemical process of reacting ethylene with steam. This volume collects the latest research in the field.

Contents:

Intro

BIOETHANOL: PRODUCTION, BENEFITS AND ECONOMICS

CONTENTS

PREFACE

Chapter 1 LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS PRETREATMENT FOR BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

OVERVIEW OF BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS

IMPACT OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE ON HYDROLYSIS

Cellulose Crystallinity

Specific Surface Area

Degree of Polymerization

Cellulose Protection by Lignin

Hemicellulose Sheathing

Degree of Hemicellulose Acetylation

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ON PRETREATMENT

PRETREATMENT PROCESSES

Physical Pretreatment

Chemical Pretreatment

Biological Pretreatment

Combination Pretreatment

CHARACTERISTICS OF PRETREATMENT PRODUCT STREAMS

CURRENT STATUS AND CHALLENGES

FUTURE RESEARCH

REFERENCES

Chapter 2 MEETING EU BIOETHANOL TARGETS THROUGH IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEAT GRAIN QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY IN EUROPE

INCREASING PRODUCTION

POTENTIAL TO INCREASE WHEAT ALCOHOL PRODUCTION WITHOUT ADDITIONAL CHANGES IN GRAIN COMPOSITION

INCREASING GRAIN YIELDS

Increasing Grain Yield - Western Europe

Increasing Grain Yields - Eastern Europe

INCREASING AREA OF LAND SOWN TO WHEAT

Increasing Area in Western Europe

Increasing Area in Eastern Europe

IMPROVEMENT OF WHEAT GRAIN AS A FEEDSTOCK FOR BIOETHANOL

Starch and Sugar Contents

Losses during Starch Conversion and Fermentation

Protein Content

OPPORTUNITIES FOR GREENHOUSE GAS SAVINGS FROM WHEAT BIOETHANOL

NITROGEN FERTILISER EFFECTS ON WHEAT

Nitrogen Use and Grain Yields in UK Wheat

Nitrogen Use and Grain Yields in East European Wheat

Alternative Cereals to Wheat for Bioethanol in Europe

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES.

Chapter 3 DEVELOPMENT OF EXTRACTIVE PROCESSES AND ROBUST MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION

NOMENCLATURE

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Vinasse Generation and Water Consumption in Fermentation Existing Processes

2. EXTRACTIVE PROCESSES FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION

2.1. Gas Stripping

2.2. Solvent Extraction

2.3. Pervaporation

2.4. Extractive Processes under Vacuum

3. REDUCTION OF OPERATIONAL COSTS BY ROBUST MODELING

3.1. Source of Variations in Fermentative Processes

3.2. Plackett-Burman (PB) Methodology for Screening of Kinetic Parameters for Re-Estimation Problem

3.3. Mathematical Modeling of an Extractive Process under Vacuum

Overall Mass Balance in Extractive Process

Chapter 4 EXTREMELY THERMOPHILIC ENZYMES: THEIR UTILIZATION IN AGRICULTURAL WASTE CONVERSION FOR BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Materials

Sugar Analysis of Raw BSG

BSG Pretreatment

Enzyme Cocktail Preparation and Enzyme Assays

Saccharification Process

Analysis of the Sugars Released

RESULTS

Chapter 5 BIOETHANOL FROM STARCH OR SUGAR: ENERGY SECURITY AND LIFE CYCLE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

2. WHY DO LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENTS OF TRANSPORT BIOFUEL LIFE CYCLES DISAGREE ABOUT GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND CUMULATIVE FOSSIL FUEL INPUTS?

3. PREFERRED WAYS FOR DOING LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT

4. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS OF FUEL ETHANOL AND CONVENTIONAL GASOLINE

5. CUMULATIVE FOSSIL FUEL DEMAND AND NET ENERGY YIELDS OF BIOETHANOL

6. DIVERGENCE BETWEEN CUMULATIVE FOSSIL FUEL DEMAND AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

Chapter 6 ANALYSIS OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF DISTILLATION OPTIONS TO OBTAIN HIGH-PURITY BIOETHANOL

ABSTRACT.

INTRODUCTION

PROBLEM STATEMENT

DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION PROCEDURES

COMPUTATIONAL FRAMEWORK

Chapter 7 METHANOL CONTENT IN BIODIESEL ESTIMATED BY FLASH POINT AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES

PREPARATION OF BIODIESEL SAMPLES

Characterization of Biodiesel According to International Standards

Preparation of Biodiesel Samples with Known Methanol Content

DETERMINATION OF FLASH POINT

MEASUREMENT OF PERMITTIVITY AND CONDUCTIVITY IN LIQUIDS

DETERMINATION OF THE TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF BIODIESEL

CORRELATION BETWEEN FLASH POINT AND METHANOL CONTENT IN BIODIESEL

PERMITTIVITY AND CONDUCTIVITY IN BIODIESEL CONTAINING METHANOL

Chapter 8 CORN ETHANOL ALLURE PLUMMETS

Chapter 9 BIOFUELS

A. BIOETHANOL

1. Introduction

2. State of the Science

2.1. Ethanol Biosynthesis: Overview

2.2. Feedstock Options

2.3. Cellulase Engineering

2.4. Fermentation Technologies

2.5. Coproduct Development

3. Research Priorities

4. Commercialization

4.1. Cellulases

4.2. Ethanol Plants

Chapter 10 ADVANCED BIOETHANOL TECHNOLOGY*

BIODIESEL

ETHANOL

Chapter 11 FUEL ETHANOL: BACKGROUND AND PUBLIC POLICY ISSUES∗

Ethanol and the Agricultural Economy

ETHANOL REFINING AND PRODUCTION

FUEL CONSUMPTION

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CELLULOSIC FEEDSTOCKS

COSTS AND BENEFITS OF FUEL ETHANOL

Economic Effects

Air Quality

Climate Change

Energy Security

POLICY CONCERNS AND CONGRESSIONAL ACTIVITY

Phase 2. Reformulated Gasoline

MTBE

Alcohol Fuel Tax Incentives[55]

INDEX

Blank Page.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-61668-000-8

OCLC:

834604202