Modular electricity storage : benefits and costs / Brent N. Mendell and Lisa P. Brunwick, editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Mendell, Brent N.

Brunwick, Lisa P.

Series:

Energy science, engineering and technology series.

Electrical engineering developments series.

Energy science, engineering and technology

Electrical engineering developments

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Energy storage.

Modularity (Engineering).

Physical Description:

1 online resource (123 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Hauppauge, N.Y. : Nova Science Publishers, c2012.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

An expanding array of state-of-the-art and emerging technologies are opening new opportunities to improve and/or to reduce the costs to generate, deliver and use electricity. One of these technologies is modular electricity storage (MES). In this book, the specific utility application addressed is the use of MES to reduce the cost of electricity delivery by reducing the cost of electricity transmission and distribution (T&D) equipment. Specifically, MES would be used to defer expensive improvements or capacity additions to T&D equipment by providing modular capacity additions as needed.

Contents:

Intro

MODULAR ELECTRICITY STORAGE: BENEFITS AND COSTS

Contents

Preface

Electric Utility Transmission and Distribution Upgrade Deferral Benefits from Modular Electricity Storage*

Notice

Abstract

Acknowledgment

Acronyms and Abbreviations

Executive Summary

1. Introduction

Modular Electricity Storage for T&amp

D Deferral, an Example

Utility Revenue Requirement for T&amp

D Equipment

Capital Plant Carrying Charges

Expenses

Annual Revenue Requirement

T&amp

D Avoided Cost

Single-Year Deferral Benefit

Multi-Year Deferral Benefit

MES Transportability

D Upgrade Marginal Cost

2. T&amp

D Deferral Financial Benefit

Introduction

Annual Deferral Benefit for MES

Multi-Year Deferral Benefit for MES

Diminishing Benefit for Multi-Year Deferrals

MES Redeployment

D Equipment Residual Value

D Annual Cost Among U.S. Electric Utilities

FERC Form 1 Data: Oak Ridge National Laboratories Report

Rate Assistance Program Report

Utility T&amp

D Deferral Cost Variability

The Range of T&amp

D Deferral Benefits

EPRI/PG&amp

E Distributed Utility Penetration Study (DUPS)

3. Deployment Situations for T&amp

D

Deferral Applications Introduction

Decision Criteria Summary

High T&amp

D Upgrade Cost

High Peak-to-Average Demand Ratio

Modest Projected Overload

Slow Load Growth

Uncertainty About Block Load Additions

Uncertainty About T&amp

D Construction Delays

Distribution Budget Optimization

Benefits Aggregation for Attractive Value Propositions

4. Storage Characteristics for T&amp

Deferral Introduction

Required Characteristics

Reliability

Power Quality

Wave Form

High Power Factor

Frequency Stability

Harmonics

Ramp Rate.

Charge Rate

Other Notable Characteristics

Roundtrip Efficiency

Operation and Maintenance Needs and Cost

Emergency or Short Duration Power Capability

Lifetime Charge-Discharge Cycles

Standby Losses

Energy and Power Density

Plant Footprint and Volume

Modularity

Transportability

Easily Deployable ("Plug and Play")

5. Storage Sizing for T&amp

D Deferral

Storage Power Output Requirements

Storage Discharge Duration Requirements

Diesel Generation for Storage Backup

6. Generalizing the Range of the T&amp

Deferral Benefit

7. Complementary Uses and Benefits

Introduction to Complementary Uses

Complementary Uses: General Considerations

Peak Demand Frequency

Power Rating

Stored Energy Limitation

MES Reliability

"Perfect" MES Capacity

Incremental Benefit/Cost Considerations

Myriad Institutional Challenges

Reactive Power Capability

Complementary Uses

Electric Energy Time-shift

Electric Supply Capacity

Electric Supply Reserve Capacity

Reduce Transmission Congestion

Transmission Support and Stability

Power Factor Correction

Voltage Support

On-Site Power Quality

Electricity Service Reliability

Retail Time-of-Use Energy Cost Reduction

Renewables Generation Firming

Renewable Energy Time-Shift

Demand Management

Seasonal Deployment for Locational Benefits

Increased Flexibility

Flexible Response to Uncertainty

Evaluating Real Options

Optimizing Risk-Adjusted Cost

8. Conclusions and Research Opportunities

R&amp

D Needs and Opportunities

Standard Practice: Establish Criteria and Identify Next Steps

Understanding Uncertainty and Risk

Case Studies

Enhanced Value Propositions: Best Prospect,

PV Firming, and Grid Stability

Terms Used in this Document

References

Appendix A. MES Transportability.

Example Details

Appendix B. Storage for T&amp

D Deferral -

Two Case Studies

Pacificorp Vanadium Redox Batteries

Situation

Solution

Service

Status

AEP Sodium/Sulfur Battery Situation

Appendix B. References

Appendix C. Reactance and Power Factor

End Notes

Benefit/Cost Framework for Evaluating Modular Energy Storage*

Acknowledgments

Conventions Used in this Report

Purpose

Scope

Intended Audience

Key Results and Conclusions

2. Methodology Description

Financial Assumptions

Present Worth Factor

3. Value Propositions

4. Storage Technology

Storage Options Evaluated

Storage Cost and Performance

5. Results: Benefit - Cost Comparisons

Value Proposition 1: Transportable MES for T&amp

Deferral and Power Quality

Benefit

Cost

Benefit/Cost Results

Value Proposition 2: Improving Power Quality/Reliability

Value Proposition 3: T&amp

D Deferral Plus Energy Price

Arbitrage and Central Generation Capacity Credit

Energy Price Arbitrage

Central Generation Capacity Credit

Combined Benefits

Value Proposition 4: Peak and Critical Peak Electricity Pricing

6. Conclusions and Recommendations

Summary Results

Conclusion

Index.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 108) and index.

Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher.

ISBN:

1-61470-533-X

OCLC:

829713450