Stem cell biology and regenerative medicine / editors, Charles Durand, Pierre Charbord.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Durand, Charles, editor.

Charbord, Pierre, editor.

Series:

River publishers series in research and business chronicles: biotechnology and medicine ; Volume 3.

River Publishers Series in Research and Business Chronicles: Biotechnology and Medicine ; Volume 3

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Stem cells.

Regenerative medicine.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (761 pages) : illustrations (some color), charts, tables.

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Aalborg, Denmark : River Publishers, 2015.

Summary:

The aim of this book is to provide an accurate knowledge on stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. This book will cover many topics in the field and is based on seminars given by recognized scientists involved the international master program on stem cell biology at the University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) in Paris.

Contents:

Cover

Half Title

Title Page

Copyright

Preface

Contents

Contributors

List of Figures

List of Tables

Part 1 - General Concepts

Chapter 1 - Stem Cell Concepts

Abstract

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Embryonic and Adult Stem Cells

1.2.1 Similarity and differences

1.2.2 Totipotent and pluripotent embryonic stem cells

1.2.3 Adult tissue stem cells

1.3 The Regulation of Stem Cells and the Stem Cell Niche

1.4 Models of Stem Cell Differentiation

1.5 Cell Therapy Using Stem Cells

1.6 Conclusion

References

Chapter 2 - Transcription Regulation in Stem Cells

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Reading and Understanding the Regulatory Genome

2.2.1 Chromatin Features of Enhancers

2.2.2 Transcription Factor Complexes

2.2.3 The Enhancer Landscape of Mammalian Genomes

2.3 Wiring of Regulatory Elements and Genes:The 3DGenome

2.3.1 Long-Range Transcriptional Regulation: ConnectingEnhancers to Genes by Chromatin Looping

2.3.2 Global-Scale Genome Organization: Loops within Loops

2.4 Functional Features of 3D Genome Organization

2.4.1 Stabilization and Selectivity of Chromatin Loopsare Controlled by Regulatory Factors

2.4.1.1 Structural factors: ctcf and cohesins

2.4.1.2 Transcription Factors

2.4.1.3 RNA polymerase II-associated complexes:the mediator complex

2.4.2 Long-Range Enhancer-Gene Interactions: More than JustPromoter Regulation

2.4.3 Global-scale Functional Organization andTrans-Interactions: Reinforcing Pluripotency

2.5 Dynamics of Genomic Architecture: A Key Featureof Regulatory Networks

2.5.1 Re-shaping The Regulatory Landscape or ExploitingPre-Existing Higher-Order Structure?

2.5.2 Transcription Factories and Transcription Dynamics

2.6 Long-range Interactions and Human Health

2.7 General Conclusion

References.

Chapter 3 - Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaksin Adult Stem Cells

3.1 DNA Damage and Repair Mechanisms

3.1.1 Homologous Recombination and Related RepairMechanisms

3.1.2 Classical and Alternative Non-Homologous End-Joining

3.2 Cell Response to DSBs

3.3 Stem Cells Resistance to Genotoxic Stress

3.4 Efficiency and Mechanisms of DSB Repairin Adult Stem Cells

3.4.1 Cells in the Epithelial Tissue: Epidermal, Mammary,and Intestinal Stem Cells

3.4.2 Cells in the Connective Tissue: Hematopoieticand Mesenchymal Stem Cells

3.4.3 Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells

3.4.4 Neural Stem Cells

3.4.5 Germinal Stem Cells

3.5 Other Responses to DNA Damage

3.5.1 Apoptosis

3.5.2 Senescence

3.5.3 Differentiation

3.6 Conclusions and Perspectives

Chapter 4 - Stem Cells and EpigeneticRegulation

4.1 An Introduction to Epigenetics

4.2 A Brief Overview of Epigenetic Mechanisms

4.3 Embryonic Stem Cells and Somatic Stem Cells

4.4 DNA Methylation

4.5 Histone Modifications

4.6 Non-Coding RNA

4.7 Nuclear Architecture

4.8 Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgments

Chapter 5 - Hydra and the Evolution ofStem Cells

5.1 The "Mystery" of Hydra 's Life Cycle: An ImmortalOrganism with Three Eternal Stem Cell Lineages

5.2 Revisiting Stem Cells in Hydra with EmergingMethodologies

5.3 Transcriptome-Wide Expression Analysis Points toFunctional Cross Talk between Cells of the ThreeStem Cell Lineages

5.4 Taxonomically Restricted Genes (TRGs) HaveTheir Saying

5.5 Stem Cells in Hydra are Controlled by Both Conservedand Non-Conserved Transcription Factors

5.6 Decision Making in Hydra Stem Cells: Rolesof Wnt and FoxO

5.7 Stem Cells and Immunity

5.8 Evolutionary Considerations.

5.9 Future Prospects in Stem Cell Biology: How Do StemCells Respond to External Signals and MetabolicState?

Chapter 6 - Ontogeny of Stem Cells

6.1 Introduction

6.1.1 Stem Cells

Problems and Definitions

6.1.2 Totipotent Stem Cells

6.1.3 Pluripotent Stem Cells

6.1.4 The Loss of Pluripotency and the First Commitment Events

6.1.5 Multipotent, Oligopotent and Unipotent Stem Cells

6.1.6 Ontogeny of Stems Cells: A Few Examples

6.1.7 Neural Crest Cells and Stem Cells

6.1.7.1 NC specification

6.1.7.2 Clonal analysis of the NC population

6.1.7.3 Organ-resident NC-derived stem cells

6.1.8 Construction of the Aorta and Control of AorticHaematopoiesis

6.1.8.1 Hemogenic vs non-hemogenic endothelium

6.1.8.2 Somites and their role(s) in aortic maturation

6.1.8.3 The Sub-aortic mesenchyme triggers the onset of aortichaematopoiesis

6.2 Conclusion

Chapter 7 - Regeneration in Anamniotic Vertebrates

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Limb Regeneration in Amphibians

7.2.1 Launching Regeneration viaWounding

7.2.2 Role of the Nerves in Inducing Blastema

7.2.3 Role of Positional Discontinuity in Blastema Maintenance

7.3 Cellular Sources and Differentiation Potentialof Blastema Cells

7.3.1 Dedifferentiation Versus Stem Cell Activation - SkeletalMuscle in Salamanders

7.3.2 Regeneration via Alternative Sources of Progenitors -Zebrafish Fin Bone

7.4 Specification and Re-specification of PositionalInformation

7.5 Frogs - Regenerative Capacity Dependson Developmental Stage

7.6 Other Examples of Regeneration

7.6.1 Heart Regeneration

7.6.2 Lens Regeneration in Amphibians via Transdifferentiation

7.7 Conclusion

Chapter 8 - Computational Models of Spatio-temporalStem Cell Organization

Abstract.

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Chapter 1: Concepts of Stem Cell Organization

8.3 Chapter 2: Extrinsic Stem Cell Regulation:The Intestinal Epithelium

8.4 Chapter 3: Intrinsic Stem Cell Regulation:Mesenchymal Stem Cells

8.5 Conclusions and Outlook

8.6 Acknowledgements

Part 2 - Pluripotent Stem Cells

Chapter 9 - X Chromosome Inactivation in Stem Cellsand Development

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Dosage Compensation inWorms, Flies and Birds

9.3 Dosage Compensation by X Chromosome Inactivation

9.4 Stem Cells as a Model for XCI

9.5 The X Inactivation Center

9.6 Models for XCI Initiation

9.7 Trans-acting Factors in XCI

9.8 Chromosome-Wide Silencing of the X Chromosome

9.9 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Model for XChromosome Reactivation

9.9.1 X Chromosome Reactivation in Embryonic Development

9.10 In Vitro X Chromosome Reactivation: Somatic CellsReprogramming

9.11 Conclusions

Chapter 10 - The Molecular Machinery of Somatic CellReprogramming

Summary

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Timeline of the Main Events During Reprogramming

10.2.1 The Stochastic Early Phase of Somatic CellReprogramming

10.2.1.1 Early epigenetic events involved in reprogramming

10.2.1.2 Early transcriptional changes

10.2.1.3 Metabolic switch

10.2.1.4 Transgene independence

10.2.2 The Deterministic Late Phase Of Somatic CellReprogramming

10.2.2.1 Intermediate events

10.2.2.2 Telomere elongation

10.2.2.3 A second wave of epigenetic modifications

10.2.2.4 DNA methylation

10.2.2.5 X chromosome reactivation

10.3 Signaling Pathways Changes Associated withSomatic Cell Reprogramming

10.4 Latest Developments

10.4.1 Reprogramming Systems for Improved Efficiency andQuality of iPSCs

10.4.2 Reprogramming Towards a Naive State Using OnlyChemical Compounds.

10.4.3 Reprogramming by Stress

10.5 Conclusions and Challenges for Future ClinicalApplications of iPSCs

Chapter 11 - Modeling Human Genetic Disorders UsingInduced Pluripotent Stem Cells

11.1 Choice of the disease to model into a Petri Dish

11.2 Selection of the Cell Type to Reprogram

11.3 Derivation and Characterization of iPSCs

11.4 Differentiation into the Relevant Cell Type

11.5 Characterization of The Disease Phenotype

11.6 Conclusive Remarks

Part 3 - Adult Stem Cells

Chapter 12 - Developmental Biology of HematopoieticStem Cells: Cellular Aspects

12.1 Introduction

12.2 The Hemangioblast Concept and the Yolk Sac Blood Islands

12.3 The Yolk Sac, Placenta and Embryo Proper Can De Novo Generate Hematopoietic Progenitors

12.4 HSCs are First Detected in the Aorta, Vitelline and Umbilical Arteries

12.5 The Hemogenic Endothelium is at the Origin of All HSCs

12.6 HSC Maturation, Expansion and Colonization

12.7Conclusion

Chapter 13 - Developmental Biology of Haematopoietic Stem Cells: Cell Intrinsic and Extrinsic Regulators of Their Emergence

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Shifting Sites

13.3 Cell Intrinsic Factors

13.3.1 Runx1

13.3.2 Gata2

13.3.3 Scl

13.3.4 Mll

13.4 The Micro environment

13.4.1 Cell Types

13.4.2 Endothelial Cells

13.4.3 Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells

13.4.4 Signals from the Developing Gut

13.4.5 Sympathetic Nervous System

13.4.6 Dlk1-Expressing Cells

13.4.7 Other Soluble Extrinsic Factors

13.4.8 Blood Flow

13.4.9 Hypoxia

13.5 Conclusion

Chapter 14 - Biology of Hematopoietic StemCells in the Adult

14.1 Definition, Concepts, History

14.2 Characterization of HSC

14.2. 1 II-A Phenotypic Analysis

14.2.1.2 Human HSC.

14.2.2 Functional Assays.

Notes:

Includes index.

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-00-333960-3

1-000-79272-2

1-003-33960-3

87-93237-08-1

9781003339601

OCLC:

957125787