Lightning : properties, formation and types / Matthew D. Wood, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Wood, Matthew D.

Series:

Earth Sciences in the 21st Century

Earth sciences in the 21st century

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Lightning.

Atmospheric electricity.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (217 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Hauppauge, NY : Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Lightning balls are very rare natural phenomena that appear as free floating glowing globs, usually during electric activity in the atmosphere of the Earth. This book discusses extraterrestrial lightning detected so far on the planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Venus, which are attributed to intracloud lightning.

Contents:

Intro

LIGHTNING PROPERTIES, FORMATION AND TYPES

CONTENTS

PREFACE

Chapter 1 DYNAMICAL SELF-ORGANIZATION ACTING AS PHYSICAL BASIS OF THE BALL LIGHTNING PHENOMENON

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTS WITH RELEVANCE FOR THE BALL LIGHTNING

CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF THE BALL LIGHTING

EXPLANATION OF BALL LIGHTNING CHARACTERISTICS

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 2 EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIGHTNING AND ITS PAST AND FUTURE INVESTIGATION

ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION

2. TYPES OF EXTRATERRESTRIAL ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES

2.1. Lightning

2.2. Transient Luminous Events

2.3. Lightning in Dust and Volcanic Plumes

3. LIGHTNING DETECTION ON THE JOVIAN PLANETS

3.1. Jupiter

3.2. Saturn

3.3. Uranus and Neptune

4. THE CONTROVERSIAL CASE OF VENUS LIGHTNING

4.1. Electromagnetic Detection of Lightning-Related Signals

4.1.1. The Venera missions

4.1.2. Pioneer Venus Orbiter (PVO)

4.1.3. Venus Express

4.1.4. The Galileo and Cassini fly-bys

4.2. Detection of Optical Signals

5. AN EPISTOMOLOGICAL POINT OF VIEW ON THE PROBLEM

6. PAST AND FUTURE INVESTIGATION OF TERRESTRIAL AND EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIGHTNING

6.1. Investigation of Terrestrial Lightning from Space

6.2. Future Missions and the Dual-Phenomenology Approach for Extraterrestrial Lightning Investigations

6.3. Laboratory Simulations

6.4. Ground-Based Radio Observations

6.5. Summary of Current and Future Space Mission for Lightning Investigation

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Chapter 3 RECENT STUDIES OF SCHUMANN RESONANCE AND ELF TRANSIENTS

2. EFFECTS CONNECTED WITH THE NON-UNIFORMITIES IN THE LOWER IONOSPHERE

2.1. Seismic Effects in the SR Band

2.2. Formal Proofs of the Detection of the SR Line Splitting

2.3. The Impact of Solar Proton Events.

2.4. The Impact of Extra-Solar Gamma Ray Busts

3. SR AND GLOBAL TEMPERATURE

3.1. The North-South Migration of Thunderstorm Activity

3.2. SR Intensity and Land Temperature

3.2.1. Hungarian global thermometer

3.2.2. Japanese global thermometer

4. NEW SUBJECTS FOR SR STUDIES

4.1. SR on Other Planets: TITAN (Cassini Mission / Huygens Probe)

4.2. New SR Observatory at Spitzbergen

4.3. Sprites and ELF Transients

4.4. Biological Effects of SRs

5. NEW RESULTS IN THE OLD PROBLEMS

5.1. The Solution of Inverse SR Problem

5.2. 'Terminator Effect'

5.3. The Location of Q-Bursts and the Relevant Accuracy

5.4. A Comparison of Waveforms of Q-Bursts (Observation versus Theory)

5.5. Parameters of Thunderstorms Inferred from the OTD Data

6. CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Chapter 4 EDUCATIONAL COMPUTER SIMULATIONS OF LIGHTNING AND ASSOCIATED THUNDERS

1.1. Historical Background

1.2. The Lightning Mechanism

1.3. The Sound of a Thunder

1.4. Educational Aspect of the Present Work

2. THE SIMULATION MODEL

3. COMPUTER AND PROGRAMMING TOOLS

4. RESULTS

5. CONCLUSION

Chapter5LIGHTNINGINPROTOPLANETARYDISKS

1.Introduction

1.1.ProtoplanetaryDisks

1.2.ProblemsofPlanetFormationTheory

1.3.ElectromagneticProcessesinProtoplanetaryDisks

2.DustChargeduetoPlasmaAbsorption

3.DustChargeduetoCollisionofIceDust

3.1.EarlierStudiesonDiskLightning

3.2.IntroductiontotheModelandtheTwoQuestions

3.3.TheDiskModel

3.4.ChargeExchangeEquations

3.5.FluffyDustModel

3.6.CollisionalCrossSectionandContactSurfaceofChargedFluffyDust

3.7.ChargeSeparationProcesses

3.7.1.SurfaceChargeExchangeI-LargerDustIsAnionic

3.7.2.SurfaceChargeExchangeII-LargerDustIsCationic

3.8.RelativeVelocity

3.9.TheChargeEquilibriumEquations.

3.10.Results-FourPhasesofChargeSeparation

3.10.1.Ion-electronPlasmaPhase

3.10.2.Ion-dustPlasmaPhase

3.10.3.Charge-upPhase

3.10.4.DustPhase

3.11.ConclusionoftheSection-PlasmawithCharge-SeparatingIceDust

4.ProtoplanetaryDiskLightning

4.1.CriticalDustNumberDensityforLightning

4.2.NumericalSimulationsforUniform-boxLightningEstimation

4.3.AnalyticFormulaeforLightningConditions

4.3.1.AnalyticFormulaeforCharge-upPhase/DustPhaseBoundary

4.3.2.AnalyticFormulaforIcritinDustPhase

4.3.3.AnalyticFormulaforIcritinCharge-upPhase

4.3.4.TheCombinedAnalyticFormulaforIcrit

4.4.ConclusionoftheSection-Uniform-boxModelforProtoplanetaryDiskLightning

5.ResistiveMagnetohydrodynamicSimulation-TowardstheMorphologyofDiskLightning

5.1.TheTwo-dimensionalModelforDiskLightning

5.2.TheSimulationResult

6.PossibleObservations

6.1.EnergeticsandDirectObservations

6.1.1.AstronomicallyLowFrequency(ALF)Waves

6.1.2.Infrared(IR)Observations

6.1.3.Ultraviolet(UV)Observations

6.1.4.HighEnergyGammaRays

6.2.ImplicationonChondruleFormations

6.3.LimitationstotheObservations

7.Conclusion

References

Chapter 6 BALL LIGHTNING AS AN OPTICAL INCOHERENT SPACE SPHERICAL SOLITON*

BEHAVIOR OF OPTICAL INCOHERENT SPACE SPHERICAL SOLITONS IN THE ATMOSPHERE

Abstract

HOW A SOLITON FINDS HOLES, SPLITS, CHIMNEYS TO PENETRATE

HOW SOLITON PENETRATES A ROOM THROUGH A SMALL SPLIT

HOW SOLITON PENETRATES A ROOM THROUGH GLASS WINDOW PANES

OTHER PUZZLES OF SOLITON MOTION

SPEED OF SOLITON MOTION

HOW A SOLITON CATCHES FLYING AIRPLANES

SOLITON BEHAVIOR NEAR METALLIC OBJECTS

LARGE SOLITON AND FLYING SAUCERS ARE THE SAME

WHY DIRECTIONS OF WIND AND SOLITON MOTION CAN BE DIFFERENT

WHY THE SOLITON SEEMS COLD

WHY SOLITON HISSES AND CAUSES RADIO INTERFERENCES.

WHY THE SOLITON MAY BE VARIOUSLY COLORED

SOLITON DISAPPEARANCE

PROTECTION AGAINST BALL LIGHTS

CONCLUSION

SPACE SPHERICAL SOLITONS AND NATURAL RADIOACTIVE DECAY

INTERACTION OF A SET OF IDENTICAL OSCILLATORS IN A FORM OF THE SELF-CONFINED WAVE FUNCTION

THE EXPERIMENTAL DATA ABOUT A CHANGE OF SPEED OF RADIOACTIVE DECAY WITH A CHANGE OF EXTERNAL CONDITIONS

THEORETICAL PRECONDITIONS FOR INCREASING SPEED OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVE DECAY

Interaction of two Interconnected Oscillators

Interaction of a Set of Oscillators

Effect of Repeated Long Interaction

THE ANALYSIS OF THE PHYSICAL CONDITIONS IN EXPERIMENTS ACCOMPANIED BY NUCLEAR CONVERSIONS

POSSIBLE TYPES OF NUCLEAR DECAYS

Chapter 7 AN OVERVIEW OF CLOUD-TO-GROUND LIGHTNING RESEARCH IN BRAZIL IN THE LAST TWO DECADES*

1. BRIEF HISTORY

2. LIGHTNING CHARACTERISTICS

2.1. Density

2.2. Polarity

2.3. Peak Current

2.4. Multiplicity

INDEX

Blank Page.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record; title from PDF title page, viewed (07/10/2020).

ISBN:

1-61122-674-0

OCLC:

759213454