Methylmercury : formation, sources, and health effects / Andrew P. Clampet, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Clampet, Andrew P.

Series:

Environmental science, engineering and technology series.

Environmental health (Nova Science Publishers)

Environmental science, engineering and technology

Environmental health-- physical, chemical and biological factors

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Methylmercury--Environmental aspects.

Methylmercury.

Methylmercury--Toxicology.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (217 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, c2011.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Methylmercury (MeHg) is considered a major environmental pollutant that bioaccumulates in fish tissues in direct relation to their age and predatory status. This title presents research from across the globe in the study of methymercury, including the role of selenium in mitigating mercury toxicity.

Contents:

Intro

METHYLMERCURY FORMATION, SOURCES AND HEALTH EFFECTS

CONTENTS

PREFACE

Chapter 1 THE ROLE OF SELENIUM IN MITIGATING MERCURY TOXICITY

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

MERCURY BIOGEOCHEMISTRY AND HUMAN EXPOSURES

SELENIUM NUTRITION AND PHYSIOLOGY

MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MERCURY-SELENIUM INTERACTIONS

Silencing of Selenium (SOS-1)

Sequestration of Selenium (SOS-2)

SOS-1 and SOS-2 Induced Generation of Apoptosis Initiators

PROTECTIVE ROLE OF DIETARY SELENIUM AGAINST MERCURY TOXICITY

FISH CONSUMPTION ADVISORIES

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 2 FISH AS A DIETARY SOURCE OF MERCURY AND METHYLMERCURY, RISKS AND BENEFITS

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MERCURY

INORGANIC FORMS OF MERCURY

ORGANIC FORMS OF MERCURY

SOURCES OF MERCURY IN THE ENVIRONMENT

NATURAL SOURCES

ANTHROPOGENIC RELEASES FROM THE MOBILIZATION OF MERCURY IMPURITIES IN MATERIALS

ANTHROPOGENIC RELEASES FROM MERCURY USED IN PRODUCTS AND PROCESSES

EMISSION OF MERCURY TO THE AIR

EMISSION OF MERCURY TO THE WATER

EMISSION OF MERCURY TO THE SOIL

RE-MOBILIZATION OF HISTORIC ANTHROPOGENIC MERCURY

GLOBAL CYCLING, TRANSPORT AND FATE OF MERCURY IN THE ENVIRONMENT

MERCURY SPECIES AND TRANSFORMATION IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT

POTENTIAL SOURCES OF EXPOSURE AND OCCURRENCE OF MERCURY IN HUMAN TISSUES

RISKS AND BENEFITS OF EATING FISH

FISH CONSUMPTION LIMITS

TOXICITY OF MERCURY AND METHYLMERCURY

Pharmacokinetics Effects

ACUTE TOXICITY

CHRONIC TOXICITY

DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY

MUTAGENICITY, NEUROTOXICITY AND CYTOTOXICITY

DISTRIBUTION OF MERCURY IN FISH SAMPLES

HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT

REFERENCES.

Chapter 3 INEXPENSIVE LOW-COST MERCURY SPECIATION BY HYDRIDE GENERATION ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY AFTER ION EXCHANGE SEPARATION IN A FIA SYSTEM (FIA-IE-HG-AAS)

1. INTRODUCTION

2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

2.1. Safety Considerations

2.2. Reagents

2.3. Instrumentation

2.4. Analytical Procedure

Retention and Elution Experiments in Batch Mode

Analysis of Total Mercury by FIA-HG-QFAAS

Analysis of CH3Hg+ and Hg2+ by FIA-IE-HG-QFAAS

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1. Optimisation of the FIA-HG-QFAAS Measuring System

3.2. Experiments in Batch Mode with the Dowex M-41 Resin

3.3. Experiments On-Line: Optimization of the FIA-IE-HG-QFAAS System for Mercury Speciation

Preliminary Experiments

Selection of the Best Microcolumn Geometry

Selection of the Best Elution Conditions

3.4. Analytical Figures of Merit

3.5. Applicability of the Method: Analysis of Real Samples Doped with the Analytes

Chapter 4 CATHEPSIN-DEPENDENT NEURONAL DEATH PATHWAYS INDUCED BY METHYLMERCURY

CATHEPSIN B IN NEURONAL DEATH

CATHEPSIN B IN METHYLMERCURY-INDUCED NEURONAL DEATH

INVOLVEMENT OF MICROGLIAL CATHEPSIN B IN PROCESSING OF INTERLEUKIN-1β

CATHEPSIN D IN NEURONAL DEATH

CATHEPSIN D IN METHYLMERCURY-INDUCED NEURONAL DEATH

Chapter 5 NOT ONLY CONCENTRATIONS MATTER: SOME PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF IN VITRO MEHG TOXICITY STUDIES

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS

Effects of Cell Density on Apparent Cytotoxicity

Effects of Medium Volumn on Apparent Cytotoxicity

Temporal "Commitment Point" of Cell Death

Kinetics of Toxicity by a Cytotoxic Agent

Commitment Point: A Proposed Experimental Application

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

REFERENCES

Chapter 6 METHYLMERCURY AND TOTAL MERCURY CONTAMINATION IN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM OF HG-MINING RIVER IN GUIZHOU, CHINA

Sampling Site and Sample Collection

Trophic Levels (TLs) Calculation

Chemical Analysis

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Trophic Levels of Organisms from Xiaxi River

Mercury Concentration and Speciation in Sediment

Mercury Speciation in Biota

Chapter 7 MERCURY METHYLATION VERSUS DEMETHYLATION: MAIN PROCESSES INVOLVED

1.1. Organomercury Compounds

2. MERCURY METHYLATION/DEMETHYLATION PROCESSES

2.1. Mercury Methylation Processes

2.1.1. Chemical Methylation - Abiotic Processes

2.1.2. Biotic Processes

i. Environmental Factors that Affect Mercury Biotic Methylation

2.2. Mercury Demethylation Processes

2.2.1. Chemical Demethylation - Abiotic Processes

2.2.2. Biotic Processes

i. Reductive Methylmercury Degradation

ii. Organization of the Mer Operon

iii. Oxidative Methylmercury Demethylation

iv. Environmental Factors that Affect Mercury Biotic Demethylation

3. CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 8 MEHG-EXPOSURE THROUGH SEAFOOD CONSUMPTION: CHOLINERGIC MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR AS A TARGET OF TOXICITY AND POTENTIAL BIOMARKER OF CNS EFFECTS

AIM AND EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES

MAIN FINDINGS

In Vivo Studies

In Vitro Studies on Brain and Lymphocyte MRs

INDEX

Blank Page.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher.

ISBN:

1-61122-217-6

OCLC:

742350556