Antennas designs for NFC devices / Dominique Paret.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Paret, Dominique, author.

Series:

Waves series.

Waves Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Near-field communication.

Near-field communication--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (345 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

London, England ; Hoboken, New Jersey : ISTE : Wiley, 2016.

Summary:

Near-field communication (NFC) enables the exchange of information between close devices. The antenna is the indispensable element to transform an electronic device into an NFC system. For both theory and practice, this book presents in detail the design technologies of different antennas. They must meet the NFC ISO 18 092 and 21 481 standards as well as specifications by the NFC Forum for industrial applications, by EMVCo for banking applications and payments, and by CEN for public transport. In a particularly pedagogic way, Antenna Designs for NFC Devices enables designers of communicating object systems and the Internet of Things (IoT) to have access to the mysteries of the design of NFC antennas.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Contents

Acknowledgments

Preface

Why this book?

For whom?

Warning

Introduction

PART 1: Context

Introduction to Part 1

Chapter 1: Recap of the Constraints Governing the Design of Antennas for an NFC Device

1.1. Normative constraints

1.1.1. Uplink from initiator to targets

1.1.2. Downlink from targets to initiator

1.1.2.1. "Passive" targets

1.1.2.2. "Active" targets

1.1.2.3. Load modulation

1.1.2.4. Retro-modulation voltage

1.1.2.5. Retro-modulation voltage in PLM

1.1.3. "Contactless" standards versus NFC device antennas

1.1.4. Technologies

1.1.4.1. NFC-A technology

1.1.4.2. NFC-B technology

1.1.4.3. NFC-F technology

1.1.5. "NFC Forum Devices" and "NFC Forum Tags"

1.1.5.1. NFC device

1.1.5.2. NFC Forum Devices

1.1.5.3. NFC Forum Tags

1.1.6. Modes of communication of an NFC Forum Device

1.1.6.1. Passive communication mode

1.1.6.2. Active communication mode

1.1.7. Role of an NFC Forum Device

1.1.7.1. Initiator

1.1.7.2. Reader/writer

1.1.7.3. Target

1.1.7.4. Card emulator

1.1.8. Beware of false advertising

1.2. Regulatory constraints

1.2.1. RF regulations

1.3. Constraints on the NFC market

1.4. Typological constraints of NFC

1.4.1. Application consequences and their direct constraints

1.5. Applicational constraints on antenna design

Chapter 2: Introduction to and Recap of the Principles Employed in NFC

2.1. The physical fundaments of "contactless" and NFC

2.1.1. Phenomenon of propagation and radiation

2.1.2. Classification of fields and spatial regions

2.1.3. Spatial regions

2.1.4. Far field: r &gt

&gt

λ/2π (Fraunhofer zone)

2.1.5. Intermediary field: r approximately equal to λ (Fresnel zone)

2.1.6. Near field: r &lt

&lt.

λ/2π (Rayleigh zone) … and by essence, the origin of the "NF - Near Field", and hence NFC

2.1.7. Remarks on contactless, RFID and NFC application

2.2. The concept of NFC

2.2.1. Biot-Savart law

2.2.2. Field H at a point on the axis of a circular antenna

2.2.3. Decrease in the field H as a function of "d"

2.2.4. Field H at a point on the axis of a rectangular antenna

PART 2: Methods and Designs for NFC Device Antennas

Introduction to Part 2

Chapter 3: "Initiator" Antennas: Detailed Calculations

3.1. Introduction

3.1.1. There are initiators … and there are initiators

3.2. Design of an initiator antenna (without influence from the outside environment)

3.2.1. Operating mode

3.2.2. Instructive recap

3.2.2.1. Conditions of power matching of a source/generator

3.2.2.1.1. Case where the internal impedance and the load are pure resistances

3.2.2.2. A little stronger

3.2.2.3. Ever stronger

3.2.2.3.1. What is the value of the current in the circuit? Good question

3.2.2.3.2. What about the output voltage from the integrated circuit?

3.2.2.3.3. What about the voltage at the terminals of the L, C circuit?

3.2.3. Choice of integrated circuit

3.2.3.1. "Single-ended" output

3.2.3.2. "Differential mode" output

3.2.3.3. Conclusions

3.2.4. Legislational constraining aspects and EMC pollution

3.2.5. EMC filtering

3.2.5.1. Filtering circuit

3.2.5.2. Tuning frequency of the filter

3.2.5.3. Condition for transferring maximum watt power to a load Rp

3.2.5.3.1. Calculation of the impedance "Z_in_filter"

3.2.5.3.2. Example of simulation of the filtering LC circuit on its own(R_ic_out = 12.5Ω - single-ended)

3.2.5.4. Current circulating in the resistance Rp

3.2.5.5. Power dissipated into the resistance Rp.

3.2.5.5.1. Overall summary for the "EMC filter" circuit

3.2.6. Choice of target used and incidence of its H_threshold

3.2.6.1. Estimation of the field H which needs to be produced by the initiator antenna

3.2.6.2. Example of application for a specific target

3.2.7. Determining the inductance value of the initiator antenna

3.2.7.1. Value of maximum current in the initiator antenna

3.2.7.2. In conclusion

3.2.7.3. Constraints imposed on antenna design

3.2.8. Simple antenna

3.2.8.1. Flat circular coil

3.2.8.2. Flat rectangular coil

3.2.8.3. A few remarks on the content of the table

3.2.9. Matching circuit for the impedance of the antenna

3.2.9.1. Determination of the impedance-matching capacitance bridge

3.2.9.2. Calculating the matching elements of the antenna

3.2.10. Calculating the current in the antenna coil of the initiator

3.2.11. Summary and examples

3.2.11.1. Application without an EMC filter

3.2.11.2. Example of application with an EMC filter and R_in =12.5 ohms

3.2.12. Simulations

3.2.12.1. Application with an EMC filter

3.2.12.2. Final example of simulation with second filtering LC circuit

3.2.13. Value of the field H radiated by the antenna

3.2.14. Calculation and value of the working distance

3.3. Maximum quality coefficient Q of the initiator antenna

3.3.1. Q and cutoff of the field

3.3.2. Decrease in the ISO field

3.3.3. Measuring Q in the application

3.3.4. Measurement of the bandwidth in the application

3.4. Brief handbook on the process of designing an antenna initiator

Chapter 4: Examples of Applications of Initiator Antennas

4.1. Large antennas

4.1.1. Communication with a mono-NFC device in "card emulation - battery-assisted" mode

4.1.2. Communication multi-NFC devices in "tag batteryless" mode

4.2. Large antenna in mono-device.

4.2.1. Mechanical formats of the NFC device targets

4.2.2. "Form factors" and sizes of antennas of the targets

4.2.3. Application distances required for operation

4.2.4. Estimation of the "loading effects" of the distance or working range

4.2.5. Environment (copper, ferrite, battery, etc.)

4.2.6. Several measures for illustrating our proposal

4.2.7. H_d field necessary for the NFC device target

4.2.8. H_0 necessary to create at the antenna level of the initiator

4.2.9. Power P (in watts)

4.2.10. Field H which must be produced by the initiator for a specific target

4.2.11. Definition of the initiator antenna: format of the "landing area" of the reader (where one puts the target)

4.2.12. "System" considerations of the application

4.2.12.1. Quality Q coefficient

4.2.13. Market integrated circuits for direct attack of the antenna

4.2.13.1. Existing R_ic_out resistance values

4.2.13.2. Necessary R_ic_out resistance values

4.2.13.3. Conclusions

4.2.14. Booster amplifiers

4.2.14.1. Booster amplifier in discrete components

4.2.14.1.1. Conclusion

4.2.14.2. Booster amplifier in class C

4.2.14.3. Booster amplifier in integrated circuits

4.2.14.3.1. AM 3911 and AS3911B

4.2.14.3.2. AM 39230

4.2.15. Problem of the retro-modulation value

4.2.15.1. Amplify the signal received/preamplifier stage

4.3. Large antennas in multi-antennas

4.3.1. In simultaneous mode (temporarily non-multiplexed)

4.3.1.1. Division of the mono-antenna of the initiator in "n" antennas

4.3.1.1.1. Flow addition and subtraction problems and zones of "zerolines"

4.3.1.1.2. Incidences due to voluntary or involuntary coupling of the antennas belonging to the same branch or to neighboring branches

4.3.1.2. Division of the antenna in 2 or "n x n" antennas in parallelseries mounting

4.3.1.3. Conclusions.

4.3.2. In multiplexed mode temporarily

4.3.2.1. Temporarily multiplexed antenna network

4.3.2.2. Temporarrily multiplexed antennaa network with cover

4.4. Large antennas in multi-devices

4.4.1. Conclusions

4.5. Other examples of initiator antennas

Chapter 5: Antennas for Targets and Tags: Detailed Calculations

5.1. Introduction: there is a target and target

5.2. NFC Forum Tags

5.2.1. "Technology Subset"

5.3. Introduction to problems of antenna targets/tags

5.3.1. Tuning of the targets/tags

5.3.2. The inductance L

5.3.2.1. The capacity C

5.3.2.1.1. Nominal value

5.3.2.1.2. Precision

5.3.2.1.3. Capacity electric performances

5.3.2.1.4. Performance measurements

5.3.2.2. Application fields and uses of additional capacities

5.3.2.2.1. Economic aspects

5.4. State-of-the-art of the antenna sizes

5.4.1. Sizes of the target antennas

5.4.1.1. ISO 14 443 antenna classes

5.4.2. Examples of applications of targets with antennas in ISO classes

5.4.2.1. Class 1

5.4.2.2. Class 2

5.4.2.3. Classes 3, 4 and 5

5.4.2.4. Class 6

5.4.2.5. NFC antenna formats outside ISO 14443

5.4.2.6. Associated values of the magnetic H fields

5.4.2.6.1. Some complements concerning how to measure these magnetic fields

5.4.2.7. Calculation of the fields and magnetic inductions of a minimum threshold

5.4.2.7.1. Electric representation of the target

5.4.2.8. Magnetic field of minimum threshold

5.4.2.8.1. Specific case or the target is strictly fine tuned

5.5. Technological aspect of the NFC targets and tags

5.5.1. Data specific to integrated circuits for usage by NFC targets

5.5.2. Data specific to the additional capacities

5.5.3. Industrial data specific to antenna technology

5.5.4. Technology at stake

5.5.4.1. Manufacturing technology of the antenna winding.

5.5.4.1.1. Antenna winding with the help of copper or aluminum wires.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed February 18, 2016).

ISBN:

9781523110049

152311004X

9781119145325

1119145325

9781119145318

1119145317

OCLC:

935259635