Horizons in cancer research Volume 45 / Hiroto S. Watanabe, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Watanabe, Hiroto S.

Series:

Horizons in cancer research ; v. 45.

Horizons in cancer research, 2159-1326 ; v. 45

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Cancer.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (322 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2011.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Preface; Paclitaxel: Chemotherapy & Neurotoxicity-The Two Sides of the Coin; Role of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) in Pathological Angiogenesis & Prostate Tumor Growth; Proteomics in the Discovery of Biomarkers of Chemoresistance: The Current Status of Paclitaxel Resistance in Human Epithelial Ovarian Cancer; Macromolecules as Paclitaxel Carriers: From Chemical Considerations to Clinical Applications; Paclitaxel Crystals: Molecular Interactions, Nucleation & Growth, & Possible Implications on Cell Studies; Second Primary Cancer in Children & Adults: A Comparison; Critical Evaluation of the Use of CD133 as a Cancer Stem Cell Marker in Solid Tumors; Psychosocial Oncology; Brain Metastases: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment; Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Contents:

Intro

Contents

Preface

Chapter I

Paclitaxel: Chemotherapy and Neurotoxicity - The Two Sides of the Coin

Alessia Chiorazzi

Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Technologies, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy

1. Abstract

2. Introduction

A. History

B. Mechanism of Action

C. Pharmacodynamics

D. Pharmacokinetics

3. Neurotoxicity in Clinical Practice

A. Symptoms and Signs

B. Clinical Trials

C. Treatment of Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy

4. In Vitro Studies

5. In Vivo Studies

A. Rat Models of Peripheral Neurotoxicity Induced by Paclitaxel

B. Mice Models of Peripheral Neurotoxicity Induced by Paclitaxel

C. Paclitaxel-Induced Morphological Alterations in the Peripheral Nervous System

6. Neuroprotection: Pre-Clinical Models and Clinical Trials

A. Antioxidants

Alpha Lipoic Acid

Vitamin E

Resveratol

B. Growth Factors

Nerve Growth Factor

Leukemia Inhibitory Factor

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

Erythropoietin

C. Detoxicant

Amifostine

D. Other Compounds

Olesoxime

Geldanamycin and Radicicol

Acetyl-L-Carnitine

Glutamine

Conclusion

Abbreviations

References

Chapter II

Proteomics in the Discovery of Biomarkers of Chemoresistance: The Current Status of Paclitaxel Resistance in Human Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

M. Di Michele1, L. Cicchillitti2, A. Della Corte1, S. Marcone1, M. D'Imperio,1, C. Ferlini2, G. Scambia2, M.B. Donati1, and D. Rotilio1

1(RE ARTU) Research Laboratories

2Department of Oncology, John Paul II Centre for High Technology Research and Education in Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University, Campobasso, Italy

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Proteomics Methods for Biomarker Discovery

2.1. Gel-Based Methods

2.1.1. 2D-PAGE

2.1.2. DIGE

2.1.3. Gel Staining.

2.1.4. Protein Identification by Mass Spectrometry

2.2. Gel-Free Methods

2.2.1. LC-MS/MS

2.2.2. Stable Isotope Labeling

2.2.3. Peptide Profiling

2.3. Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs)

2.3.1. Phosphoproteomics

2.3.2. Glycoproteomics

2.4. Bioinformatics Tools

3. Proteomics to Identify Biomarkers in Cancer Chemoresistance

4. Paclitaxel Resistance in Ovarian Cancer

by a Proteomic Approach

4.1. Ovarian Cancer

4.2. Paclitaxel Resistance

4.3. Current Status of Proteomic Research to Study Paclitaxel Resistance in Ovarian Cancer

Chapter III

Macromolecules as Paclitaxel Carriers: From Chemical Considerations to Clinical Applications

Franco Dosio1 and Daniela Gastaldi2

University of Torino, Italy

1 Department of Drug Sciences and Technology

2 Department of Analytical Chemistry, v. Giuria 5-9, Torino, Italy

2. Natural Macromolecules as Paclitaxel Carriers

2.1. Heparin Conjugates

2.2. Chitosan Conjugates

2.3. Hyaluronic Acid Conjugates

2.4. Dextran Conjugates

2.5. Protein and Peptide Conjugates

2.6. Monoclonal Antibody Derivatives and Targeted Prodrugs

3. Conjugates Composed by Paclitaxel and Synthetic Polymers

3.1. Poly (Ethylene Glycol) Conjugates

3.2. Polyaminoacid Conjugates

3.3. N-(2-Hydroxypropyl) Methacrylamide Conjugates

3.4. Dendrimeric Conjugates

Chapter IV

Paclitaxel Crystals: Molecular Interactions, Nucleation and Growth, and Possible Implications on Cell Studies

Javier S. Castro1, 2*, Pierre A. Deymier1 and Bartosz Trzaskowski3

1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona,

AZ, USA

2. Autonomous University of Juarez City (UACJ), Juarez City, Chih. Mexico.

3 Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology,

CA, USA

2. Binding Affinity of Fluorochromes and Fluorescent Proteins to Paclitaxel Crystals

2.1. Experimental Procedures and Results

2.2.1. Electron Microscopy Characterization of Paclitaxel Crystals

2.3. Computational Analysis

2.3.1. Paclitaxel Crystal Structure

2.3.2. Binding Affinity of Tubulin to Paclitaxel Crystals

2.3.3. Binding Affinity of Fluorochromes to Paclitaxel Crystals

3. Nucleation and Growth of Paclitaxel Crystals in Aqueous Solutions and Gels: Effect of Tubulin Proteins

3.1. Spherulitic and Needle-Like Crystals Growth

3.2. Homogeneous Crystallization of Paclitaxel

3.3. Heterogeneous Nucleation of Paclitaxel in Tubulin-Containing Aqueous Solutions

3.4. Effect of Tubulin Concentration on Crystallization of Paclitaxel in Aqueous Liquid Environments

3.5. Crystallization of Paclitaxel in Agarose Gels

3.5.1. Experiments Performed in a Circular Cuvette

3.5.2. Experiments Performed in a Rectangular Column

3.6. Paclitaxel-Tubulin Binding Site

4. Possible Implications on Cell Studies

Conclusions

Chapter V

Second Primary Cancer in Children and Adults: A Comparison

Carmen Mejia1, Alberto Serrano-Olvera2 and Lena Ruiz-Azuara3*

1 Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM

2Subdirección de Investigación Clínica del Instituto Nacional de Cáncerología y, Departamento de Oncología Médica del Centro ABC, México

3Facultad de Química, UNAM

Introduction

Factors Related to the Development of Second Primary Cancer

Genetic Syndromes

Lifestyle and Environmental Factors

Chemotherapy and Tamoxifen

Tamoxifen

Radiotherapy

Possible Causes of Secondary Tumors in Childhood

Most Frequent Secondary Childhood Neoplasm.

Rare Neoplasms Following Primary Tumors in Children

Epidemiology of the Second Primary Cancers in Adults

Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Testicular Cancer

Cervical-Uterine Cancer

Breast Cancer

Prevention of a Second Malignancy

Grant Sponsors

Chapter VI

Critical Evaluation of the Use of CD133 as a Cancer Stem Cell Marker in Solid Tumors

Scott Bidlingmaier1, Xiaodong Zhu1, Yue Liu1 and Bin Liu1,2, *

1Department of Anesthesia,

2Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, CA, USA

The CD133 Molecule, AC133 and AC141 Antibodies, and Stem and Progenitor Cell Populations

CD133 Expression is Often Correlated with,But Not Required, for Brain Tumor Initiation

CD133 as a CSC Marker in Other Solid Tumors

Issues Concerning Commonly Used CD133 Antibodies (AC133 and AC141)

Oxygen Levels Modulate CD133 Expression

Cell Cycle Regulation of CD133 Expression

CD133 Expression as a Prognostic Marker

Functional Studies of the CD133 Molecule

Evaluation of CD133 and Other Putative CSC Markers in the Context of the CSC Hypothesis

Acknowledgments

Chapter VII

Psychosocial Oncology

Kevin Bumpers

Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, US

Factors Leading to Cancer Disparities in the United States

Cancer Incidence and Outcomes for African Americans

African Americans and Treatment Delay

Mistrust of the Healthcare System

Means for Overcoming Barriers to Equitable Healthcare

The Role and Impact of Oncology Social Work in Overcoming Healthcare Disparities

Social Workers and Improving Cancer Outcomes

Barriers to Oncology Social Work

Steps to Improving Barriers to Oncology Social Work

Chapter VIII.

Brain Metastases: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

Semra Paydas*

Cukurova University faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology

Adana, Turkey

Clinical Presentation

Diagnosis

Therapeutic Options

Whole Brain Irradiatıon Therapy (WBI)

WBI in Combination with Temozolamide

WBI in Combination with Stereotactic Surgery (SRS) or Stereotactic Radiotherapy (SRT)

Surgery and Whole Brain Irradiation (WBI)

Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS)

Chemotherapy (CT)

The Management of Brain Metastases in Special Tumors

Non Small Cell Lung Cancer

Malignant Melanoma

Leptomeningeal Metastases or Carcinomatous Meningitis or Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis

RTOG Neurologic Function Classification

Targeted Treatment

Management of Brain Edema and the Use of Steroids and Anticonvulsants

Prognosis

Chapter IX

Long-Term Recurrences and Second Tumors After Curative Surgery for Cancer of the Esophagus and Gastroesophageal Junction

Andrés Sánchez-Pernaute*, Norman Jael Cervantes,

Óscar Cano Valderrama, María Elia Pérez-Aguirre and Antonio José Torres García

Patients and Method

Results

Patients and Methods

Long-Term Survivors

Discussion

Chapter X

Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Hai-bo Sun and Si-yu Wang*

Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University,

Guangzhou, People's Republic of China

Factors Associated with Brain Metastases

1. Chemotherapy

2. Stage

3. Histology and Age

Treatment of Brain Metastases

1. Nonrandomized Study of PCI

PCI in Patients with NSCLC

2. Randomized Stuies of PCI

Toxicity of PCI

PCI: When and How?

Chapter XI.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction of AS-30D Rat Ascites Hepatoma Cells: Action of Zinc (II) and Sodium Selenite.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

1-62081-908-2

OCLC:

847931006