Advances in medicine and biology Volume 3 / Leon V. Berhardt, edfitor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Berhardt, Leon V.

Series:

Advances in Medicine and Biology

Advances in medicine and biology ; v. 3

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Medicine--Research.

Medicine.

Biology--Research.

Biology.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (291 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, c2010.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Advances in Medicine and Biology presents original research results on the leading edge of medicine and biology research. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial research results across a broad spectrum.

Contents:

Intro

ADVANCES IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY VOLUME 3

CONTENTS

PREFACE

Chapter I THE EFFECTS OF DRUGS ON VERBAL FLUENCY: MECHANISMS OF DRUG RELATED FLUENCY IN APHASIA

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

NEUROANATOMY OF SPEECH AND LANGUAGE

NEUROCHEMICAL BASES OF SPEECH AND LANGUAGE

The Primary Neurotransmitters

Glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid and glycine

Neuromodulators and hormones

Catecholamines

Acetylcholine

Serotonin

DEFINITION OF FLUENCY

NEUROPHARMACOLOGY OF VERBAL FLUENCY, SPEECH AND LANGUAGE

Agents which increase cerebral perfusion

Dopaminergic agents

Amphetamines

Cholinergic drugs

Piracetam

Zolpidem

Amantadine

Antiepileptic agents

Drugs which have speech and language side effects

CLINICAL CASE

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter II ANTI-TUMORAL EFFECTS OF PULSED LOW ELECTRIC FIELD ENHANCED CHEMOTHERAPY: LESSONS FROM EXPERIMENTAL MALIGNANT TUMORS

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Enhancement of the Uptake of Molecules and Macromolecules by Cells

1.2. Enhanced Uptake of Molecules and Macromolecules by Non-Permeabilizing Unipolar Pulsed Low Electric Fields (LEF)

1.3. The Difference between Enhanced Uptake of Molecules Induced by Electroporation and by Unipolar Pulsed Train of Low Electric Fields (LEF)

1.4. Application of Electric Based Cancer Therapy

1.4.1. Electrotherapy by low intensity DC electric-fields (LIEF)

1.4.2. Electrochemotherapy by high electric fields (ECT)

1.4.3. Electrotherapy by high frequency electric fields

1.4.4. Electro-hyperthermia

2. ANTI-TUMORAL EFFECTS OF LOW ELECTRIC FIELD CANCER TREATMENT-ENHANCED CHEMOTHERAPY (LEFCT-EC)

2.1. Experimental Design and Methods

2.1.1. Experimental metastatic tumors.

2.1.2. Chemotherapy.

2.1.3. Low electric field cancer therapy protocol

2.2. Treatment of Mouse Melanoma Derived Tumors by LEFCT-EC

2.3. Treatment of Mouse Mammary Carcinoma Derived Tumors by LEFCT-EC

2.4. Effective Treatment of Mouse Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) Cancer by Low Electric Fields and Chemotherapy

2.5. Effective Treatment of Mouse Metastatic Prostate Cancer by Low Electric Fields and Chemotherapy

2.6. Cure of Primary Colon Cancer Derived Tumors and Reduction in the Metastatic Load Following LEFCT-EC

2.6.1. The role of the electric pulse intensity

2.6.2. The combination of the electric stimulus with different chemotherapeutic drugs

2.6.3. The ability of LEFCT-EC to control primary as well as metastatic disease

3. THE INVOLVEMENT OF IMMUNOLOGICAL COMPONENTS IN THE ARREST OF METASTATIC GROWTH ACHIEVED BY DESTRUCTION OF THE PRIMARY TUMOR BY LEFCT AND LEFCT-EC

3.1. The Development of an Anti Tumoral Reaction Following LEFCT-EC of B16 Melanoma

3.2. Breast Cancer Cell (DA3) Tumor Destruction by LEFCT and LEFCT-EC Triggered Anti Tumor Reaction

3.3. SCC Tumor (SQ2) Destruction by LEFCT And LEFCT-EC and Anti Tumor Reaction

3.4. Anti Tumor Immunity against Prostate Cancer Cell Tumors (TRAMP) Following Destruction of the Tumors by LEFCT-EC

3.5. Involvement of the Immune Response in the Cure of Metastatic Murine CT-26 Colon Carcinoma by LEFCT-EC

3.6. Induction of Anti-Tumor Immunity by Other Ablation Mechanisms, Which Cause in Situ Tumor Ablation

Chapter III SMALL MOLECULE SELECTIVE TACE INHIBITORS: POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC AGENTS

A) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) [2]

B) Corticoids

C) Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs)

1.1. Cytokines and Rheumatoid Arthritis

1.2. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α

1) Synthesis.

2) Processing

3) Inhibition of TNF-α Effects

2. TNF- ΑLFA CONVERTING ENZYME (TACE)

2.1. Functions of TACE

2.2. Regulation of TACE

3. MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES (MMPS)

3.1. MMP Inhibitors

4. TACE VS MMPS

5. SELECTIVE TACE INHIBITORS

5.1. Sulphonamide Inhibitotrs

5.2. -Lactam Hydroxamates as Selective TACE Inhibitors

5.3. Succinate-Based Selective TACE Inhibitors

5.4. β-Benzamido hydroxamates

5.5. Miscellaneous Hydroxamates

5.6. Non-hydroxamate TACE Inhibitors

5.7. Conversion of MMP Inhibitor to Selective TACE Inhibitor

6. MOLECULAR MODELING STUDIES OF TACE INHIBITORS

7. SUMMARY

Chapter IV ANTIOXIDANTS AND DIABETES-INDUCED ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION

Diabetes-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction

Hyperglycemia- induced reactive oxygen species (ROS)

1. The polyol pathway

2. Glucose auto-oxidation

3. de novosynthesis of DAG and activate PKC induced ROS

4. Advanced end products of nonenzymatic glycosylation

The indicator for oxidative stress: malondialdehyde (MDA)

Roles of Antioxidants: Garlic, Genistein, Curcumin, Tetrahydrocurcumin and Vitamin C

Pharmacological Effects of Garlic

Genistein

Curcumin

Vitamin C (L-Ascorbic Acid)

Antioxidant properties of vitamin C

Hypoglycemic effect of vitamin C

Vitamin C and MDA levels

Effects of vitamin C supplementation on hypertension

Novel Approach Using Fluorochromes

Roles of vitamin C on endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability

How vitamin C could decrease leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction in diabetes?

Updated overview for antioxidants and diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

REFERENCES.

Chapter V POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL EFFECTS OF ESTROGENS ON GENE EXPRESSION: MESSENGER RNA STABILITY AND TRANSLATION REGULATED BY MICRORNAS AND OTHER FACTORS

ESTROGENS STABILIZE AND DESTABILIZE SPECIFIC MRNAS

ESTROGENS AFFECT MRNA TRANSLATION

ESTROGEN ACTIONS AND MICRORNAS

MicroRNAs - Biogenesis and Regulation of Gene Expression

Estrogens Regulate Expression of MicroRNA Genes in Responsive Tissues during Normal Physiology and Disease

MicroRNAs Regulate ER Gene Expression and Estrogen Actions

FUTURE THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO REGULATING POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL ESTROGEN ACTIONS

Chapter VI EMERGENCY CONTROL OF DENGUE FEVER IN THE AMERICAS

INTRODUCTION TO DENGUE FEVER

HISTORY OF VECTOR CONTROL IN THE AMERICAS

CHALLENGES TO DENGUE CONTROL PROGRAMS

Regional Approach and New Challenges

Regional Response to Dengue in the 21st Century

Environmental Source Reduction

Larval Control

Adult control

CONTEMPORARY EMERGENCY VECTOR CONTROL MEASURES

Chapter VII MEHG-EXPOSURE THROUGH SEAFOOD CONSUMPTION: CHOLINERGIC MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR AS A TARGET OF TOXICITY AND POTENTIAL BIOMARKER OF CNS EFFECTS

AIM AND EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES

MAIN FINDINGS

In Vivo Studies

A. Effects on development

B. Effects on cerebral MRs

C. Effects on lymphocyte MRs.

In Vitro Studies on Brain and Lymphocyte MRs

Chapter VIII ANTIOXIDANTS: CHEMISTRY AND THEIR IMPACT ON HEALTH

Definition

2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

3. CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIOXIDANTS

4. ANTIOXIDANT CHEMISTRY OF SOME VITAMINS

4.1. Alpha Tocopherol (Vitamin E)

4.1.1. Nomenclature

4.1.2. Source and nature

4.1.3. Mechanisms of action.

4.1.4. Possible therapeutic effects

4.2. Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)

4.2.1. Source and nature

4.2.2. Mechanism of action

4.3. Beta Carotene

4.3.1. Source and nature

4.3.2. Mechanisms of action

5. ANTIOXIDANT CHEMISTRY OF SOME ENZYMES

5.1. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)

5.1.1. Source and nature

5.1.2. Mechanism of action

5.2. The Catalase Enzyme

5.3. Glutathione Peroxidase Enzyme

5.3.1. Source and nature

6. MODE OF ACTION OF ANTIOXIDANTS

7. ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM IN OUR BODY

8. COMMERCIAL SOURCES OF NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS

9. EFFICACY OF ANTI OXIDANTS IN DIFFERENT SYSTEMS

10. SUMMARY

11. CONCLUSION

12. FUTURE SCOPE OF RESEARCH

Chapter IX MAINTAINING A LONG-LIVED PLASMA CELL

DYNAMIC NICHES THROUGHOUT PHYSIOLOGICAL LIFE STAGES

ALTERNATIVE METABOLISM IN THE HYPOXIC MARROW ENVIRONMENT

Chapter X SITE-SPECIFIC GLYCOSYLATION USING PICHIA EXPRESSION SYSTEM IMPROVES STRUCTURAL STABILITY AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF HUMAN CYSTATIN C

Preparation of Oligomannosyl Cystatin

Molecular Stability of Oligomannosyl Cystatin

The Anti-Rotavirus Activity and Anti-Salmonella Activity of Oligomannosyl Cystatin

INDEX

Blank Page.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

1-61209-219-5

OCLC:

847478932