Lanthanum : compounds, production and applications / Ryan J. Moore, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Moore, Ryan J.

Series:

Chemistry research and applications series.

Chemistry research and applications

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Lanthanum--Industrial applications.

Lanthanum.

Lanthanum compounds--Industrial applications.

Lanthanum compounds.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (377 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Hauppauge, N.Y. : Nova Science Publishers, c2010.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Lanthanum is a chemical element with the symbol La and atomic number 57. This book reviews research on the biomedical applications of lanthanum; the effect of lanthanum in heterogeneous catalysts; lanthanum strontium manganites for application as cathodes in solid oxide fuel cells, and others.

Contents:

Intro

LANTHANUM: COMPOUNDS, PRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA

CONTENTS

PREFACE

Chapter 1 DOPED LANTHANUM SILICATES WITH THE APATITE STRUCTURE AS OXIDE-ION CONDUCTING ELECTROLYTES: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION FOR DESIGN OF INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURE SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL

ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION

2. METHODS OF SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION

2.1. Synthesis Methods

2.1.1. Electrolytes: Doped Apatite-Type Lanthanum Silicates

2.1.2. Anode Materials

2.1.3. Cathode Materials

2.2. Characterization

3. SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF DOPED APATITE-TYPE LANTHANUM SILICATE ELECTROLYTES

3.1. Apatite-Type Lanthanum Silicates Prepared via Mechanochemical Activation

3.1.1. Al-Doped ATLS

3.1.2. Fe-Doped ATLS

3.1.3. The Mechanism of the Apatite Formation

3.2. Pechini Method

3.3. Сharacteristics of Apatite-Type Lanthanum Silicate Electrolytes

3.3.1. Bulk Structure Characterization

3.3.2. Surface Composition Study

3.3.3. Transport Properties

4. ANODE MATERIALS

4.1. Methods of Synthesis and Characterization

4.2. Structural Characteristics of Anode Materials

4.3. Catalytic Activity in Methane Steam Reforming

4.3.1. The Unmodified Composite Anode Materials

4.3.2. Modified Composite Anode Materials

4.3.3. The Effect of the ATLS Dopant Nature

5. CATHODE MATERIALS

5.1. Methods of Synthesis and Characterization

5.2. Perovskites

5.2.1. Phase, Morphology and Structural Features of Perovskites

5.3.2. Surface Composition of Perovskites

5.3.3. Conductivity of Perovskites

5.3.3. Oxygen Mobility and Catalytic Properties of Perovskites

5.3. Perovskite-Apatite Composite

5.3.1. Structural Properties

5.3.2. Conductivity and Oxygen Mobility.

6. HALF CELL PREPARATION BY MEANS OF ELETROPHORETIC DEPOSITION

6.1. Electrophoretic Deposition of Cathode Powders

6.2. Preparation of the Electrolyte Pellets

6.3. Preparation of Electrolyte Supported Half Cells

6.3.1. Cathode Half Cell.

6.4. Preparation of Anode Supported Half Cells

7. CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 2 LANTHANUM-CONTAINING CATALYTIC MATERIALS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

DISCOVERING OF LANTHANUM AND ITS PHYSICOCHEM PROPERTIES

LANTHANA AND LANTHANUM-CONTAINING COMPOSITE OXIDES

Lanthanum Oxides

Nano Lanthanum Oxide

Mesoporous Lanthanum Oxide

Modified Lanthanum Oxide

Supported Lanthanum Oxide

Lanthanum Oxide as Supports

Lanthanum-Containing Composite Oxides

Conventional Lanthanum-Containing Composite Oxides

Nano Lanthanum-Containing Composite Oxides

Mesoporous Lanthanum-Containing Composite Oxides

Modified Lanthanum-Containing Composite Oxides

LANTHANUM OXYSULFIDE, SULFIDE, AND OXYNITRIDE

Lanthanum Oxysulfide

Lanthanum Sulfide

Lanthanum Oxynitride

LANTHANUM USED AS ADDITIVES

Lanthanum Modified Molecular Sieves

Lanthanum Modified Microporous Molecular Sieves

Lanthanum Modified Mesoporous Molecular Sieves

Lanthanum Modified Clays

Lanthanum as Additive for Support Catalysts

Lanthanum Modified Solid Superacid Catalysts

LANTHANUM-CONTAINING HETEROPOLY ACIDS/SALTS

LANTHANUM SALTS AS CATALYSTS FOR HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS

CONCLUDED REMARKS AND OUTLOOK

Chapter 3 BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF LANTHANUM

LANTHANUM AS A TRACER FOR THE STUDY OF TIGHT JUNCTIONS

Structure and Function of Tight Junctions

Methods to Study the Permeability of Tight Junctions in Cell Cultures

The lanthanum tracer method.

Transepithelial electrical resistance

Hydrophilic permeability probes

Brain and peripheral nervous system

Eye

Gastrointestinal tract

Respiratory system

Thymus

Male reproductive organs

Female reproductive organs

Other tissues

Lanthanum as an Inhibitor of Ion Channels

UPTAKE OF LANTHANUM SALTS IN THE BODY

Lanthanum Carbonate in the Treatment of Hyperphosphatemia in end Stage Renal Disease

Chapter 4 THE PROMOTING EFFECT OF LANTHANUM IN HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS

2. APPLICATIONS OF LANTHANA AS CATALYSTS AND SUPPORTS

3. THE ROLE OF LANTHANUM AS PROMOTER IN HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS

3.1.The Stabilization of Combustion Catalysts with Lanthanum

3.2. The Role of Lanthanum In Improving the Catalysts for Hydrocarbons Reforming

3.3. The Doping of the Three-Way Catalysts with Lanthanum

3.4. The Action of Lanthanum on the Thermal Stability of Catalytic Membranes

3.5. The Addition of Lanthanum to Photocatalysts

3.6. Improvements of Catalysts for Ethylbenzene Dehydrogenation by Lanthanum

3.7. Other Uses of Lanthanum as Dopant in Heterogeneous Catalysis

4. CONCLUDING REMARKS

Chapter 5 LANTHANUM STRONTIUM MANGANITES FOR APPLICATION AS CATHODES IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS

2. MATERIALS FOR SOFC

3. PEROVSKITES: STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES

3.1. Structure of Perovskite Oxides

3.2. Electrical Properties

3.3. Thermal Stability

3.4. Chemical Reactivity with YSZ

4. SYNTHESIS METHODS OF PEROVSKITES

4.1. Solid-State Method

4.2. Combustion Method

4.3. Citrate Method

5. EXPERIMENTAL

5.1. LSM Synthesis

5.2. Characterization

6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

6.1. Solid-State Method

6.1.1. Thermal analysis

6.1.2. Phase formation.

6.1.3. Microstructure and porosity

6.2. Combustion Method

6.2.1. Thermal analysis

6.2.2. Phase formation

6.2.3. Microstructure and porosity

6.3. Citrate Method

6.3.1. Thermal analysis

6.3.2. Phase formation

6.3.3. Microstructure and porosity

6.4. Electrical Conductivity

Chapter 6 LANTHANIDE DOPED BISMUTH TITANATE THIN FILMS: PROMISING RARE EARTH PHOTOLUMINESCENCE FERROELECTRIC MATERIALS

2. CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF LANTHANIDE DOPED BISMUTH TITANATE THIN FILMS

3. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF (BI, LN)4TI3O12 THIN FILMS

4. PHOTOLUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES OF (BI, LN)4TI3O12 THIN FILMS

4.1. (Bi, Eu)4Ti3O12 (BEuT) Luminescent Ferroelectric Thin Films

4.2. Nanocomposite Films Composed of Ferroelectric Bi3.6Eu0.4Ti3O12 Matrix and Highly C-Axis Oriented ZnO Nanorods

4.3. (Bi, Pr)4Ti3O12 (BPrT) Luminescent Ferroelectric Thin Films

4.4. (Bi, Er)4Ti3O12 (BErT) Luminescent Ferroelectric Thin Films

5. CONCLUSION

Chapter 7 LANTHANUM HALIDE SCINTILLATORS FOR GAMMA SPECTROSCOPY

SECTION 1: LACL3:CE AND LABR3:CE CRYSTALS

SECTION 2. LACL3: CE AND LABR3:CE DETECTORS FOR GAMMA SPECTROSCOPY

Section 2.1 Internal Activity

Section 2.2. Radiation Hardness

Section 2.3. Pulse Shape Discrimination

Section 2.4. Time and Energy Resolution

Section 2.5. Doppler and Imaging

CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 8 MAGNETIC INCOMMENSURABILITY AND FLUCTUATING CHARGE DENSITY WAVES IN LANTHANUM CUPRATES

2. MODELS AND METHODS

2.1. The t-J Model and Mori's Projection Operator Formalism

2.2. The Hubbard Model and the Strong-Coupling Diagram Technique

3. MAGNETIC INCOMMENSURABILITY

4. FLUCTUATING CHARGE DENSITY WAVES

REFERENCES.

Chapter 9 LANTHANUM HEXABORIDE THIN FILMS IN PHOTO EMISSIVE AMBIENT AIR APPLICATIONS

Chapter 10 LANTHANUM-BASED OXIDES AS HIGH PERMITTIVITY GATE DIELECTRICS FOR NEXT GENERATION MOS DEVICES

1.1. Why Do We Need High-k?

1.2. What Are the Requirements for High-k Materials as Gate Dielectrics?

1.2.1. Enough high permittivity

1.2.2. Good thermal stability contact with silicon substrate

1.2.3. Good insulator with band offsets larger than 1ev with silicon to minimize carrier injection into its bands

1.3. Lanthanum-Based Oxides Are Promising Ones as High-K Gate Dielectrics

2. EFFECTS OF MOISTURE ABSORPTION ON THE PERMITTIVITY AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF LA2O3 FILM AS GATE DIELECTRIC

3. SUPPRESSION OF LEAKAGE CURRENT AND MOISTURE ABSORPTION OF LA2O3 FILMS WITH ULTRAVIOLET OZONE POST TREATMENT

4. HIGHER-K LAYOX FILMS WITH STRONG MOISTURE-ROBUSTNESS

INDEX.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-61728-333-9

OCLC:

923663064