Biometrics, privacy, progress and government / Rachel B. Jefferson, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Jefferson, Rachel B.

Series:

Computer science, technology and applications.

Computer science, technology and applications

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Biometric identification--Government policy--United States.

Biometric identification.

Privacy, Right of.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (174 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, c2010.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Government and industry have a common challenge in today's global society to provide more robust identity management tools, and identity governance principles on how to deploy these tools intelligently to meet national and international needs. This book focuses on biometrics, which are the most definitive, and real-time identity management tools.

Contents:

Intro

BIOMETRICS, PRIVACY, PROGRESS AND GOVERNMENT

CONTENTS

PREFACE

Chapter 1 DEFENSE MANAGEMENT - DOD CAN ESTABLISH MORE GUIDANCE FOR BIOMETRICS COLLECTION AND EXPLORE BROADER DATA SHARING

WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY

WHAT GAO RECOMMENDS

WHAT GAO FOUND

ABBREVIATIONS

RESULTS IN BRIEF

BACKGROUND

Governmentwide Policies Regarding Biometrics Data Are Evolving

DOD Collection, Matching, and Sharing of Biometrics Data

DOD HAS ISSUED LIMITED GUIDANCE FOR COLLECTING BIOMETRICS DATA

DOD SHARES DATA ON NON-U.S. PERSONS THROUGH INTERAGENCY AGREEMENTS, BUT SOME GAPS IN DATA MAY REMAIN

CONCLUSION

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EXECUTIVE ACTION

AGENCY COMMENTS AND OUR EVALUATION

APPENDIX I. SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY

Scope

Methodology

APPENDIX II. COMMENTS FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

End Notes

Chapter 2 BIOMETRICS IN GOVERNMENT POST-9/11: ADVANCING SCIENCE, ENHANCING OPERATIONS

INTRODUCTION

Initial Reactions

General Timeline of Federal Government Biometric Activities

ADVANCING THE SCIENCE OF BIOMETRICS

1. Research, Development, Test &amp

Evaluation (RDT&amp

E)

a. Face Recognition

b. Fingerprint Identification and Verification

Slap Fingerprint

Segmentation

c. Iris Recognition

d. Multimodal Biometric Identification

e. Biometric Quality

f. Biometrics Usability

2. Development of Biometric Standards

OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES

1. Department of Defense (DoD) (Law Enforcement/Intelligence/Access Control)

a. History of DoD Biometrics-Formalizing, Centralizing, Funding, Access Control

b. DoD Biometrics Post 9/11-Identifying Terrorists, Storing, Analyzing Biometric Data

c. Today's DoD Biometrics Structure-Operating and Synchronizing Technologies and Capabilities

2. Department of Homeland Security.

a. US-VISIT (Immigration and Border Management/Law Enforcement/ Intelligence)

Challenge

Solution

Program overview

Privacy policy

Authorizing Legislation and Funding

b. Transportation Worker Identification Credential (TWIC) (Access Control)

Authorizing legislation

c. Global Entry (Immigration and Border Management)

3. Department of Justice (Law Enforcement and Intelligence)

The next generation identification (NGI) program

Advanced fingerprint identification technology

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Multimodal Biometrics

The Biometric Center of Excellence

Interim Data sharing Model (idsm)

Immigration violator file

Summary

4. Department of State (Immigration and Border Management and Intelligence)

a. Biometric Visa Program

b. Border Crossing Card Program

c. BioVisa and US-VISIT as Partner Programs

d. Biometric Identity Verification at Ports of Entry

e. Issued Visa Records Viewed at Ports of Entry

f. DOS Facial Recognition System Screens Photos of Visa Applicants

g. BioVisa Program Transition from Two to Ten Fingerprints

h. Ten Prints Screened Against KST Latents in IDENT

i. BioVisa 10 Prints Advance IDENT-IAFIS Interoperability

j. 10 Print Screening Against IAFIS

k. BioVisa Program Essential for Border Security

5. Personal Identity Verification Credential (access control)

ADVANCING AND UTILIZING PRIVACY THEORY

1. Building a Conceptual Foundation

2. Privacy Impact Assessments

3. Privacy Technology Implementation Guide

4. International Privacy Workshops

COMMUNICATIONS

1. Communications Group

2. Biometric Consortium Conference

3. Foundation Documents.

4. Web sites

5. International Meeting of Biometrics Experts

GOVERNMENT-WIDE COORDINATION, STRATEGIES AND POLICIES

1. Coordination

2. Strategies

a. The National Strategy for Maritime Security, September 2005, Executive Office of the President

b. National Infrastructure Protection Plan, January 2006, DHS

c. National Strategy for Information Sharing, October 2007, Executive Office of the President

d. National Strategy for Homeland Security, October 2007, Executive Office of the President, Homeland Security Council

3. Policies

a. Budget Guidance Memorandum

b. Presidential Directives

APPENDIX A. EXPANDED RDT&amp

E DISCUSSION

a. HumanID

b. Face

i. Face Recognition Vendor Tests

ii. Face Recognition Grand Challenge

c. Finger

iii. FpVTE

iv. Proprietary Fingerprint Template (PFT) testing

v. Slap fingerprint segmentation evaluation

vi. Fast fingerprint slap capture

vii. Fast rolled-equivalent fingerprint capture

viii. Latent fingerprint testing

ix. Fingerprint minutiae interoperability testing

Minex 04

Ongoing MINEX

Minex II

d. Iris

Ice

Standards

Tools

Guidance

Workshops

f. Multimodal

i. MBGC

ii. MBARK

g. CITeR

h. Biometrics Usability

i. Standards

APPENDIX B. ABOUT THE NSTC SUBCOMMITTEE ON BIOMETRICS AND IDENTITY MANAGEMENT

Chapter 3 THE NATIONAL BIOMETRICS CHALLENGE

ABOUT THE NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL

ABOUT THIS REPORT

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

THE NATIONAL BIOMETRICS CHALLENGE

1. Introduction

2. Why Biometrics

3. The Primary Driving Forces

3.1. National Security

3.1.1. Mission

3.1.2. Needs

3.1.3. Applications

3.2. Homeland Security and Law Enforcement

3.2.1. Mission

3.2.2. Needs

3.2.3. Applications.

3.3. Enterprise and E-Government (Electronic Government) Services

3.3.1. Mission

3.3.2. Needs

3.3.3. Applications

3.4. Personal Information and Business Transactions

3.4.1. Mission

3.4.2. Needs

3.4.3. Applications

4. Communications and Privacy

5. BIOMETRICS CHALLENGES, RESEARCH FOCUS AND BENEFIT

5.1. Biometrics Sensors

5.2. Biometrics Systems

5.3. Biometrics Systems Interoperability

5.4. Communications and Privacy

6. The Federal Government's Role in Biometrics Advancement

7. Summary

ABOUT THE NSTC SUBCOMMITTEE ON BIOMETRICS

SUBCOMMITTEE ON BIOMETRICS

Department Leads

Biometrics Research Agenda Interagency Coordination Plan (ICP) Team

SPECIAL ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Chapter 4 PRIVACY &amp

BIOMETRICS: BUILDING A CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATION

I. INTRODUCTION

II. BIOMETRICS

A. Biometrics Overview

B. Terminology

1. Enrollment

2. Biometric Template

3. Recognition

4. Verification

5. Identification

6. Verification Et Identification

C. Biometric Modalities

1. Fingerprint Recognition

2. Face Recognition

3. Iris Recognition

4. Hand/Finger Geometry

5. Other Biometric Identification Systems

a) Speaker recognition

b) Dynamic Signature

c) Vascular Pattern Recognition

6. Summary

D. Functional Architecture

III. PRIVACY

A. Introduction

B. Concepts of Privacy

C. Sources of Information Privacy

1. The Article: "The Right to Privacy

2. The US Constitution

3. Individual Privacy Claims

4. US State Privacy Laws

5. International Privacy Frameworks

D. Information Privacy

1. Personal Information

2. Appropriate Use

3. Special Categories

4. Summary

E. Functional Architecture

1. Current Status

2. Data (Personal Information)

3. Purpose &amp

Success

4. Function (Use)

5. Technology.

6. Audit, Control &amp

Access

7. Documentation

IV. APPLICATION OF PRIVACY TO BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY

A. Collection

1. Documentation

2. Purpose &amp

3. Data (Personal Information)

4. Technology

5. Audit, Control &amp

B. Conversion

C. Storage

D. Comparison

E. Decision

V. THE VALUE OF PRIVACY PROTECTIVE BIOMETRIC SYSTEMS

A. Public Concerns

B. Privacy Protective Biometric System Design

VI. ABOUT THE NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL

VII. ABOUT THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON BIOMETRICS

A. Subcommittee on Biometrics

B. Department Leads

C. Social/Legal/Privacy ICP Team

VIII. SPECIAL ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

CHAPTER SOURCES

INDEX

Blank Page.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-61324-213-1

OCLC:

739713607