Pollution control : management, technology and regulations / Horatio R. Velasquez, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Velasquez, Horatio R.

Series:

Air, water and soil pollution science and technology series.

Air, water and soil pollution science and technology

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Pollution.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (172 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Hauppauge, N.Y. : Nova Science Publishers, c2011.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem that is physical systems or living organisms. This book reviews research on global pollution control including organic waste valorisation in agriculture and its environmental risk implications.

Contents:

Intro

POLLUTION CONTROL: MANAGEMENT, TECHNOLOGY AND REGULATIONS

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA

CONTENTS

PREFACE

Chapter 1 ORGANIC WASTE VALORIZATION IN AGRICULTURE AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL RISK IMPLICATIONS

Abstract

1. Introduction

1.1. The Problem: Presence of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants

1.2. Pollutants Transfer

2. Environmental Risk Assessment

2.1. Existing Fate and Exposure Models

3. Case Study: Assessing the Reuse of Cattle Manure in Pastureland

3.1. Rationale and Description of the Area of Study

3.2. ERA Model

3.2.1. Fate Model

3.2.2. Exposure Model

- Metal Concentrations in Cattle

- Human Exposure Pathways

Ingestion of Meat and Milk

Ingestion of Soil

Dermal Absorption of Soil

Inhalation of Resuspended Particles of Soil

3.2.3. Risk Characterization

3.3. Integration of the ERA Model in a Software Platform: Risk-Based Decision Tool

3.3.1. Calculation Options

3.3.2. Results Obtained from the Risk-Based Model

References

Chapter 2 CONTAMINATION? NATURAL AND ANTHROPIC STRESSORS ON FRESHWATER DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS

1.1. Stressors in a Modern World

1.2. South America and their Ecological Hydro Systems

1.3. Stress on the "Del Plata" System

2. Decapod Biodiversity

2.1. Environment Type and its Relationship with the Decapods

3. The Action of Stress and Reaction of the Decapods

3.1. The Case of the Xenobiotic: Input in Decapods

3.2. Internal Changes in Decapods: Molecular Interactions

3.3. Cell Modifications After Environmental Stress

3.4. Response of Freshwater Decapods after Environmental Stress

3.4.1. The Behavior Level

3.4.2. Osmoregulation and Metabolic Level

3.4.3. Growth Patterns and Their Changes.

3.5. Effects on Reproduction

3.6. Lethal Effect And Survival

4. Interspecific Interactions in a Stressed Environment

5. Conclusion

Chapter 3 NONPOINT POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CROP PRODUCTION IN CHINA

1. Status of Non-point Pollution from Crop Production in China

1.1. Non-Point Pollution From Synthetic Fertilizers

1.2. Status of Eutrophication of Chinese Lakes

2. Reasons for Non-point Pollution from Crop Production in China

2.1. The Pressure for High Levels of Food Self-sufficiency in China

2.2. The Fast Development of Vegetable Production

2.3. Unbalanced Nutrient Inputs to China's Agrosystems

2.4. Rapid Development of Intensive Livestock Production with Limited Treatment of Organic Wastes

2.5. Inadequate Agricultural Extension System

2.5.1. UnderIinvestment

2.5.2. Mis-allocation of Investment Funds

2.5.3. Over-Staffing

2.5.4. Poor Quality of Extension Staff

2.5.5. Large Amounts of Time That Have To Be Spent on Duties not Related to Extension

2.6. Overuse of Nitrogen Fertilizer Because of the Failure to Take Account of the Agronomic, Economic and Environmental Optimum Application Rate

2.7. Over-Fertilization Behaviour of Farmer Under Open Market Conditions

3. Policy Recommendations to Reduce Non-point Pollution from Agriculture in China

3.1. Policy Recommendations

3.1.1. Reassessment of China's Grain Self-Sufficiency Requirements

3.1.2. Change the Regional Structure of Grain Production

3.1.3. Promote Farmers Associations

3.1.4. Raise Environmental Awareness throughout China

3.2. Improvements in Environmental Legislation Recommendations

3.2.1. Tighter Controls on the Discharge of Organic Waste

3.2.2. Promotion of the Recycling of Organic Manure

3.2.3. Prevention of Pesticides Pollution

3.3. Improvement of Technology Delivery Systems.

3.3.1. Monitoring the Farmland Quality and Environmental Capacity

3.3.2. Reform the Agricultural Extension System

3.3.3. Widen the Uptake of Proven High Efficiency Fertilization Technology

3.3.4. Implementation of Comprehensive River Basin Planning and Management

Chapter 4 POLLUTION MANAGEMENT: 4'M CONCEPT

Introduction

M: Man [1 - 4]

M: Money [4]

M: Material [4, 7]

M: Management [4]

1. Maximizing the Collaboration

2. Minimizing the Problem

Chapter 5 PATHWAY ANALYSIS, ALTERNATIVE NODE ALLOCATION AND DECISION MAKING: TOOLS FOR MANAGEMENT OF CASES OF POLLUTION

Pathway Analysis

Alternative Node Allocation [3 - 6]

Decision Making [3 - 6]

Chapter 6 TRADE AND GLOBAL POLLUTION UNDER DYNAMIC GAMES OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

1.Introduction

2.TheModel

2.1.Autarky

2.2.IntegratedWorldMarket

3.CooperationonEnvironmentalPolicy

3.1.TheCooperativeSolutionunderAutarky

3.2.TheCooperativeSolutionunderFreeTrade

3.3.TheEffectsofTrade

4.DynamicNoncooperativePolicyGames

4.1.ThePolicyGameEquilibriumunderAutarky

4.2.ThePolicyGameEquilibriumunderFreeTrade

5.TheEffectsofTradeunderNoncooperativeEnvironmentalPolicy

5.1.Steady-StatePollutionLevels

5.2.Steady-StateWelfare

6.SegmentedMarkets

7.Conclusion

AppendixA:ProofofProposition1

AppendixB:DerivationoftheMarkovPerfectNashEquilibria

AppendixC:ProofofProposition3

INDEX.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-62100-037-0

OCLC:

767733549