Energy resources : development, distribution and exploitation / Enner Herenio de Alcântara, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Alcântara, Enner Herenio de.

Series:

Energy science, engineering and technology series.

Energy policies, politics and prices series.

Energy science, engineering and technology

Energy policies, politics and prices

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Power resources.

Power resources--Brazil.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (254 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, 2012.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

There is an increase in the projection of future electricity demand across the globe. In the projections from the International Energy Outlook 2010 (IEO2010), the total energy consumption will increase by 49% from 2007 to 2035 (1.4% per year). Based on those reports, it is seen that the use of energy will increase over that time (considering world oil prices will remain relatively high through most of the projection period). There is also an effort being made to search for sustainable and clean energy, like as generated by wind, solar, wave, tide, geothermal and hydroelectricity. This book takes in consideration the following themes: wind power generation, bioenergy, nuclear energy, hydroelectric energy and energy transportation.

Contents:

Intro

ENERGY RESOURCES

CONTENTS

PREFACE

ASSESSMENT OF THE WIND POWER POTENTIAL OF HYDROELECTRIC RESERVOIRS

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

DATA SET AND METHODS

Study Area

METEOROLOGICAL DATASET

THE POWER LAW PROFILE

PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION

FITNESS OF THE WEIBULL PDF

WIND SPEED PERSISTENCE

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Winds Probability

Periods of Turbine Activity

Wind Power Density

The Modification of Airflow by Local Topography

Morphology of the Reservoirs' Valleys

Managing Dry Periods with Wind-Hydro Integration

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

APPENDIX A

The Behavior of the Planetary Boundary Layer for Tropical Reservoirs

REFERENCES

BIOENERGY IN CENTRAL EUROPE - RECENT DEVELOPMENTS, INTERNATIONAL BIOFUEL TRADE AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

1. INTRODUCTION AND OUTLINE

2. THE CONTRIBUTION OF BIOMASS TO THE ENERGY SUPPLY

2.1. The Structure of Energy Consumption in Central Europe

2.2. The Contribution of Bioenergy in Central Europe

2.2.1. The Structure of Biomass Use and Recent Developments

2.2.2. Biofuels for Transport

2.2.3. Support Schemes for Bioenergy

2.3. The Development of Bioenergy Use in Austria

3. CROSS-BORDER TRADE OF BIOMASS FOR ENERGY

3.1. Methodological Aspects

3.2. Net Imports and Exports of Biomass

3.2.1. Wood and Wood Waste

3.2.2. Wood Pellets

3.2.3. Indirect Imports of Wood Residues

3.2.4. Liquid Biofuels for Transport

3.3. Streams of Wood Biomass in Central Europe

3.4. Cross-Border Trade Related to Bioenergy Use in Austria

3.4.1. Biomass Trade According to Energy Statistics

3.4.2. Cross-Border Trade of Biofuels

Biodiesel

Bioethanol

3.4.3. Indirect Cross-Border Trade of Wood-Based Fuels

3.4.4. Summary

3.5. The Impact of Biodiesel Production on International Trade Streams.

4. POTENTIALS AND PROSPECTS FOR AN ENHANCED USE OF BIOENERGY IN CENTRAL EUROPE

4.1. Bioenergy in the Context of Eu Energy Policy

4.2. Review and Discussion of Biomass Potentials in Literature

5. DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS

5.1. Recent Developments in Bioenergy Use in CE

5.2. International Biomass Trade

5.3. Resource Potentials

5.4. Towards the 2020-Targets

EMERGENCY PLANNING ZONE: CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NUCLEAR ENERGY AND EXPLOITATION OF ITS PROCESS HEAT

1. INTRODUCTION

2. SECTION ONE: THE EPZ

2.1. IAEA's Definition of EPZ

2.1.1. Precautionary Action Zone (PAZ)

2.1.2. Urgent Protective Action Planning Zone (UPZ)

2.1.3. Long Term Protective Action Planning Zone (LPZ)

3. DEFINITION OF EPZ BY NRC

3.1. Exclusion Area (EA or EAB)

3.2. Low Population Zone (LPZ)

3.3. Plume Exposure Pathway and Ingestion Exposure Pathway Zones

4. EPZS WORLDWIDE

4.1. Differences in EPZ Regulations around the World

4.2. EPZ Reduction and the Role of Small Reactors

4.2.1. Attempts to Reduce the EPZ

4.2.2. EPZ Reduction/Elimination Goals

4.2.3. Correlation between Size and EPZ Dimension

5. SECTION TWO: POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS IN THE EPZ

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Low Temperature Applications

5.2.1. Nuclear District Heating

5.2.2. Technical Requirements for Nuclear District Heating

Required Temperatures

Suitable Reactors

Distance from the User

Capacity

Load Factor

Expected Availability of a Heat Distribution Network

Availability Factor

Backup Capacity

Heat Storage

Safety

Conclusion

5.3. NUCLEAR PROCESS HEAT

5.3.1. Technical Requirements for Nuclear Process Heat

Distance from the Customer

Annual Load Factor.

Needed Availability Factor

5.3.2. Market for Nuclear Process Heat

Market Fragmentation

Process Heat Users: Main Industries

Worldwide Experiences in Nuclear Process Heat

Siting and Construction

The Role of SMRs in Nuclear Process Heat

5.4. High Temperature Applications

5.4.1. Gasification via Nuclear Heat

Technological Options

Feedstock

Products and Applications

5.4.2. Hydrogen Production via Nuclear Heat

Market Perspectives

Hydrogen Production Methods

Process Requirements

Nuclear Reactor Selection

Economics of H2 Production

Economics of H2 Distribution

5.4.3. Shale Oil Extraction

Shale Oil Reserves in the World

5.4.3.1. Shale Oil Extraction Technologies

Surface Mining

In-Situ Refining

Nuclear Energy as a Source of Heat for In-Situ Shale Oil Recovery

Economics

Environmental Considerations

LIGNIN: A PEBBLE IN THE SHOE OF BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION

1. PLANT CELL WALL STRUCTURE

2. PLANT CELL WALL COMPOSITION

3. BIOSYNTHESIS OF LIGNIN

3.1. Biosynthesis of Monolignols

3.2. Lignification

4. INTERFERENCE OF LIGNIN IN THE SACCHARIFICATION PROCESS

5. LIGNIN ENGINEERING

6. PERSPECTIVES IN LIGNIN ENGINEERING

CARBON DYNAMIC AND EMISSIONS IN BRAZILIAN HYDROPOWER RESERVOIRS

1.1. Context

2. STUDY SITE AND METHODS

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1. Input and Output by the rivers

3.2. Sediment Carbon Concentration and Fluxes

4. PROCESSES IN WATER COLUMN

5. FLUX IN WATER - AIR INTERFACE

5.1. Diffusive Flux

5.2. Bubble Flux

5.3. Factors Controlling the Flux

5.3.1. Age

5.3.2. Climate Dynamics

5.3.2.1. Effects of Cold Fronts in the Stratification of Manso Reservoir.

5.3.2.2. Effects of Cold Fronts in Greenhouse Gases (GHG) Emissions in Corumbá Reservoir

5.3.2.3. River Power

5.3.2.4 Wind Power

5.4. Spatial Variability

5.4.1. CO2-EQ. Fluxes at Water-Atmosphere Interface

EFFICIENCY OF FOREST CHIP TRANSPORTATION FROM RUSSIAN KARELIA TO FINLAND

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1. Analysis of Forest Chip Transportation Efficiency

2.2. Laboratory Analysis of the Quality of Forest Chips Supplied from Russia to Finland

2.3. Interviews with Forest Chip Truck Drivers

3. RESULTS

3.1. Efficiency of Forest Chip Transportation

3.2. Quality of Forest Chips Supplied from Russia to Finland

3.3. Opinions of Forest Chip Truck Drivers

INDEX.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher.

ISBN:

1-62417-349-7

OCLC:

834136788