Irrigation management, technologies and environmental impact / M. Hossain Ali, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Ali, M. Hossain.

Series:

Environmental science, engineering and technology

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Irrigation--Management.

Irrigation.

Irrigation--Environmental aspects.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (325 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

[Hauppauge] NY : Nova Publishers, 2013.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Todays irrigation management faces challenges and competition with other sectors (ie, household, industry, and environmental), quality degradation, and uncertain climatic conditions. To cope with these situations, the irrigation managers need precise estimation/determination of irrigation needs for crops, advance/water-saving techniques for water application, water conservation approaches, economic considerations in irrigation, and potentials for using marginal quality water in irrigation (such as saline water, and waste-water). This book focuses on all of the above issues: starting with irrigation management strategies for field crops to suitability of saline and wastewater as irrigation water. The book is useful to identify the need and adopt emerging technologies for irrigation management, as well as to identify appropriate methodologies for social, economic, and environmental benefits of improved irrigation management.

Contents:

Intro

IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT, TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT,TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

CONTENTS

PREFACE

IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT OF FIELD CROPS: RICE

ABSTRACT

1. ORIGIN, HISTORY, AND CLASSIFICATION OF RICE

1.1. General Overview

1.2. Origin and Diffusion

1.3. Domestication

1.4. Hybrids

1.5. Outline of the Rice Life History

The Basic Processes of the Life History of Rice Can Be Applied to Any Cultivation System, with Some Modification.

1.6. Classification

2. RICE MORPHOLOGY

2.1. Root Characteristics and Its Behavior

2.2. Water and Nutrient Uptake by Root System

Water and Nutrient Uptake by Old and New Roots

Root Characteristics Related to Drought Resistance

3. GROWTH PHASES AND STAGES OF RICE PLANT

Vegetative Phase

Reproductive Stage

Ripening Phase

4. RICE GROWING CONDITION: SOIL AND WEATHER

4.1. Soil Types

4.2. Effect of Climate

4.3. Solar Radiation

4.4. Solar Radiation Requirement at Different Growth Stages

4.5. Critical Low and High Temperature

4.6. Effect of Water Deficit on Growth and Yield

4.7. Effect of Water Excess on Growth and Yield

5. RICE CULTIVATION METHODS

5.1. Transplanting Method

5.2. Wet Seeding Method

5.3. Dry Seeding Method

6. WATER REQUIREMENT IN RICE FIELD

6.1. General Overview

6.2. Growth Phase Wise Water Requirement of Rice

Water Requirement during Land Preparation Period

Evapotranspiration (ET)

Seepage and Percolation (S&amp

P)

Water Balance

Estimation of Water Requirement For Rice

When to Irrigate and How Much Water to Apply

7. IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

7.1. Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) Method

Practical Implementation of AWD

Field Water Tube

7.2. Supplemental Irrigation by Rain Water Harvesting for Drought Mitigation.

What is Supplemental Irrigation?

Role of Supplemental Irrigation

Timely Transplanting

Early Drought Mitigation

Terminal Drought Mitigation

Determination of Time for Supplemental Irrigation

Adoption of Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) Method

Adoption of Irrigation Three Days after Disappearing Standing Water

Forecasting of Rainfall

Determination of Supplemental Irrigation Quantity

Sources of Supplemental Irrigation

Surface Water

On Farm Rainwater Harvest

Ground Water

Methods of Application for Supplemental Irrigation

Impact of Supplemental Irrigation

Economics of Supplemental Irrigation

8. IRRIGATION APPLICATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM

8.1. Irrigation Application System

Gravity-Flow Systems

Pressurized Systems

8.2. Irrigation Drainage Systems

9. OTHER PRACTICES AFFECTING IRRIGATION

9.1. Nutrient and Pest Management

9.2. Erosion Control

9.3. Water Conservation

9.4. Irrigation Technology and Environmental Benefits

10. FACTORS AFFECTING TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION

10.1. Capital Requirements

10.2. Technology Information

10.3. Water Cost

10.4. Water Supply

11. EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT ON YIELD AND WATER PRODUCTIVITY OF INBRED, HYBRID AND AEROBIC RICE VARIETIES

REFERENCES

THE SAP FLOW TECHNIQUE: A PRECISE MEANS TO ESTIMATE WATER CONSUMPTION OF YOUNG OLIVE TREES (OLEA EUROPAEA L.)

1. INTRODUCTION

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1. Experimental Site

2.2. Olive Orchard and Crop Management Practices

2.3. Measurements

2.4. Instrumentation and Sap Flux Measurements at Field Level

2.5. Probe Calibration Experiment

2.6. Conductive Stem Section Experiment

2.7. Calculation of the Whole-Tree Sap Flow

3. RESULTS

3.1. Probe Calibration

3.2. Water-Conducting Wood Section

3.3. Signal Courses

3.4. Sap Flow Density Courses.

3.5. Sap Flux Variations

3.5.1. Sensor Direction

3.5.2. Sensor Type

3.5.3. Weather and Watering Conditions

3.5.4. Leaf Conductance

3.6. Annual Sap Flux Course and Transpiration Rates

4. DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

DEDICATION

RESPONSES OF APPLE TO PARTIAL ROOT-ZONE DRYING: A REVIEW

INTRODUCTION

REGULATED DEFICIT IRRIGATION

PARTIAL ROOT-ZONE DRYING

Soil Moisture

Plant Water Status

Vegetative Growth

Yields

Fruit Quality

CONCLUSION

FIELD STUDIES ON THE USE OF SALINE WATER FOR DEFICIT IRRIGATION IN ARID TUNISIA

2. DEFICIT IRRIGATION OF THE POTATO CROP

3. COMBINED EFFECTS OF SALINITY AND NITROGENON POTATO PRODUCTION

4. USE OF DRIP AND FURROW IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

5. SURFACE DRIP VS SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION METHODS

6. DEFICIT IRRIGATION OF THE CARROT CROP

7. DEFICIT IRRIGATION OF MILLET

8. DEFICIT IRRIGATION OF BARLEY

9. ALTERNATIVE WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

WATER CONSERVATION INTERVENTIONS IN PAKISTAN AGRICULTURE FOR ACHIEVING FOOD SECURITY: SYNTHESIS AND NEW EVIDENCE

1. BACKGROUND

1.1. Past, Present and Future Water Scenarios

1.2. Traditional Irrigation Practices

1.3. Current Crop and Water Productivities

2. WATER CONSERVATION TECHNOLOGIES

2.1. Scope and Constraints

2.2. Water Saving Technologies

2.2.1. Watercourse Improvement

2.2.2. LASER Land Leveling

2.2.3. Zero Tillage Technology

Advantages of Zero Tillage

2.2.4. Bed &amp

Furrow Irrigation System / Bed Planting

Situation in Punjab and Pakistan

2.3. Pilot Areas Studies

2.3.1. Rice-Wheat Consortium Project

2.3.2. Permanent Raised Bed Project

Project Objectives

Project Targets.

2.3.3. Cereal Systems Initiative in South Asia (CSISA) Project

2.3.4. On Farm Research and Development Component LCC Rehabilitation Project

2.3.5. Future Thrust and Realization

3. RAISED BED TECHNOLOGY

3.1. Definition

3.2. Size of Bed-Furrow Systems

3.3. Design of Bed-Furrow Planting Machine

3.3.1. Salient Features of the Bed Planting Machine

3.4. Planting of Crops on Bed-Furrow System

Wheat

Plant Population

Irrigation Water Saving in Wheat

Wheat Grain Yield

Intercropping of Sugarcane in Bed Planted Wheat

Maize

Cotton

Rice

4. UP-SCALING WATER CONSERVATION INTERVENTIONS

4.1. Water Shortage Scenario and Water Management Options

4.2. Water Management Options

4.2.1. Bed Furrow Planting (Raised Bed Technology)

4.2.2. Drip Irrigation

4.2.3. Use of Treated Wastewater for Agriculture

4.2.4. Change in Cropping Pattern

4.3. Water Saving Potential under RCTs

4.4. Summary and Recommendation for Institutional and Policy Reforms

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

ASSESSING SUITABILITY OF GROUNDWATER FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSE IN COASTAL JORF AQUIFER, SOUTHEASTERN TUNISIA: GEOSTATISTICAL APPROAC

1.1. Background

1.2. Approaches of groundwater suitability assessment

2. CHEMICAL WATER COMPOSITION

3. WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT PARAMETERS

3.1. Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR)

3.2. Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (MAR)

3.3. Sodium Percentage (%Na)

3.4. Permeability Index (PI)

3.5. Kelly's index (KI)

4. A CASE STUDY: COASTAL JORF AQUIFER, SOUTHEASTERN TUNISIA

4.1. Study Area and Geological Setting

4.2. Data Sampling and Analysis

4.3. Groundwater Chemical Composition and Origin of Salinity

4.4. Assessment of Water Quality for Irrigation Purpose

4.4.1. Geostatistical Analysis

4.4.2. Groundwater Assessment for Irrigation Use.

Total Dissolved Salts

Sodium Percentage

Sodium Adsorption Ratio

Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (MAR) and Permeability Index (PI)

Kelly's Index

4.5. Richards Classification

4.6. Salinity Hazard of Groundwater Resource Degradation

ASSESSING THE FACTORS INFLUENCING GROUNDWATER IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION IN GHANA

2. GROUNDWATER IRRIGATION POTENTIAL IN GHANA

3. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

4. DATA DESCRIPTION

5. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

CONCLUSION AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS

IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT: EFFECTS OF SOYBEAN DISEASES ON SEED COMPOSITION IN GENOTYPES DIFFERING IN DISEASE RESISTANCE UNDER IRRIGATED AND NONIRRIGATED CONDITIONS

2. SOYBEAN IRRIGATION AND IRRIGATION TECHNIQUES

2.1. Water Use

2.2. Scheduling

2.3. Scientific Methods of Scheduling Irrigations

2.3.1. Tensiometers

2.3.2. Granular Matrix Sensors

2.3.3. The Waterbalance Method

2.4. Improving Efficiency

3. MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1. Charcoal Rot Experiment

3.1.1. Growth Conditions

3.1.2. Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis

3.2. Phomopsis Experiment

3.2.1. Growth Conditions

3.2.2. Inoculation and Disease Rating

3.2.3. Data Analysis

3.3. General Materials and Methods for Charcoal Rot and Phomopsis Experiments

3.3.1. Seed Analysis for Protein, Oil, and Fatty Acids

3.3.2. Seed Analysis for Sucrose, Raffinose, and Stachyose

3.3.3. Analysis of Isoflavones

3.3.4. Seed Mineral Composition

3.3.5. Boron Measurement

3.3.6. Phosphorus Measurement

4. RESULTS

4.1. Charcoal Rot

4.1.1. Effects on Seed Protein, Oil, Fatty Acids, and Sugars under Irrigated Conditions

4.1.2. Effects on Seed Minerals and Isoflavones under Irrigated Conditions.

4.1.3. Effects on Seed Protein, Oil, Fatty Acids, and Sugars under Nonirrigated Conditions.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-62417-870-7

OCLC:

923668739