The pineal gland and melatonin : recent advances in development, imaging, disease and treatment / Mehmet Turgut and Raj Kumar, editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Turgut, Mehmet.

Kumar, Raj.

Series:

Endocrinology research and clinical developments.

Endocrinology research and clinical developments

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Pineal gland.

Melatonin.

Pineal gland--Diseases.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (492 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, c2012.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Written and edited by leading international authorities in the field, this book provides an in-depth review of knowledge of the developmental anatomy, imaging, benign and malignant neoplasms of the pineal gland, and their treatment by endoscopic techniques and surgical procedures.

Contents:

Intro

THE PINEAL GLAND AND MELATONIN RECENT ADVANCES IN DEVELOPMENT, IMAGING, DISEASE AND TREATMENT

Contents

Foreword

Preface

The Allegory of the Kônarion: A Philosophical History of the Pineal Organ from Galen to Descartes

Abstract

Introduction

Galenic Assumptions

The Medieval Pineal Organ

The Cartesian Pineal Paradigm

Conclusion

References

Pineal Oculopotency: Factors and Developmental Milieu for Pineal Cell Differentiation

1. Introduction

2. Development of Avian Pineal Organs and Inductive Tissue Interaction

3. Pineal Retinopotency in Cell Culture of the Developing Rat

3.1. Differentiation of Rod Cell in Rat Pineal Culture

3.2. Differentiation of Neuronal Cells and Other Type of Cells in Rat Pineal Culture

4. Pineal Retinopotency in Cell Culture of the Avian Embryos

4.1. Regulation of Different Types of Photoreceptor Differentiation in Avian Pineal Cultures

4.2. Differentiation of Neuronal and Endocrinal Cells in Avian Pineal Culture

5. Pineal Oculopotency and Regulatory Factors

5.1. Lens Cell Differentiation

5.2. Differentiation of Pigment Epithelial Cells

5.3. Differentiation of Skeletal Muscle Fibers

6. Pineal Retinopotency Revealed by Reaggregated 3D-Spheres from Developing Pineal Cells

Conclusive Remarks and Perspectives

Acknowledgments

Anatomy of the Human Pineal Gland

Internal Structure of the Human Pineal Gland

Blood Supply of the Human Pineal Gland

A. Pineal Arteries

Medial Posterior Choroidal Artery

Collicular Artery

Superior Cerebellar Artery

Posterior Pericallosal Artery

B. Pineal Veins.

Neural Innervation of the Human Pineal Gland

A. Sympathetic Innervation

B. Parasympathetic Innervation

Structures Surrounding the Pineal Gland

A. Neural Structures Surrounding the Pineal Gland

B. Subarachnoid Cisterns Surrounding the Pineal Gland

Development and Histology of the Pineal Gland in Humans

Melatonin

Embryology of Human Pineal Gland

Histology of the Pineal Gland

The Cells of Pineal Gland

Pinealocyte

Interstitial Cells

Perivascular Phagocytes

Neurons

Peptidergic Neuron-Like Cells

Pineal Gland in Mammalian Fetus

Histology of the Pineal Gland in the Elderly Human

The Vascular Architectural and Functional Features in the Pineal Gland

Vascular Architectural Features

Pineal Arteries

Pineal Veins

Internal Vasculature of the Pineal Gland

Functional Features

Barrier Function

Secretory Function

Pineal Gland, Melatonin and Hypoxia

Development of the Pineal Gland

Cells in the Pineal Gland

Changes in the Pineal Gland in Hypoxic Injury

Hypoxic Injury and the Central Nervous System

Melatonin, Blood-Brain Barrier and Edema

Melatonin and Hypoxic Injury to the Developing Brain

Pineal Gland: Neurobiology, Physiology and Molecular Pathways

Pineal Gland Neurobiology

Pineal Gland Physiology

Molecular Pathways of Pineal Gland

Biological Significance of the Pineal Gland and the Melatonin

Circadian and Seasonal Cycle Regulation

Antioxidant Function of Melatonin

Immune Response of Melatonin

Melatonin and Sleep

Biologic Rhythms, Melatonin and Sleep.

Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders and Melatonin

Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome

Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome

Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Cycles in Blind Individuals

Irregular Sleep-Wake Rhythm (ISWR)

Time Zone Change (Jet Lag)

Night Shift Work

Older Individuals

Pharmacologic Treatment

Chronobiotic Effects

Hypnotic Effects

Side Effects

Melatonin and Ocular Physiology

Light Control of Pineal Melatonin Secretion

Melatonin Synthesis and Receptors

Melatonin Synthesis and Action within the Eye

The Retina

Intraocular Pressure

The Lens

The Cornea

The Sclera

The Choroid

Tear Film

Conclusions

Melatonin and its Role in the Inflammatory Processes

Melatonin and Inflammatory Cells

Melatonin and Cytokines

Melatonin and Inflammation

Melatonin and Inflammatory Enzymes

Melatonin in Injury and Repair

Melatonin and Inflammatory Diseases

Role of Pineal Melatonin in Gastroprotection

Pineal Gland and Melatonin as the Important Mediators of the Gastric Secretion and Gastric Mucosal Integrity

Mechanism of the Gastroprotective and Ulcer Healing Actions of Melatonin. Role of Cyclooxygenase (COX) and Nitric Oxide (NOS) Synthase Products

Importance of Brain-Gut Axis and Pineal Gland in the Gastroprotection and Ulcer Healing by Melatonin and L-Tryptophan

Interaction of Exogenous and Endogenous Melatonin with Specific Melatonin Receptors and GIT Hormones in the Mechanism of Ulcer Healing

Possible Therapeutic Value of Melatonin in Alzheimer's Disease

Melatonin and Alzheimer's Disease

Melatonin and Amyloid-Β: Antioxidant, Antifibrillogenic and Cytoskeletal Effects.

Melatonin Levels in Alzheimer's Disease

Sleep-Wake and Circadian Rhythm Abnormalities in AD Patients

Melatonin as a Therapeutic Agent for Alzheimer's Disease

Melatonin in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Melatonin as an Adjuvant Agent in Treatment of Malignant Tumours

Anti-Oxydative Activity of Melatonin

Receptor-Mediated Activity of Melatonin

Immunostimulatory Activity of Melatonin

Effect of Melatonin on Tumour Cells in Experimental Studies

Studies Conducted In Vitro

Studies on Experimental Animals

Attempts to Apply Melatonin in Anti-Neoplastic Therapy in Humans

Attempts to Apply Melatonin in Anti-Neoplastic Therapy

Protective Activity of Melatonin during Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy

The Pineal Gland, Melatonin and Scoliosis

Experimental Scoliosis - Pinealectomy and Melatonin

Anatomic Similarities and Differences between Animal Models and Idiopathic Scoliosis

Genetic Considerations in Animal Models and Idiopathic Scoliosis

Melatonin and Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Melatonin and Calmodulin

Melatonin, Growth and Maturation

Melatonin, Osteoblasts and Osteoporosis

Idiopathic Scoliosis and Brain Dysfunction/Lesions

Clinical Signs of the Pineal Tumors

Intracranial Hypertension Signs

1. Headaches

2. Nausea and Vomiting

3. Visual Disturbances

4. Miscellaneous

Eye Signs in Pineal Region Tumors

1. Functional Anatomy of the Mesencephalon

2. Parinaud Syndrome

3. Argyll-Robertson Syndrome

4. Nystagmus Retractorius

5. Other Ocular Signs

Endocrinal Disorders in Pineal Tumors

1. Diabetes Insipidus

2. Precocious Puberty

3. Central Hypogonadism

4. Miscellaneous.

Non-Specific Signs in Pineal Tumors

Acknowledgment

Imaging of Pineal Region

I. Imaging Methods and Radiological Features of Pineal Gland

II. Radiological Anatomy

III. Classification of Pineal Lesions

1. Developmental and Metabolic Abnormalities

2. Nonneoplastic Masses

3. Primary Tumors of Pineal Gland

A) Tumors of Germ Cell Origin

I). Tumors with Embryonic Differentiation

II) Tumors with Extraembryonic Differentiation

B) Tumors of Pineal Parenchyma

C) Neoplasms of Supporting Elements or Adjacent Tissues

4. Systemic Tumors Affecting the Pineal Gland

5. Vascular Lesions

6. Infectious, Inflammatory and Granulomatous Diseases

Pineal Apoplexy

Clinical Presentation

Risk Factors

Differential Diagnosis

Imaging Findings

Management Options and Outcomes

Pineal Cysts

Incidence

Imaging

Pathology

Clinical Findings

Natural History

Management

Epidermoid Cysts of the Pineal Region

Clinical Features

Radiological Diagnosis

Embryology, Pathology and Surgical Considerations

Surgical Treatment

Outcome

Summary of Our Experience

Radiological Features

Surgery

Outcome Analysis

Pineal Region Tumors with Special References to Benign Tumors of the Pineal Region

Neuroanatomy

Classification of Pineal Tumors

Germ-cell Tumors

Pineal Parenchymal Tumors

Other Lesions

Tumors of the Supporting Tissue

Pineal Cyst

Histology

Low-grade Astrocytoma

Oligodendroglioma

Meningioma

Lipoma

Teratoma

Hemangioblastoma

Choroid Plexus Neoplasm.

Clinical Presentation.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-62081-807-8

OCLC:

923667088