Body fat : composition, measurements and reduction procedures / Julie Bienertová-Vašků, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Bienertová-Vašků, Julie.

Series:

Nutrition and diet research progress series.

Public health in the 21st century series.

Nutrition and diet research progress

Public health in the 21st century

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Adipose tissues.

Obesity.

Body composition.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (188 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, c2011.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

A person's body fat percentage is the total weight of the person's fat divided by the person's weight and consists of essential body fat and storage body fat. Essential body fat is necessary to maintain life and reproductive functions. In this book, the authors present current research in the composition, measurement and reduction procedures of body fat. Topics discussed include body composition measurements; MSG intake suppresses caloric intake, weight gain, and fat deposition in female rats; body mass index and fat distribution among circumpolar people; and, body fat in individuals with Down Syndrome and adipsin as a new biomarker of body fat distribution.

Contents:

Intro

BODY FAT: COMPOSITION, MEASUREMENTS AND REDUCTION PROCEDURES

CONTENTS

PREFACE

CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID (CLA) AS A BODY FAT REDUCING AGENT

ABSTRACT

1. BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO OBESITY

1.1. Concept and Determinants of Obesity

1.2. Co-Morbidities Associated with Obesity

1.3. Social Impact and Healthcare Burden of Obesity

2. AN OVERVIEW ON CLA

2.1. Biosynthesis of CLA

2.2. Dietary CLA Intake

2.3. Incorporation and Metabolism of CLA

2.4. Biological Effects of CLA

3. BODY FAT REDUCTION MECHANISMS INDUCED BY CLA

3.1. Modulation of Energy Balance

3.2. Effects on Adipogenesis

3.2.1. Preadipocyte Proliferation and Differentiation

3.2.2. Reduction of Adipocyte Size

3.2.3. Increase of Apoptosis

3.3. Regulation of Lipid Metabolism

3.3.1. Suppression of Lipogenesis

3.3.2. Increase of Lipolysis

3.4. Influence on Inflammatory Response

3.5. Induction of Insulin Resistance

4. DISPARATE OUTCOMES FOR HUMANS

5. SAFETY HEALTH CONCERNS

CONCLUDING REMARKS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

MEASUREMENTS OF BODY FAT, FAT-FREE-MASS AND FLUID VOLUMES BY MEDICAL AND FOOT-TO-FOOT IMPEDANCEMETERS

INTRODUCTION

PRINCIPLES OF FFM, BF AND TBW MEASUREMENTS BY IMPEDANCE

A. Determination of TBW and FFM by BIA Methods

B. Limits of Empirical Equations Based on Wrist-Ankle Resistance

C. Determination of ECW, TBW and FFM by BIS Methods

D. Calculation of ECW Volume Using BIS Method and Resistance at 50khz

MEASUREMENTS OF BODY COMPOSITION BY FOOT-TO-FOOT IMPEDANCEMETERS

A. Measurements of FFM and BF

B. Measurements of ECW and TBW Volumes by FFI

MEASUREMENTS OF LIMBS FFM AND BF BY THE EIGHT-ELECTRODES METHOD

A. Methods and Equipment

B. Determination of Appendicular FFM.

C. Calculations of Appendicular BF

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF BODY COMPOSITION MEASUREMENTS BY BIOIMPEDANCE

A. Application to Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa

B. Application to Monitoring Refeeding of AN Patients

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

BODY COMPOSITION MEASUREMENTS: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE

BODY COMPOSITION

Body Fat Mass versus Percentage Body Fat

Lean Body Mass

BODY COMPOSITION MEASUREMENTS

Anthropometric Approach

Height/Weight Measurements

Body Mass Index

Computation

Circumference/Girth Measurements

Computations

Skinfold Measurement

DENSITOMETRIC APPROACH

Hydrostatic [Underwater] Weighing

Air Displacement Plethysmography

ELECTRICAL APPROACH

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis

Total Body Electrical Conductivity

RADIATION AND NUCLEAR-BASED APPROACH

Radiography

Photon Absorptiometry

Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry

Near Infrared Interactance

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Isotope Dilution

Ultrasonography

PREDICTION EQUATION APPROACH

HEALTH IMPLICATIONS OF BODY FAT

OBESITY AND WEIGHT CONTROL

Nutrition Treatment of Obesity

Drug Treatment of Obesity

Exercise Treatment of Obesity

Surgical Treatment of Obesity

Lifestyle and Behavioural Modification

MSG INTAKE SUPPRESSES CALORIC INTAKE, WEIGHT GAIN, AND FAT DEPOSITION IN FEMALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS

NONSTANDARD ABBREVIATIONS

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Diets

Animals

Blood Pressure and Blood Analysis

Abdominal Fat Imaging

Calculation of Fat Mass and Lean Mass in the Abdomen

Statistical Analysis

RESULTS

Weaning Body Weight

Weight Gain and Naso-Anal Length

Food Intake, Fluid Intake, and MSG Preference

Caloric Intake

Blood Pressure

Blood Biomarkers.

Intra-Abdominal Fat Mass

Subcutaneous Fat Mass

Lean Mass

Plasma Leptin and Sex Steroid Hormones

Energy Homeostasis

Sensing Mechanisms for Dietary Glutamate

MSG Effects on Body Weight and Fat Mass in Humans

RELATIONSHIPS OF BODY FAT, GENDER, AND ETHNICITY TO THE BODY IMAGE PERCEPTIONS OF PREADOLESCENT CHILDREN

BODY IMAGE

GENDER AND ETHNICITY DIFFERENCES IN BODY IMAGE DISSATISFACTION

METHOD

Participants

Materials and Procedure

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS

TIME COURSE OF CHANGES IN BODY FAT, BLOOD PRESSURE, C-REACTIVE PROTEIN, AND PHYSICAL FUNCTION DURING 8-MONTH EXERCISE TRAINING IN OLDER ADULTS

METHODS

Participants and Study Design

Intervention

Assessments

Anthropometrics and Body Composition

Resting Heart Rate and Blood Pressure

Biochemical Analysis

Aerobic Fitness

Hand-Grip Strength

Physical Activity Levels

Daily Energy Intake

BODY MASS INDEX AND FAT DISTRIBUTION IN CIRCUMPOLAR PEOPLES: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF OBESITY AND FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF LIFESTYLE

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL USE OF THE BODY MASS INDEX

CRITIQUE OF THE BODY MASS INDEX

PHYSIQUE OF TRADITIONAL CIRCUMPOLAR POPULATIONS AND BODY MASS INDEX

DISTRIBUTION OF BODY FAT IN TRADITIONAL INUIT

SECULAR CHANGES IN INUIT PHYSIQUE

SECULAR CHANGES IN BODY MASS INDEX AND SKINFOLD READINGS OF NORTHERN PEOPLES

CONSEQUENCES OF INCREASED BODY FAT FOR THE HEALTH OF NORTHERN PEOPLES

THE WAY FORWARD

BODY FAT IN INDIVIDUALS WITH DOWN SYNDROME: MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION

1. INTRODUCTION

2. ASSESSING BODY COMPOSITION IN PERSONSWITH DOWN SYNDROME

2.1. Field Methods.

2.2. Laboratory Methods

2.3. Sexual Dimorphism

3. POSSIBLE CAUSES OF OVERWEIGHT, OBESITY AND EXCESS OF BODY FAT IN DOWN SYNDROME

CONCLUSIONS

ADIPSIN (COMPLEMENT FACTOR D) AS A NEW BIOMARKER OF BODY FAT DISTRIBUTION IN EXTREMELY OBESE CENTRAL-EUROPEAN POPULATION

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Study Subjects

Anthropometric Characteristics

Dietary Intake

Statistics

Relationship between Adipsin Plasma Levels and Anthropometric Characteristics (BMI, Waist: Hip Ratio, Total Body Fat, Skinfold Thickness)

Relationship between Adipsin Plasma Levels and Dietary Composition and Food Preferences of the Study Subjects

Relationship between Adipsin Plasma Levels and Leptin and Adiponectin Plasma Levels

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

INDEX.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record and cip data provided by publisher.

ISBN:

1-62081-512-5

OCLC:

780442593