Apolipoproteins : regulatory functions, health effects and role in disease / Adrik D. Sidorov and Misha Y. Nikitin, editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Sidorov, Adrik D.

Nikitin, Misha Y.

Series:

Protein biochemistry, synthesis, structure, and cellular functions series.

Protein science and engineering.

Protein biochemistry, synthesis, structure and cellular functions

Protein science and engineering

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Apolipoproteins.

Apolipoproteins--Health aspects.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (166 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Biomedical, 2012.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Apolipoproteins are proteins that bind lipids (oil-soluble substances such as fat and cholesterol) to form lipoproteins. They transport the lipids through the lymphatic and circulatory systems. Apolipoproteins also serve as enzyme cofactors, receptor ligands, and lipid transfer carriers that regulate the metabolism of lipoproteins and their uptake in tissues. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the regulatory functions, health effects and role in disease of apolipoproteins. Topics include macrophages, apolipoproteins, steroid hormones and molecular mechanisms of cell proliferation; formation of discoidal apolipoprotein A-1 lipid bound complexes; the role of apolipoprotein E in cardiovascular and renal disease; the functional variants and mutations of the apolipoprotein A5 gene in human pathology; and regulation of FGF-1 of ApoE/HDL generation in astrocytes.

Contents:

Intro

APOLIPOPROTEINS: REGULATORY FUNCTIONS, HEALTH EFFECTS AND ROLE IN DISEASE

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Contents

Preface

Chapter I: Macrophages, Lipo (APO) Proteins, Steroid Hormones, and Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Proliferation

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Material and Methods

2.1. The Model of Investigation

2.2. Biochemical Methods

2.3. Analysis of HDL and Cortisol Effects on Chromatin Activity in the Liver Cell Nuclei

2.4. Preparation of the Fraction of Acidic Nonhistone Proteins of the Nuclei Isolated from Various Tissues

2.5. Isolation of Lipoproteins, Production of Apolipoprotein A-I

2.6. Isolation of Liver Cells, Analysis of DNA and Protein Synthesis in Hepatocytes

2.7. Determination of Lipoprotein Binding Ability of the Cells

2.8. Choice of Interaction Sites between THC-ApoA-I Complex and DNA

2.9. Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS)

3. Results

3.1. Mechanisms of Cell Proliferation after PLR and Their Relation with the Activity of Resident Macrophages

3.2. The Effect of Resident Macrophages on Protein and Apolipoprotein Biosynthesis in a Regenerating Liver

3.3. The Effect of Cortisol (THC)-ApoA-I Complex on In Vitro Biosynthesis of Protein and DNA in the Liver Cells

3.4. Molecular Mechanisms of DNA Reduplication during Cell Division

3.5. Contribution of Macrophages to the Mechanism of Intracellular Regeneration of Various Organs and Tissues

Conclusion

References

Chapter II: Current Concepts on the Formation of Discoidal Apolipoprotein A-I Lipid Bound Complexes: From Picket Fences to a Double-Belt Model via Inter-Ring Rotation of Apolipoprotein A-I Monomers

I. Introduction.

I.1. The Structural Arrangement for Apolipoprotein A-I Discoidal Pucks, Competing Models Picket-Fence and Double-Belt

I.2. Disease Specific Mutants of ApoA-I (Paris and Milan) Point to Double-Belt Model for Remodeling Complexes

II. Methods Used in Modeling the Dynamic Motion of the Double Belt Models

II.1. Revisiting the Methods in Detail from the MdMD Method for Biasing

III. A Discussion of the Current Understanding of the Inter-Ring Rotation of the Double Belt Model via MD Biasing

III.1. Rotation of the Monomer Rings of ApoA-I is Possible with a Biasing Potential

I.2. 'Ring Rotation' Has an Independent Feature

III.3. The Effect of Using MdMD for Biasing the Rotation of the Monomer Rings of ApoA-I

III.4. Implications for HDL Structure as a Result from the Remodeled Complexes Found in Molecular Dynamics

III.5. Interactions between the Two Protein Monomers during Rotation Intervals

III.6. Detailed Analysis of the Conformations

Concluding Remarks on the Findings from MdMD Biasing Methods for Probing ApoA-I Structural Arrangement during Dynamic Remodeling Events

Chapter III: Understanding the Role of Apolipoprotein E in Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases

Introduction

Apolipoprotein E and Atherosclerosis

Apolipoprotein E and Diabetes

Apolipoprotein E and Kidney Diseases

Chapter IV: Role of Functional Variants and Mutations of the Apolipoprotein A5 Gene in Human Pathology

Discovery of Apolipoprotein A5

Structure and Molecular Interactions of Apolipoprotein A5

Apolipoprotein A5 Mouse Models and Metabolic Experiments

Apolipoprotein A5 Molecular Mechanism and Mode of Action

Common Polymorphisms in Apoa5

g.-1131T&gt

C (rs662799)

g.IVS3+476G&gt

A (rs2072560)

g.1259T&gt

C (rs2266788)

c.56C&gt.

G (p.Ser19Trp, rs3135506)

Haplotypes

Naturally Occurring Rare Functional Variants and Mutations

Acknowledgment

Chapter V: Mechanism of Antiinflammatory Action of the High Density Lipoproteins and Apolipoprotein A-I

Materials and Methods

Results

Analysis of Interaction of Blood Plasma Lipoproteins with Bacterial and Yeast Polysaccharides

Transfer LPS Complexed with apoA-I into Hepatocytes

Influence of Lipoproteins and Lipoproteins-bound Polysaccharides on IL-1β Production by Tumor-associated Macrophages

Chapter VI: Apolipoprotein A-I Motifs in Discoidal High Density Lipoproteins Influence Lecithin: Cholesterol Acyltransferase Activity

Abbreviations

2. Materials and Methods

2.1. Materials

2.2. Methods

2.2.1. Preparation and Characterization of Apolipoprotein/DPPC/Chol Complexes

2.2.2. rHDL-LCAT Binding Assay

2.2.3. Kinetic Model

2.2.4. The Influence of Altered ApoA-I Structure on LCAT Activity

3.1. Influence of ApoA-I Structure on LCAT Activity

3.2. LCAT Binding to rHDL with Plasma and D139-170 apoA-I

3.3. LCAT Activity with Native and D139-170 Apolipoproteins

Discussion

Chapter VII: Regulation by FGF-1 of apoE/HDL Generation in Astrocytes

1. HDL Generation Mediated by Endogenous apoE and Exogenous apoA-I in Astrocytes

2. Regulation by FGF-1 of apoE/HDL Generation

3. FGF-1 Release from Astrocytes

4. Brain Protection from Injury and Stress by FGF-1 and apoE/HDL

5. Production and Function of FGF-1 and apoE/lipoproteins in Alzheimar's Desease

Index.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher; resource not viewed.

ISBN:

1-62257-498-2

OCLC:

923666869