Water quality : indicators, human impact and environmental health / You-Gan Wang, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Wang, You-Gan.

Series:

Water resource planning, development and management series.

Water resource planning, development and management

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Water quality.

Water quality--Environmental aspects.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (321 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Publishers, c2013.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Water quality is fundamental for our health and affects the environment we share with other animals including marine, freshwater and terrestrial species. Water quality is often managed based on indicators for levels of bacteria and other chemical/physical contents. To assist in better management and monitoring of water quality, this book provides an overview of state of the art assessments of water quality; with an understanding how water quality is affected, and improving water quality for irrigation, drinking and recreation activities.

Contents:

Intro

WATER QUALITYINDICATORS, HUMAN IMPACTAND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

CONTENTS

PREFACE

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Chapter 1WATER QUALITY INDICES FROM UNBALANCEDSPATIO-TEMPORAL MONITORING DESIGNS

ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Current Approaches to Water Quality Assessment

1.2. Limitations and Strengths

1.3. New Approaches to Water Quality Assessment

2. WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT METHODS

2.1. Non-Compliance Scores

2.2. Amplitude Scores

2.3. Forming Overall Water Quality Indices

3. AN APPLICATION

3.1. Non-Compliance

3.2. Amplitude

3.3. Final Water Quality Index

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 2ESTIMATES OF LIKELIHOOD AND RISK ASSOCIATEDWITH SYDNEY DRINKING WATER SUPPLY FROMRESERVOIRS, LOCAL DAMS AND FEED RIVERS

INTRODUCTION

ESTIMATING THE LIKELIHOOD USING THE FITTED MODEL

A GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE LIKELIHOODESTIMATION PROCESS

ESTIMATING THE UNCERTAINTY IN THE LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATES

ESTIMATING THE COST RISK ASSOCIATEDWITH EXCEEDING UPPER THRESHOLDS

USING A DOUBLE-SIDED TWO STAGED (MINOR OR MAJOR)STEP-PROFILE COST FUNCTION WITH AN ESCALATINGCOST FOR CONSECUTIVE MAJOR EXCEEDANCES

ESTIMATING THE UNCERTAINTY IN THE RISK ESTIMATOR,EXCLUDING ALTERED COSTS FOR CONSECUTIVE EXCEEDANCES

ASSESSING TRENDS IN THE LIKELIHOOD AND RISK

MODELS FOR ESTIMATING THE LIKELIHOOD

CONSEQUENCE - COST ESTIMATES

Costing Approach

RESULTS

FUTURE RISK ASSESSMENT CHALLENGES

ATTACHMENT A- ANALYTES FOR ASSESSMENT, FOLLOWEDBY AN EXAMPLE DATA SET

Chapter 3THREE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL MODELINGOF WATER QUALITY AND SEDIMENT-ASSOCIATEDPROCESSES IN NATURAL LAKES

WATER QUALITY PROCESSES

Phytoplankton Kinetics

Nitrogen Cycle.

Phosphorus Cycle

Dissolved Oxygen Balance

Processes in Bed Sediment Layer

SEDIMENT-ASSOCIATED WATER QUALITY PROCESSES

Effect of Sediment on the Growth of Phytoplankton

Processes of Adsorption-Desorption of Nutrients by Sediment

Mathematical Descriptions

Comparison with Experimental Measurements

Release of Nutrients from Bed Sediment

Comparison with Experimental Data

NUMERICAL MODEL DEVELOPMENT

Governing Equations

Wind_Induced Eddy Viscosity

Boundary Conditions

Numerical Solution

MODEL VALIDATION AND VERIFICATION

Model Validation for Wind-Driven Flow

Model Verification for the Mass Transport Simulation

MODEL APPLICATION TO DEEP HOLLOW LAKE

Study Area

Light Attenuation Coefficient in Deep Hollow Lake

Model Application

DISCUSSION

Comparison of Langmuir Equation and Linear Approach for Modeling theAdsorption-Desorption

Sensitivity of Chlorophyll Concentration to SS

Sensitivity of Chlorophyll Concentration to Nutrient Loadings

Chapter 4INTEGRATING MAJOR ION CHEMISTRYWITH STATISTICAL ANALYSIS FOR GEOCHEMICALASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITYIN COASTAL AQUIFER OF SAIJO PLAIN,EHIME PREFECTURE, JAPAN

2. STUDY AREA

3.METHODOLOGY

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1. General Water Chemistry

4.2. Isotopic Signature of Groundwater

4.3. Factor Analysis

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Chapter 5SUITABILITY OF GROUNDWATER OF ZEUSS-KOUTINEAQUIFER (SOUTHERN OF TUNISIA) FOR DOMESTICAND AGRICULTURAL USE

STUDY AREA

SAMPLE COLLECTION AND ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES

RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION

Physico-Chemical Parameters

Temperature and pH

Salinity

Major Ions

Chlorides and Sodium

Calcium and Magnesium

Sulfates.

Potassium

Alkalinity

Trace Elements

Hydrochemical Facies

Suitability for Drinking Purposes Using Water Quality Index (WQI)

Suitability for Irrigation

SAR Sodium Adsorption Ratio

Percent Sodium % Na

Residual Sodium Carbonate RSC

Percent Magnesium % Mg

Permeability Index

Multivariate Data Analysis

Principal Component Analysis (PCA)

Cluster Analysis (CA)

Chapter 6APPLICATION OF WATER QUALITYINDICES (WQI) AND STABLE ISOTOPES( 18O AND2H) FOR GROUNDWATERQUALITY ASSESSMENT OF THE DENSURIVER BASIN OF GHANA

METHOLOGY

Climate and Geology

Data and Field Work

Laboratory Analysis

Sample Preparation

Sample Irradiation, Counting and Analysis

Estimation of the Water Quality Index (WQI)

Heavy Metals Indexing Approach

Contamination Index (Cd)

Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI)

Heavy Metal Evaluation Index (HEI)

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Water Quality Index (WQI)

Groundwater and Surface Water Classification

Heavy Metal Pollution Indices

Comparison of the Three Indices

Water for Irrigation Purpose

Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR)

Sodium Percentage (%Na)

Residual Sodium Carbonate

Permeability Index (PI)

Stable Isotope Analysis

Rain Water Isotopic Composition

Groundwater Isotopic Composition

Origin of Groundwater

Deuterium Excess (D-excess)

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Chapter 7EVALUATION OF COMMUNITY WATER QUALITYMONITORING AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES,AND CONCEPTUALIZATION OF A COMMUNITYEMPOWERMENT MODEL: A CASE STUDY OFLUVUVHU CATCHMENT, SOUTH AFRICA

2. THE STUDY AREA

3. METHODOLOGY

3.1. Water Quality Monitoring.

3.2. Community Surveys

3.3. Sampling

3.3.1. Water Sampling Points

3.3.2. Community Sampling

3.4. Analysis of Data from Community Survey

4. RESULTS

4.1. Water Quality Monitoring and Contemporary Management Practice

4.2. Indigenous Knowledge and Community Perceptions Relating to WaterQuality Monitoring

4.3. Community Participation in Water Quality Monitoring andManagement

4.4. Water Scarcity and Failure by Service Providers to Supply AdequateAmounts of Water

4.5. Exposure to Polluted Water

4.6. Weaknesses in the Contemporary Water Quality Monitoring andManagement Practices

4.7. Fragmented Structure of the Decentralised Health Services

6. RECOMMENDED CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR COMMUNITYEMPOWERMENT IN WATER QUALITY MONITORING ANDMANAGEMENT

6.1. Conceptualised Participatory Community Based Water QualityMonitoring and Management Model

6.2. Technical Framework

6.3. Community Empowerment Framework

Case study 1: Start - up of participatory community planning in MexicoFrom: FAO. 1997. Communication for Rural Development in Mexico: In Good Timesand Bad. By Fraser, C. and Restrepo-Estrada Rome

Case study 2: Comparison of Inputs and Outputs of ten IPM versus ten Non-IPM RiceFarmers in West Sumatra, IndonesiaFrom: FAO .1993. IPM Farmer Training: The Indonesian Case, Jogyakarta: FAO -IPM Secretariat

6.4. Communication Framework

Chapter 8THE FATE AND PERSISTENCE OF THEANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUND TRICLOSANAND ITS INFLUENCE ON WATER QUALITY

2. WHAT IS TRICLOSAN AND WHY IS IT USED?

2.1. General Properties of Triclosan

2.2. Antimicrobial Properties and Mechanisms of Action of Triclosan onBacteria

3. WHY ARE THERE CONCERNS REGARDINGTHE USE OF TRICLOSAN?

3.1. Use of Triclosan and Resulting Concerns

3.2. Bacterial Resistance to Triclosan.

3.2.1. Triclosan Resistance and Adapted Resistance in Bacteria

3.2.2. Mechanisms of Resistance to Triclosan

3.2.3. Resistance via Biodegradation?

4. TRICLOSAN IN THE ENVIRONMENT

4.1. Detection of Triclosan and its Effects on the Water and WastewaterEnvironment

4.2. Wastewater Treatment Process and Triclosan Removal Efficiency

4.3. Mechanisms Involved in Triclosan Removal from Activated SludgeWastewater Processes

4.3.1. Flow of Triclosan in Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Process

4.3.2. Variable Contribution of Different Triclosan Removal Mechanisms

4.3.3. Biodegradation as a Primary Mechanism to Be Promoted for Triclosan Removal

5. THE BIOCHEMISTRY AND GENETICS OF TRICLOSANDEGRADATION-WHAT IS KNOWN?

5.1. Microorganisms Involved in Triclosan Biodegradation and PossiblePathways

5.2. Isolation and Growth of P. citronellolis F12 on Triclosan

5.3. Tentative Identification of Biodegradation Intermediates

5.4. Genes Involved in Triclosan Catabolism are Plasmid Encoded

6. TRICLOSAN AND SELECTION OF ANTIMICROBIALRESISTANT BACTERIA

6.1. Evidence for Triclosan Induced Multiple Resistance

6.2. Could Wastewater Play a Role in the Amplification of AntibioticResistant Bacteria?

Chapter 9WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT METHODS:THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

1.1. Methods of Biological Evaluation of Water Quality

1.2. Fish Health as Criteria of Water Quality

1.3. Dose-Effect Dependencies and Critical Levels of Water Pollution: CaseStudy of Arctic Lake Imandra Served As Example

Chapter 10WATER QUALITY IMPACTS ON HUMAN POPULATIONHEALTH IN MINING-AND-METALLURGICALINDUSTRY REGIONS, RUSSIA

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

3. RESULTS

3.1. Water Quality.

3.2. Characteristic of Water Pollution Near Water Intakes and WhenSupplied to the Population.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher.

ISBN:

1-62417-112-5

OCLC:

923663346