Nicotine addiction : prevention, health effects and treatment options / Giuseppe Di Giovanni, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Di Giovanni, Giuseppe.

Series:

Substance abuse assessment, interventions and treatment series.

Substance abuse assessment, interventions and treatment

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Nicotine addiction--Prevention.

Nicotine addiction.

Nicotine addiction--Treatment.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (295 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

[Hauppauge] N.Y. : Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2012.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Smoking tobacco presents serious social problems with major impacts on public health. It is estimated that 25-30% of the general population in western countries are currently smoking. Tobacco use is the major preventable cause of death in the United States, responsible for more than 400,000 deaths annually. Within the USA and Europe, 70% of all smokers have tried to quit smoking at least once, but only about 6% of these succeeded in maintaining abstinence. This book covers the latest nicotine-related research. The selection of chapters has a certain unity as physiologic, pathologic and psychological themes run through the book and supply the logical connections between the various authors. This work is intended as a contribution to the reversal of the current tobacco epidemic and thereby to preventing many of the deaths attributable to tobacco predicted in this century.

Contents:

Intro

Contents

Preface

Chapter 1

Nicotine Addiction and Treatment: Recent Advances

Abstract

Introduction

Nicotine Addiction

Involvement of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Involvement of Neurotransmitters

Dopamine

Glutamate

GABA

Endocanabinoid System

Endogenous Opioid System

5-HT

Norepinephrine

Involvement of Monoamine Oxidase

Neuronal Function

Health Effects

Prevention

Therapeutic Option

Nicotine Therapy

Non-Nicotine Therapy

Bupropion

Varenicline

Nicotine Vaccine

Research Advances

Conclusion

Acknowledgment

References

Chapter 2

Serotonin-Dopamine Interaction in Nicotine Addiction: Focus on 5-HT2C Receptors

Dopamine Systems

Serotonin Systems

5-HT Receptors Localization

The 5-HT2 Receptor Family

Effects of Nicotine on Central Dopaminergic Function

Effects of Nicotine on Central Serotonergic Function

Serotonin 2C (5-HT2C) and Nicotine Rewarding Properties

Serotonergic Drug Treatment for Smoking Cessation

Acknowledgments

Chapter 3

Defining the Role of the Hippocampus in Nicotine Addiction

Canonical View of Reward and Addiction

Connectivity between the Hippocampus and the Reward Circuitry

Nicotine-Associated Contexts and Cues

Hippocampal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors, Plasticity and Addiction

Hippocampus, Stress and Withdrawal

Towards a Hippocampus Model for Nicotine Addiction

Chapter 4

Nicotine, Neurodegeneration, and Neuroprotection in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Nicotine Neuroprotection

in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Nicotine and Alzheimer's Disease

Nicotine Influence on Cognitive Impairment.

Nicotine, the Cholinergic System and Alzheimer's Disease

Nicotine and Parkinson's Disease

Nicotine and the Pathology of Parkinson's Disease

Nicotine and other Memory Disorders

Nicotine Neuroprotection in Neural Injury

Nicotine Neuroprotection in Psychiatric Disorders

Nicotine and Schizophrenia

Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Schizophrenia

Auditory Evoked Potential Inhibition Deficits in Schizophrenia

Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement Deficits in Schizophrenia

Prepulse Inhibition of Startle Response Deficits in Schizophrenia

Neuropsychological Impairments in Schizophrenia

Pharmacologic Interventions Targeting the Nicotinic Acetylcholine System

Nicotine and Bipolar Mood Disorder

Symptom Progression in Smoking Bipolar Patients

Genetics of Bipolar Disorder and Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Chapter 5

Stress as a Risk Factor for Transition to Heightened Nicotine Intake: Evidence from a Rat Model of Nicotine Self-Administration

Materials and Methods

Subjects

Self-Administration Apparatus

Food Training

Surgery

Nicotine Self-Administration

Effect of Pharmacological Stress on Nicotine Intake

Statistical Analyses

Results

Nicotine Self-Administration in the LNT and HNT Rats

Effect of Yohimbine on Nicotine Self-Administration in the LNT Rats

Effect of Yohimbine on Nicotine Self-Administration in the HNT Rats

Effect of Yohimbine in Saline-Trained Rats

Discussion

Chapter 6

Smoking, Nicotine and Depression: A Review

General Aspects of Nicotine

Pharmacology

Metabolism

Nicotinic Receptors

General Characteristics of Depression

Smoking, Nicotine and Depression

Epidemiology.

Hypothesis on the Increase in Indexes of Smoking among Patients with Major Depression

Interaction Mechanisms of Nicotine in Depressive Disorders

Chapter 7

New Psychological Approaches in Nicotine Addiction

Cessation

Relapse Prevention

Chapter 8

Cognitive Consequences of Adolescent and Adult Nicotine Exposure: Utility of Animal Models

Benefits of Rat Models for Studying Developmental Processes in Drug Addiction

The Utility of the Rat as an Experimental Model of Adolescent Nicotine Exposure

Hallmarks of Adolescence in the Rat

Effects of Adult Nicotine Exposure on Cognition in Animals

Effects of Adolescent Nicotine Exposure on Neural Development and Cognition in Animals

Chapter 9

Psychosocial Risk Factors for Smoking and Nicotine Dependence: Implications for Prevention and Treatment

Purpose of Study

Background

Properties and Effects of Nicotine

Mechanism of Nicotine Dependence

Theoretical Framework

Neurobiological Model

Associative Learning Model

Depression

Smoking Expectancies

The Personality Trait of Neuroticism

Childhood Adversity

Methodology of the Study

Sample

Measures

Data Collection

Implications for Treatment: Assessment

Nicotine Replacement Therapy

Anti-Depressant Therapy

Varencline

Strategies to Motivate Change and Prevent Relapse

Case Study

Further Recommendations

Chapter 10

Effects Associated with the Structure of Adsorbents on the Degrees to Which Nicotine, Tar and CO are Reduced in Tobacco Smoke

Introduction.

Novel Materials Efficient For Reducing Nicotine, Tar and CO Contents

Preparation of Cigarette Samples

Composite Filter

Chemical Composition of the Mainstream Tobacco Smoke

Efficiency of the Sorption Removal

The Factor of Selectivity

Specific Sorption Capacity of Investigated Material

The Effects of a Hydrophilic Type Zeolite on the Degree of Reduction of Nicotine, Tar and CO in Tobacco Smoke

The Effects Associated with the Degree of Hydrophobicity of the Zeolite on the Degree of Reduction of Tobacco Smoke Components

The Effects Associated With the Type of Amorphous Material on the Degree of Reduction of Tobacco Smoke Components

Chapter 11

Kinetics of Nicotine Bonding Onto and Release from Poly (Acrylic -co-Methacrylic Acid) Hydrogel

Poly(Acrylic Acid-Cco-Methacrylic Acid) Hydrogel Synthesis

Nicotine Bonding and Release

Poly(Acrylic Acid-co-methacrylic Acid) Hydrogel Synthesis

Nicotine Bonding

Nicotine Release

Isothermal Kinetics of Nicotine Bonding and Release

Models of Kinetic Nicotine Bonding to the Hydrogel

The Kinetics Model of Nicotine Release from the Hydrogel

Index

Blank Page.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-62081-344-0

OCLC:

833161358