Lipase : functions, synthesis and role in disease / Hamdi Sassi, Sofien Cannamela, editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Sassi, Hamdi.

Cannamela, Sofien.

Series:

Biotechnology in agriculture, industry and medicine series.

Biochemistry research trends series.

Biochemistry research trends

Biotechnology in agriculture, industry and medicine

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Lipase--Industrial applications.

Lipase.

Lipase--Therapeutic use.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (237 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Biomedical, Nova Science Publishers, c2012.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Lipases are ubiquitous enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols to glycerols and free fatty acids. Due to their characteristics of enantioselectivity and regioselectivity and stability in organic solvents, they have gained importance in industrial applications. In this book, the authors examine the functions, synthesis and role in disease of lipases. Topics discussed include the action of lipases as a biotechnological tool; fungal lipases in biocatalysis; secreted phospholipase A2 inhibitors from cynara cardunculus L. and aloe vera extract as a potential therapeutic drug for inflammatory diseases; lipoprotein lipase activity in sickle cell nephropathy; lipases in the pharmaceutical industry; and yeast cell surface display of lipases.

Contents:

Intro

LIPASE

CONTENTS

PREFACE

ACQUISITION OF NEW PROPERTIES UNDER THE ACTION OF LIPASES AS A BIOTECHNOLOGICAL TOOL

ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION

2. LIPASE-CATALYZED MODIFICATION OF NATURAL PRODUCTS

2.1. Lipase-Catalyzed Production of Lysophospholipids

A. Natural Sources of Phospholipids

B. Lipase-Mediated Production of LPLs

C. Characterization of Produced LPLs

2.2. Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Waxes

A. What Is Wax?

B. Ester Composition of Waxes

C. Wax Ester Production

3. LIPASE-CATALYZED SYNTHESIS OF NEW DERIVATIVES

3.1. Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Triglycerides in Solvent Free Media

A. Triolein Synthesis

B. Synthesis of Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCT)

C. Synthesis of N-3 Rich Triglycerides

D. Trierucin Synthesis

E. TG Synthesis: Effect of Chain Length and Unsaturation

3.2. Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Fatty Acid Sugar Esters (FASEs)

A. Effect of the Initial Fatty Acid Concentration

B. Effect of the Initial Fructose Concentration

C. Effect of the Fatty Acid Chain Length

D. Effect of the Water Content

E. Effect of the Initial Hydrophobicity

3.3. Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Polyphenol Derivatives

A. Effect of the Polyphenol Structure

B. Effect of the Solvent

C. Effect of the Acyl Donor

E. Effect of Temperature and Reduced Pressure

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

SYNTHESIS OF ACYL SACCHARIDES AND ASCORBATES USING IMMOBILIZED LIPASE IN AN ORGANIC SOLVENT AND THEIR FUNCTIONALITIES

2. FACTORS AFFECTING THE REACTION EQUILIBRIUM OF LIPASE-CATALYZED CONDENSATION

2.1. Equilibrium Constants for the Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Acyl Hexoses

2.2. Effect of the Solvent on the Reaction Equilibrium in Tertiary Alcohol and Nitrile

2.3. Addition of Desiccant.

2.4. Improvement of the Product Concentration by the Use of a Sugar Derivative

3. KINETICS FOR THE LIPASE-CATALYZED CONDENSATION

3.1. Reactivity of Substrates for the Lipase-Catalyzed Condensation

3.2. Kinetics of the Lipase-Catalyzed Condensation of Fatty Acid and Alkyl Glucoside

3.3. Thermostability of Immobilized Lipase in 1-Alcohol

4. CONTINUOUS OR SEMI-CONTINUOUS REACTOR SYSTEMS FOR LIPASE-CATALYZED CONDENSATION

4.1. Continuous Reactor Systems of Plug Flow Type

4.2. Continuous Production of Acyl Ascorbate by a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor

4.3. Semi-Continuous Production of Kojic Acid Ester

5. FUNCTIONALITIES OF THE PRODUCTS

5.1. Surfactant Properties of Acyl Saccharides, Ascorbates and Sugar Alcohols

5.2. Bacteriostatic Activities of Acyl Saccharides and Sugar Alcohols

5.3. Antioxidative Properties of Acyl Ascorbates and Alkyl Ferulates

5.4. Oxidation of Linoleoyl Residue of its Trehalose Ester in a Micelle System

5.5. Stability of Acyl Ascorbates

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

SOLVENT-FREE BIOCATALYTIC SYNTHESIS OF POLYGLYCEROL POLYRICINOLEATE (PGPR) USING IMMOBILISED CANDIDA RUGOSA AND RHIZOPUS ARRHIZUS LIPASES

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1. Materials

2.1.1. Enzymes

2.1.2. Substrates

2.1.3. Immobilisation Reagents and Activators

2.1.4. Immobilisation Supports

2.2. Methods

2.2.1. Immobilisation by Covalent Binding

2.2.2. Immobilisation by Physical Adsorption

2.2.3. Synthesis of Polyricinoleic Acid, PR

2.2.3.1. With Free Candida rugosa Lipase

Preliminary Studies

Open Air Reactor Experiments

2.2.3.2. With Immobilised Candida rugosa Lipase vv

Vacuum Reactor Experiments

2.2.4. Synthesis of Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate, PGPR

2.2.4.1. With Free Lipase

Selection Studies.

Open Air Reactor Experiments

2.2.4.2. With Immobilised Lipase

2.2.5. Measurement of the Reaction Extension

2.2.6. Measurement of the Water Content

2.2.7. Recovery of the Immobilised Derivative

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1. Condensation of Ricinoleic Acid to Obtain Polyricinoleic Acid by Candida rugosa Lipase

3.1.1. Preliminary Studies with Free Candida rugosa Lipase

3.1.2. Immobilisation of Candida rugosa Lipase

3.1.2.1. Choice of the Immobilised Derivative

3.1.2.2. Choice of Support Activator

3.1.2.3. Influence of Enzyme Concentration and pH

3.1.2.4. Effect of Mixing in the Immobilisation Process

3.1.2.5. Comparison of Free and Immobilised Lipase

3.1.2.6. Reuse of the Immobilised Derivative

3.1.3. Production of Polyricinoleic Acid with Immobilised Candida rugosa Lipase

3.1.3.1. Influence of the Amount of Enzyme

3.1.3.2. Influence of the Temperature

3.1.3.3. Influence of the Initial Water Content

3.1.3.3. Influence of Pressure and Water Content

3.2. Esterification of Polyricinoleic Acid with Polyglycerol to Obtain PGPR

3.2.1. Screening and Selection of Lipases for the Enzymatic Production of PGPR

3.2.1.1. Selection of Lipases

3.2.1.2. Immobilisation of the Selected Lipases

3.2.2. Synthesis of Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate with Rhizopus arrhizus Lipase

3.2.2.1. Influence of Initial Water Content

3.2.2.2. Influence of Temperature

3.2.2.3. Influence of the Amount of Enzyme

3.2.2.4. Lipase Immobilisation and Comparison with Free Enzyme

3.2.2.5. Reuse of the Immobilised Derivative

3.2.2.6. Obtaining PGPR in the Vacuum Reactor

FUNGAL LIPASES: VERSATILE TOOLS FOR BIOCATALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGAL LIPASES.

BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF FUNGAL LIPASES

1. Food Industry

Fats and Oil Industry

Dairy Industry

Flavor Production

Bakery Industry

2. Detergent Industry

3. Agrochemicals

4. Biopolymers

5. Biodiesel Production

6. Environmental Management

7. Biomedical Applications

8. Cosmetics

9. Biosensors

10. Pulp and Paper Industry

11. Textile Industry

12. Leather Industry

SECRETED PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 INHIBITORS FROM CYNARA CARDUNCULUS L.AND ALOE VERA EXTRACTS AS POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC DRUG FOR INFLAMMATORY DISEASES

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Enzymes and Reagents

Extractions

Fractionation of Compounds

Assay of sPLA2 Activity

Total Phenols Determination

Assays of Antioxidant Activity

DPPH Radical Scavenging Assay

Reducing Power Assay

Statistical Analysis and Correlation Study

RESULTS

Extraction Yields of Cynara Cardunculus and Aloe Vera

Total Phenolic Contents of Aloe Vera

Antioxidant Activity of Aloe Vera

DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity

Evaluation of the PLA2 Inhibitory Effect

Leaves of Cynara Cardunculus

Stems of Cynara Cardunculus L.

Leaf Skin of Aloe Vera

Correlation Significance Study

DISCUSSION

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cynara Cardunculus L

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Aloe Vera

LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE ACTIVITY IN SICKLE CELL NEPHROPATHY: A REVIEW

RENAL CHANGES IN SICKLE CELL DISEASE

RATE OF SYNTHESIS OF LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE

Subclass

EFFECT OF RACE, ENVIRONMENT AND SEX ON LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE

Effect of Race and Environment

Effect of Sex

LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH SICKLE CELL DISEASE

EFFECTS OF ALTERED LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE ON LIPOPROTEINS IN SICKLE CELL NEPHROPATHY.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DYSLIPIDAEMIA IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

EFFECT OF INFLAMMATION AND ANTIOXIDANTS ON LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE IN SICKLE CELL DISEASE

POLYMORPHISM IN GENES THAT CODE FOR LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE AND ASSOCIATION WITH LIPID METABOLISM

LIPASES IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY: AN APPROACH FOR RACEMIC DRUGS

MICROBIAL LIPASES

Production of Microbial Lipases

Purification, Characterization and Immobilization of Microbial Lipases

RACEMIC DRUGS

General Aspects

LIPASES ON RACEMIC DRUGS

Hydrolysys Reactions

Esterification Reactions

Transesterification Reactions

Amidation Reactions

YEAST CELL SURFACE DISPLAY OF LIPASES

DEVELOPED SYSTEMS FOR YEAST SURFACE DISPLAY OF PROTEINS

C-Terminal System of Cell Surface Display

N-Terminal System of Cell Surface Display

LIPASE CELL SURFACE DISPLAY

Display of Lip2 on the Cell Surface of Y. Lipolytica

MICROBIAL LIPASES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN STRUCTURED LIPIDS

STRUCTURED LIPIDS

Generic Aspects

BIOCHEMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS OF STRUCTURED LIPIDS

OBTAINING STRUCTURED LIPIDS USING MICROBIAL LIPASES

INDEX.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 207-210) and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-62081-394-7

OCLC:

831666608