Deer : habitat, behavior and conservation / A.A. Cahler and J.P. Marsten, editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Cahler, A. A.

Marsten, J. P.

Series:

Animal science, issues, and professions series.

Animal science, issues and professions

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Deer--Ecology.

Deer.

Deer--Effect of human beings on.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (210 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science, 2012.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

This book presents topical research in the study of the habitat, behavior and conservation of deer. Topics discussed include the influence of anthropogenic disturbances on activity, behavior and heart rate of roe deer; deer as biomonitors of radioactive contamination; hunted red deer management; genetic distinctness of two endemic subspecies of deer in Korea and the effects of sika deer on vegetation in Japan.

Contents:

Intro

DEERHABITAT, BEHAVIORAND CONSERVATION

ANIMAL SCIENCE, ISSUES ANDPROFESSIONS

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

CONTENTS

PREFACE

CHAPTER 1. INFLUENCE OF ANTHROPOGENICDISTURBANCES ON ACTIVITY, BEHAVIORAND HEART RATE OF ROE DEER(CAPREOLUS CAPREOLUS) AND RED DEER(CERVUS ELAPHUS), IN CONTEXT OF THEIRDAILY AND YEARLY PATTERNS

ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Objectives

1.2. Fundamentals of Researching Stress in Wild Animals

1.2.1. Definition of Disturbance

1.2.2. Definition of Stress

1.2.3. Relevance of Investigating Stress in Animals

1.2.4. Measuring Stress

1.2.5. Habituation and Sensitization

1.2.6. Vigilance

1.3. Activity Patterns

1.3.1. Seasonal Activity Patterns

1.3.2. Circadian Rhythms

2.MATERIAL AND METHODS

2.1. The Deer Investigated

2.2. Enclosure for Disturbance Trials

2.3. Disturbance Trials

2.4. Data Acquisition and Interpretation of the Data

2.4.1. Analysis of the Long-Term Recordings

2.4.2. Analysis of the Short-Term Recordings

2.4.3. Analysis of Video Recordings

3. RESULTS

3.1. Basic Activity and Heart Rate Patterns

3.1.1. Roe Deer

3.1.1.1. Circadian and Seasonal Rhythms of Activity and Heart Rate

3.1.1.2. Influencing Factors on Activity and Heart Rate

3.1.1.3. Food Intake

3.1.1.4. Sleep

3.1.2. Red Deer

3.1.2.1. Circadian and Seasonal Rhythms of Activity and Heart Rate

3.1.2.2. Influencing Factors on Activity and Heart Rate

3.1.2.3. Food Intake

3.1.2.4. Sleep

3.2. Disturbance Trials

3.2.1. Roe Deer

3.2.1.1. Choice of Bedding Site

3.2.1.2. Activity

Total Activity

Number and Length of Resting Phases

Resting Phases during the Course of the Day

Activation through Disturbance Trials

Influence of Daytime and Season on Activation of Roe Deer.

Dependence of Roe Deer Activation on Type of Disturbance

Duration of Activation

Dependence of Duration of Activation on Type of Disturbance

3.2.1.3. Behavior

3.2.1.4. Heart Rate

Influence of Season on Heart Rate

Circadian Rhythm

Resting Heart Rate

Influence of Daytime and Season on Resting Heart Rate of Roe Deer

Influence of Number of Disturbance Trials Per Day on RestingHeart Rate of Roe Deer

Influence of Disturbance Type on Heart Rate Reactions of Roe Deer

3.2.2. Red Deer

3.2.2.1. Choice of Bedding Site

Choice of Bedding Site after Disturbances

3.2.2.2. Activity

Influence of Daytime on Activation of Red Deer

Dependence of Red Deer Activation on Type of Disturbance

3.2.2.3. Behavior

3.2.2.4. Heart Rate

4. DISCUSSION

4.1. Circadian and Seasonal Rhythms of Activity and Heart Rate

Roe Deer

Red Deer

4.2. Lunar Cycles

4.3. Disturbance Trials

4.3.1. Impact of Stimuli Types

Species Comparison (Parallels, Differences, and General ReactionPatterns of the Species after Disturbances)

4.3.2. Influence of Season and Time of Day

4.3.3. Compensation Strategies

4.3.4. Habituation

4.3.5. Synchronization of Behavior

4.3.6. Bedding Sites

4.3.7. Methodological Aspects

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 2. DEER AS BIOMONITORS OF RADIOACTIVECONTAMINATION

INTRODUCTION

DETERMINATION OF RADIONUCLIDES

SOURCES OF RADIONUCLIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT

RADIONULIDE CONTENT IN DEER

Naturally Occuring Radionuclides.

Anthropogenic Radionuclides

TRANSFER OF RADIONUCLIDES TO DEER

REMEDIATION

RADIATION DOSE TO DEER

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

CHAPTER 3. HUNTED RED DEER MANAGEMENT:ANEWTOOL FOR POPULATION SURVEY

DEER MANAGEMENT IN FRANCE DURINGTHE RECENT DECADES: AN ASSESSMENT

THE 'YHR'METHOD

PROTOCOL

TWO CASE STUDIES

Study on Broceliande Forest (Brittany)

Study on Indre District (Centre Région)

Control of The Actual Cull

Survey of YHR

Survey of Physical Condition

CHAPTER 4. LEAD POISONING FROM AMMUNITION:SEARCHING FOR THE MAGIC BULLET

LEAD SHOT OVER WETLANDS

LEAD BULLETS AND TERRESTRIAL HABITATS

HUMAN HEALTH IMPACTS

ALTERNATIVES TO LEAD BULLETS

Toxicity

Safety

Lethality

Availability

Cost

To Regulate, or Not to Regulate

CHAPTER 5. TWO GENETICALLY DISTINCT, ENDEMICSUBSPECIES OF DEER FROM KOREA(CHINESE WATER DEER HYDROPOTESINERMIS ARGYROPUS AND SIBERIAN ROEDEER CAPREOLUS PYGARGUS OCHRACEA),EXAMINED WITH NUCLEAR DNAIRBP ANDMITOCHONDRIAL DNACYTOCHROME BAND CONTROL REGION SEQUENCES, ANDTHEIR CONSERVATIONIN KOREA

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS

Chinese Water Deer

Siberian Roe Deer

DISCUSSION

CONSERVATION OF TWO ENDEMIC SUBSPECIESOF DEER IN KOREA

CHAPTER 6. EFFECTS OF SIKA DEER ON VEGETATION INJAPAN WITH REFERENCE TO DIFFERENCESBETWEEN NORTHERN AND SOUTHERNJAPAN

I. NORTHERN JAPAN

Snow and Sika Deer

Effects on Vegetation

The Zoysia japonica Community

New Phases

II. SOUTHEASTERN JAPAN

Ecology of Southern Sika Deer

Islands Inhabited by Sika Deer

INDEX.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-62100-732-4

OCLC:

831664467