Photochemistry : UV/VIS spectroscopy, photochemical reactions and photosynthesis / Karen J. Maes and Jaime M. Willems, editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Maes, Karen J.

Willems, Jaime M.

Series:

Chemical engineering methods and technology.

Chemical engineering methods and technology

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Photochemistry.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (399 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, c2011.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

This book presents current research in the study of photochemistry, including novel electron-transfer three-component visible light photoinitiating systems; photolabile molecules as light-activated switches to control biomolecular and biomaterial properties; organic photochemistry with computational methods; photoinduced transformation processes in surface waters and photochemical processes in needles of over-wintering evergreen conifers.

Contents:

Intro

PHOTOCHEMISTRY: UV/VIS SPECTROSCOPY, PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS

CONTENTS

PREFACE

THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF NOVEL ELECTRON-TRANSFER THREE-COMPONENT VISIBLE LIGHT PHOTOINITIATING SYSTEMS

ABSTRACT

ABBREVIATIONS

INTRODUCTION

THREE-COMPONENT PHOTOINITIATING SYSTEMS

THREE-COMPONENT PHOTOINITIATING SYSTEMS. REVIEW

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Polymethine Dyes as Sensitizers in the Three-Component Photoinitiating Systems

Three-Component Photoinitiating Systems Composed of Polymethine Dye/n-Butyltriphenylborate/N-Alkoxypyridinium Salt

Three-Component Photoinitiating Systems Composed of Polymethine Dye/n-Butyltriphenylborate/N,N'-Dialkoxy-2,2'-Bipyridilium Salt

Three-Component Photoinitiating Systems Composed of Polymethine Dye/n-Butyltriphenylborate/1,3,5-Triazine Derivatives

Three-Component Photoinitiating Systems Composed of Polymethine Dye/n-Butyltriphenylborate/N-Methylpicolinium Esters

Three-Component Photoinitiating Systems Composed of Polymethine Dye/n-Butyltriphenylborate/Cyclic Acetals

Three-Component Photoinitiating Systems Composed of Polymethine Dye/n-Butyltriphenylborate/Thiol

Three-Component Photoinitiating Systems Composed of Polymethine Dye/Trichloromethyl-1,3,5-Triazine/Heteroaromatic Thiol

Excited State Processes in the Excited Singlet State of Sensitizer in the Three-Component Photoinitiating Systems

Thermodynamic of Free Radicals Formation and the Application of Marcus Theory for Kinetics Study of Free Radical Polymerization of Multifunctional Acrylates

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

REFERENCES

PHOTOREACTIONS OF BENZOPHENONE IN SOLID MEDIA: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND APPLICATIONS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. PHOTOPHYSICS AND PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF BENZOPHENONE.

2.1. Photophysical Processes of Benzophenone

2.2. The Main Photoreactions Induced by Benzophenone in Organic Media

2.2.1. Hydrogen Atom Abstraction

2.2.2. Peculiar aspects in Photoreduction of Benzophenone in a Solid Matrix

2.2.3. Photoreactions of Benzophenone with Olefinic or Acetylenic Compounds.

2.2.4. Photochemical Reactions of Benzophenones in the Presence of Amine Derivatives

3. PHOTOCROSSLINKING OF POLYMERS

3.1. Photoreactions in Saturated Hydrocarbon Polymers

3.2. Photoinitiated Crosslinking of Diene Polymers

3.3. Photocrosslinking of Inorganic Polymers - Polydimethylsiloxanes

4. SURFACE PHOTOGRAFTING

5. PHOTOPHYSICS AND PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF BENZOPHENONE ADSORBED ON VARIOUS SUBSTRATES

6. CONCLUSIONS

PHOTO-CHEMICAL METHODS AS AN ALTERNATIVE METHODOLOGY IN THE DEPOSITION OF MATERIALS WITH CHEMICAL SENSOR PROPERTIES AND PHOTO-LUMINESCENT CHARACTERISTIC

1.1. Some Methods of Photodeposition

1.2. Photo-Reactivity of the Complex Precursors

2. SOME MATERIALS PHOTO-DEPOSITED PROPOSED

2.1. Zno Thin Films and Their use as Gas Sensor

2.2. Evaluation of Characteristics Luminescence of HfO2-Ln Thin Films (where: Ln = Er or Eu)

3. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS

3.1. General Procedure

3.2. Preparation of Amorphous Thin Films

3.2.1. Preparation of the Precursors Β-Dikentonate Complexes

3.2.2. Photolysis of Complexes as Films on Si (100) Surfaces

3.3. Evaluation of Gas-Sensing Properties of ZnO-M (where M= Pd or Pt)

3.4. Evaluation of the Characteristics Luminescent of the HfO2-Ln Films (where Ln= Er or Eu)

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1. Characterization of ZnO-Pd and ZnO-Pt Thins Films

4.2. Preliminary Evaluation of the Gas Sensitivity of the ZnO and ZnO-Pt Thin Films.

4.3. Characterization of HfO2-Ln Photodeposited Thin Films ( where Ln = Eu or Er)

4.4. Photoluminescence Study of HfO2-Ln Thin Films

4.5. Proposed Photoluminescence Mechanism

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

PHOTOLABILE MOLECULES AS LIGHT-ACTIVATED SWITCHES TO CONTROL BIOMOLECULAR AND BIOMATERIAL PROPERTIES

2. CAGING OF BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES

2.1. Small Biologically Relevant Molecules

2.2. Peptides and Proteins

2.3. Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

2.4. Drugs

3. PHOTOLABILE MOLECULES IN BIOLOGICAL DEVICES AND BIOMATERIALS

3.1. Patterning Biomolecules and Cells on Solid Surfaces

3.2. Biomaterials for Controlled Release

3.3. Controlling Biomaterial Physical Properties

3.4. Controlling Biomaterial Chemical Properties: Patterning Biomolecules and Cells

PHOTOSYSTEM AT HIGH TEMPERATURE: MECHANISMS OF ADAPTATION AND DAMAGE

1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION

2. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF PHOTOSYSTEMS WITH TYPE-II REACTION CENTER

2.1. Purple Bacteria

2.2. Cyanobacteria

2.3. Higher Plants

THERMAL STABILITY OF TYPE-II REACTION CENTERS

3.1. Purple Bacteria

3.2. Cyanobacteria

3.3. Higher Plants

4. HEAT-DERIVED DAMAGE OF PHOTOSYSTEMS IN HIGHER PLANT

4.1. Light-Mediated Damage of Photosystem in Heat-Stressed Higher Plants

4.2. Light-Independent Mechanisms of Damage of Photosystems in Heat-Stressed Higher Plants

5. ADAPTATION MECHANISM OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AGAINST HEAT STRESS

6. IMPROVEMENT OF HEAT TOLERANCE BY GENETIC ENGINEERING

7. INDUCTION OF HEAT TOLERANCE BY ARTIFICIAL TREATMENTS OF CHEMICALS

7.1. Ca2+

7.2. H2O2

7.3. Phytohormone

7.4. Environmental Elicitor

REFERENCES.

THE LITTLE-KNOWN WAVELENGTH EFFECT IN PROVITAMIN D PHOTOCHEMISTRY: THE AMBIGUOUS ROLE OF THE WEAK IRREVERSIBLE CHANNEL

1. COMMONLY ACCEPTED INTERPRETATION OF PROVITAMIN D PHOTOISOMERIZATION

2. SPECIFIC FEATURES OF PROVITAMIN D PHOTOISOMERIZATION UNDER XECL LASER EXCITATION AT Λ = 308 NM

2.1. Influence of Two-Photon Processes

2.2. Influence of the Radiation Wavelength

2.3. Simplified Model of Reversible Photoconversions with a Weak Irreversible Channel

3. SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE MULTICOMPONENT PHOTOISOMERIC MIXTURE

4. IRRADIATION WITH KRF AND XECL EXCIMER LASERS

4.1. The Provitamin D Photoisomerization upon Excitation with Krf Laser at the Wavelength Λ = 248 Nm

4.2. Concentration Kinetics under Irradiation with the Xecl Laser At 308 Nm

5. THE PROBLEM OF THE PHOTOCHEMICAL STAGE OPTIMIZATION IN THE INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF VITAMIN D

5.1. The Method of Two-Stage Irradiation

5.2. The Role of the Irreversible Channel Under Optically Dense Layer Conditions

6. BIOLOGICAL DOSIMETRY OF SOLAR UV RADIATION IN SITU USING AN IN VITRO MODEL OF VITAMIN D SYNTHESIS

6.1. Duality of Solar UV-B Radiation: Vitamin D Synthesis versus Skin Erythema

6.2. Spectral Selectivity of the 'D-Dosimeter'

6.3. Measurement of the Vitamin D Action Spectrum in Vitro

6.4. Inter-Relation between the in Vivo and in Vitro Action Spectra of Vitamin D Synthesis

EXPLORING ORGANIC PHOTOCHEMISTRY WITH COMPUTATIONAL METHODS: AN INTRODUCTION

1. ABSTRACT

2. INTRODUCTION

3. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

3.1. The CASSCF Method

3.2. The CASPT2 Method

3.3. The TD-DFT Methods

3.4. The Choice of a Method

4. COMPUTING THE PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTION PATH

5. PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS

5.1. Choice of the Chemical Structure

5.2. Choice of the Active Space.

5.3. Computing a Photochemical Reaction

5.4. Software

6. CASE STUDY: PHOTOCYCLOADDITION OF IMINES TO ALKENES

RECENT PROGRESS IN CHIRALITY RESEARCH USING CIRCULARLY POLARIZED LIGHT

1.1. Astrobiology

1.2. Habitability and Originability

1.3. Enantiomer and Homochirality of the Terrestrial Life

1.4. Early Earth and Early Life

1.5. The Birth Place of Our Solar System

1.6. Linear and Circular Imaging Polarimetry in Astronomy

2. ORGANIC MATERIALS AND WATER IN SPACE

2.1. Extraterrestrial Organic Matter, Amino Acid, Amino Acid Precursor, and Sugar

2.2. Extraterrestrial Water

3. ENANTIOMERIC EXCESS AND ASYMMETRIC PHOTOCHEMISTRY

3.1. Enantiomeric Excess in Meteorites and the Late Heavy Bombardment

3.2. Amino Acid and Amino Acid Precursor by Photochemistry

3.3. Enantiomeric Excess by Asymmetric Photochemistry

3.4. Asymmetric Amplification of Tiny Enantiomeric Excess for Amimo Acid and Sugar

4. CIRCULARLY POLARIZED LIGHT SOURCE IN SPACE

4.1. Possible Sources of Circular Polarization

4.2. Wide Extension of Linear and Circular Polarization in the Orion Nebula

PHOTOINDUCED TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES IN SURFACE WATERS

2. AN OVERVIEW OF PHOTOINDUCED REACTIONS IN SURFACE WATERS

2.1. Direct Photolysis Processes

2.2. Transformation Photosensitised by Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM)

2.3. Reactions induced by the Hydroxyl Radical, OH

2.4. Reactions Induced by the Carbonate Radical, CO3

2.5. Other Reactions

3. MODELLING OF THE MAIN PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS IN SURFACE WATERS

3.1. Surface-Water Absorption Spectrum

3.2. Direct Photolysis

3.3. Reactions with 3CDOM*

3.4. Reactions with OH.

3.5. Reactions with CO3.

3.6. Reactions with 1O2.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-62081-996-1

OCLC:

839303225