Tissue engineering of the aortic heart valve : fundamentals and developments / Yosry S. Morsi.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Morsi, Yosry S.

Series:

Cardiology research and clinical developments

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Aortic valve--Transplantation.

Aortic valve.

Heart valve prosthesis.

Tissue engineering.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (201 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, c2012.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

In the last 40 years, the study of aortic heart valve replacements has had its roots in the work of great clinicians, scientists and biomedical engineers who established the techniques for heart valve substitutes. Recently the research on the development of aortic heart valve replacements has shifted toward tissue engineering (TE), a multidisciplinary research that involves biological, biomaterial and bioengineering sciences. This book introduces current valve substitutes and their limitations and the futuristic tissue engineering of aortic heart valves (TEHV). It highlights the substantial achievements that have been accomplished in the last two decades in TEHV research and discusses the much needed exertion in defining the functional requirements of clinical implementation and in developing the means to produce a functional aortic valve.

Contents:

Intro

TISSUE ENGINEERING OF THE AORTIC HEART VALVE

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Contents

Preface

Chapter I Why Tissue Engineering of Heart Valve

1.1. Overview

1.2. The Book Structure

References

Chapter II Basic Introduction to Heart Valve Diseases

2.1. An Overview

2.2. Anatomy of the Heart and Valves

2.2.1. Human Heart

2.2.2. Function, Anatomy and Locations of Heart Valves

2.2.3. Atrioventricular Valves (AV Valves)

A. Tricuspid Valve

B. Mitral Valve

2.2.4. Semilunar Valves (SV)

A. Aortic Valve

B. Pulmonary Valve

2.2.5. Tissue Structure, Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM) of Aortic Valve

2.3. The Cardiac Cycle

2.4. Valvular Heart Disease (VHD)

2.4.1. Overview

2.4.2. Infective Endocarditis (Bacterial Endocarditis)

2.4.3. Myxomatus Degeneration

2.4.4. Calcific Degeneration

2.4.5. Congenital Anomalies

2.5. Diseases of Aortic Valve

2.5.1. Overview

2.5.2. Aortic Regurgitation (AR)

2.5.3. Aortic Stenosis (AS)

2.5.4. Bicuspid Aortic Valve

2.6. Valvular Heart Disease and Diagnostic Techniques

Chapter III Heart Valve Replacements

3.1. Overview

3.2. Type of Valve Replacements

3.2.1. Mechanical Valves

3.2.1.1. Mechanical Caged-Ball

3.2.1.2. Tilting-Disk Valve

3.2.2. Tissue Bio-Prosthetic Valves

3.2.2.1. Homografts or Allograft Valves

3.2.2.2. Autografts and Ross Procedure

3.2.3. Xenografts or Hetrografts

3.3. Complications and Limitations of Artificial Heart Valves: An Overview

Chapter IV Biomaterials Characterisation

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Biological Materials

4.2.1. Collagen

4.2.2. Gelatin

4.2.3. Alginate

4.2.4. Hyaluronic Acid (HA)

4.2.5. Chitin and Chitosan

4.2.6. Compound of Biological Materials

4.3. Synthetic Polymeric Materials

4.3.1. Overview.

4.3.2. Major Classes of Degradable Polymers

4.3.2.1. Poly (α-esters)

4.3.2.2. Poly (Glycolic Acid), Poly(Lactic Acid) and Their Copolymers

4.3.2.3. Poly(Caprolactone)

4.3.2.4. Poly(Propylene Fumarates)

4.3.2.5. Polyanhydrides

4.3.2.6. Polyurethane

4.3.2.7. Poly (Ether Ester Amide)

4.3.2.8. Poly (Ortho Esters)

4.3.2.9. Pseudo Poly (Amino Acid)

4.3.2.10. Poly (Alkyl Cyanoacrylates)

4.3.2.11. Polyphosphazenes

4.3.2.12. Polyphosphoester

4.3.2.13. Hydrogel Materials

4.3.3. Properties of Materials for Soft Tissue Engineering

4.4. Final Remarks

Chapter V Scaffold Fabrication Techniques

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Scaffold Fabrication Methods

5.2.1. Conventional Techniques

5.2.2. Gas Foaming

5.2.3. Fibre Bonding

5.2.4. Phase Separation

5.2.5. Particulate Leaching

5.3. Textile Technique for Manufacturing Scaffold

5.3.1. The Principle of Membranes Lamination

5.4 Rapid Prototyping

5.4.1. Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)

5.4.2. 3D Ink-jet Printing

5.4.3. Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM)

5.4.4. Stereolithography (SLA)

5.5. Electrospinning for Manufacturing of a Scaffold

5.5.1. Electrospinning Parameters

Nano-Fibrous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

5.6. Closing Remarks

Chapter VI In Vitro Conditioning- Bioreactors and ECM Generation

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Bioreactor for Tissue Engineering

6.2.1. Tissues Growth Factors

6.2.1.1. Waste Transfer

6.2.1.2. Oxygen Transfer

6.2.1.3. Hemodynamic Forces and Shear Stress

6.2.2. Types of Bioreactor for Cells Culture

6.3. Systems for Routine Cultivation

6.3.1. Petri Dishes

6.3.2. Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactors

6.4. Systems for Continuous Cultivation

6.4.1. Hollow fibre reactors

6.4.2. Rotating Wall Vessels

6.4.2.1. Rotating Perfused Wall Vessel.

6.4.2.2. High Aspect Ratio Vessel

6.4.2.3. Perfused Chamber Bioreactors

6.5. Bioreactors for Tissue Engineering Heart Valves

6.6. Final Remarks

Chapter VII Concept and Development of Tissue Engineering Aortic Heart Valve

7.1. Introduction

7.2. Decelluarization Approach

7.3. Scaffolds Made from Biocompatible Materials

7.3.1. Biological Materials

7.3.2. Polymer Scaffolds

Overview

7.4. Source of Cells

7.5. Summary of Findings and Discussion

7.6. Summary of ECM Results

7.6.1. Biochemical Stimulations of ECM

7.6.2. Mechanical Stimulation

Chapter VIII Closing Remarks and Future Challenges

8.1. Current Issues

8.2. Bioengineering Developments

8.2.1. Experimental and Numerical Validations

8.2.1.1. Geometrical Design of the Valve

8.2.1.2. Hemodynamic and Structure Analysis

8.3. Issues Related to Scaffold Selection

8.3.1. Decellularization Approach

8.3.2. Polymer and Natural Bio-Material Approach

8.3.2.1. Selection of Materials

8.3.2.2. Issues Related to Manufacturing Methods

8.4. Issues Related to Cell Culture and Sources

8.5. Mechanical Simulation

8.6. Closing Remarks

Index.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher.

ISBN:

1-61942-962-4

OCLC:

852795606