Pipelines : design, applications and safety / Miguel G. Rivero and Lautaro M. Mansillo, editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Rivero, Miguel G.

Mansillo, Lautaro M.

Series:

Construction materials and engineering.

Construction materials and engineering

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Pipelines.

Pipelines--Safety measures.

Pipelines--Design and construction.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (280 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, Inc., c2012.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

In this book, the authors gather topical research in the study of the design, applications and safety of pipelines. Topics discussed in this compilation include drinking water pipeline deterioration; stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior in buried pipeline steel; a predictive model for crack growth model of buried pipelines; internal stresses in pipeline coating; evaluation of stressed states of pipelines by ultrasound and aerial altitude gas pipelines.

Contents:

Intro

PIPELINES

CONTENTS

PREFACE

DRINKING WATER PIPELINE DETERIORATION

ABSTRACT

1. CORROSIVITY OF WATER IN DRINKING WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

2. CHARACTERIZATION OF DEPOSITS FORMED INSIDE PIPELINES

3. EXTERNAL CORROSION ON UNDERGROUND PIPELINE NETWORK: SELECTION OF THE MAIN VARIABLES THAT TAKE PLAY IN THE CORROSION OF THE STRUCTURE

4. EVALUATION OF INTERNAL CORROSION OF METALS USED IN DRINKING WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS

4.1. Corrosion of Metals Used in Water Distribution Networks

4.2. Pilot Systems to Assess Internal Corrosion in Drinking Water Network

4.3. Pilot System Study at Ayura Treatment Plant

5. ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES FOR EVALUATION OF METAL CORROSION IN DRINKING WATER

5.1. Carbon Steel and Cast Iron Pipes

5.2. Copper Pipes

5.3. Stainless Steel Pipes

6. PREDICTION OF LIFESPAN IN UNDERGROUND DISTRIBUTION WATER NETWORKS

6.1. Factors Influencing Pipeline Deterioration

6.2. Analysis of Deterioration in Pipeline Infrastructure

6.2.1. Statistical Models

6.2.2. Mechanical Models

REFERENCES

SCC BEHAVIOR IN BURIED PIPELINE STEELS: REVIEW ARTICLE

1. INTRODUCTION

2. NEAR-NEUTRAL PH AND HIGH PH SCC IN PIPELINES

2.1. High pH SCC

2.2. Near-neutral pH SCC

2.3. High pH vs Near-neutral pH SCC Crack Characteristics

3. SCC FACTORS

3.1. Metallurgy

3.2. Mechanical Properties

3.3. Pipeline Operating Conditions

3.4. Coating

3.5. Soil Conditions

4. CATHODIC PROTECTION

5. HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENTAND THE EFFECT OF ELECTRODE POTENTIAL

6. RECENT INVESTIGATIONS OF THE AUTHORS IN THE FIELD

INTRODUCTION REFERENCES

SCC FACTORS, CATHODIC PROTECTION, HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENTREFERENCES

RECENT INVESTIGATIONS OF THE AUTHORS REFERENCES

A SCIENCE-BASED MODEL FOR CRACK GROWTH OF BURIED PIPELINES UNDERGOING HIGH PH SCC

ABSTRACT.

1. INTRODUCTION

2. BASIC CONCEPTS FOR MODELING

3. LOCAL STRAIN RATE AT CRACK TIP

3.1. Near-Tip Strain Field of a Growing Crack

3.2. CTSR due to Crack-Tip Advance

3.3. CSTR due to Cyclic Load

3.4. Threshold of Crack Growth

4. LOCAL ENVIRONMENT AT CRACK TIP

5. FORMULATION OF CRACK GOWTH MODEL

6. PREDICTION OF CRACK VELOCITY

6.1. K - and f - Dependences

6.2. Effects of Potential and Anodic Current Density

6.3. Impact of Repassivation Kinetics

7. ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS

7.1. Estimation of Stress Intensity Factor

7.2. Effect of Crack Size

7.3. An Example of Remaining Lifetime Prediction

7.4. Local Environment in Coating-Disbonded Region

7.5. Fatigue and Cyclic-Load-Enhanced SCC

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

INTERNAL STRESSES IN PIPELINE COATING: MANUFACTURING PROCESS AND LIFETIME

INTRODUCTION

PART A: MANUFACTURING PROCESS

1. Three-layer Coating Description

2. Three-layer Coating Pipeline Process

3. Internal Stresses in Coating

3.1. Stresses Generated during the Process: Origins

3.2. Internal Stresses Estimations: Analytical, Experimental and Numerical Approaches

3.2.1. Analytical Approach

3.2.2. Experimental Measurements

3.2.3. Finite Element Method

4. Finite Element Analysis of Process Pipe Coating

4.1. Experimental Parameters Determination

4.1.1. Parameters Fixed with Temperature

4.1.2. Parameters vs Temperature

4.2. Viscoelastic Behaviour: Constitutive Laws [34,35]

4.2.1. Time Domain Viscoelasticity

4.2.2. Defining the Shear Behaviour

4.2.3. Numerical Implementation: Prony Series

4.2.4. Temperature Effects: Williams-Landel-Ferry Law (WLF)

4.3. Finite Element Models: Results and Analysis

4.3.1. Description of Finite Element Models.

4.3.2. Linear Thermoelastic Behaviours: All Physical Properties Independent of Temperature

4.3.2.1. Temperature Distribution

4.3.2.2. Shrinkage Values

4.3.2.3. Internal Stresses

4.3.3. Linear Thermoelastic Behaviours: Young Modulus Dependent of Temperature

4.3.4. Thermoviscoelastic Behaviours

5. Conclusion

PART B: DURABILITY IN HUMID ENVIRONMENTS

1. Definitions

2. Diffusion Kinetics

2.1. Fickian Diffusion

2.2. Non Fickian Diffusion

3. Parameters Influencing Water Diffusion

3.1. Influence of Microstructure

3.1.1. Influence of Crosslinking

3.1.2. Influence of Resin Nature

3.2. Influence of Filler Nature

3.3. Influence of Polyolefine Density

3.4. Influence of Temperature

4. Experimental Data from Literature

5. Wet Disbonding

5.1. Description of the Phenomenon

5.2. Improvement of Adherence

5.3. Adhesion Measurements of Coatings

5.4. Correlation with Diffusion Data

6. Conclusion

7. Future Trends

NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF STRESSED STATES OF PIPELINES BY ULTRASOUND

MAIN ADVANTAGES OF ACOUSTOELASTIC METHOD OF STRESS EVALUATION

ACOUSTOELASTIC INVESTIGATION OF IN-PLANE PRINCIPAL STRESSES

EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT

Main Practical Purposes of IN-5101A

NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF BIAXIAL STRESS IN A CLOSED PIPE

EVALUATION OF NON-DESIGN AXIAL STRESSES IN TECHNOLOGICAL PIPELINES

Laboratory Experiments

Evaluation of Stressed State of Pipelines

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

AERIAL ALTITUDE GAS PIPELINE

1.1. Natural Gas

1.2. Current Pipelines

Natural Gas Pipelines

Oil and Petroleum Products Pipelines

The Trans-Alaskan Pipeline

1.3. Some currently Planned Pipeline Projects

2. DESCRIPTION OF INNOVATION.

3. METHODS OF THE ESTIMATION OF THE ALTITUDE GAS PIPELINE

4. PROJECT

4.1. Main Data

4.2. Cost of Altitude Gas Pipeline

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

OUTFLOW OF GAS FROM A LIMITED VOLUME THROUGH A PIPELINE WITH FRICTION

EXPERIMEENTAL FACCILITY

MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE AND REGISTRATION OF FLOW CHARACTERISTICS

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

COMPARISON OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA WITH CALCULATIONS

ONE-DIMENSIONAL MODELS FOR CALCULATING COMPRESSIBLE GAS FLOW WITH FRICTION THROUGH PIPELINE

THEORETICAL CONSIDERATION

PIPE JOINT STRENGTH DESIGN AND SERVICE LIFE OF A PSEUDO HOMOGENEOUS ALLWELD METAL UNDER CONTINUUM FLOW

2. APPLICATION OF THE TAGUCHI METHOD WITH GREY RELATIONAL ANALYSIS

2.1. Grey Relational Analysis

2.2. Grey Relational Coefficient ijξ

2.3. Grey Relational Grade and its Order

2.4. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

2.5. Confirmation Test ῆ

3. ANALYSIS OF THE ALLOYING ELEMENTS OF THE WELDS MADE FROM THE OPTIMUM PROCESS PARAMETERS

4. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STEEL WELD AND PIPE

Tensile Strength Test

V-Notch Impact Test

Hardness Test

Chemical Composition Analysis

Weld Microstructure

5. EXPERT ASSESSMENT OF WELD STRENGTH QUALITY USING THE KENDALL'S COEFFICIENT OF CONCORDANCE

Scoring Criteria

REFERENCE

INDEX.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher.

ISBN:

1-62100-289-6

OCLC:

831667516