Modern engineering for design of liquid-propellant rocket engines / Dieter K. Huzel and David H. Huang ; revised, updated, and enlarged by Harry Arbit ... [et al.].

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Huzel, Dieter K.

Contributor:

Huang, David H., 1920-

Arbit, Harry.

Series:

Progress in astronautics and aeronautics ; v. 147.

Progress in astronautics and aeronautics, 0079-6050 ; v. 147

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Liquid propellant rocket engines--Design and construction.

Liquid propellant rocket engines.

Physical Description:

425 p. : ill.

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1992.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

From the component design, to the subsystem design, to the engine systems design, engine development and flight-vehicle application, this how-to text bridges the gap between basic physical and design principles and actual rocket-engine design as it's done in industry.

Contents:

Cover

Title

Copyright

Foreword

Preface

Table of Contents

Chapter 1. Introduction to Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines

1.1 Basic Elements of a Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine

1.2 Generation of Thrust

1.3 Gas-Flow Processes in the Combustion Chamber and Nozzle

The Perfect Gas Law

Principle of Conservation of Energy

Principle of Conservation of Matter

The Isentropic Flow Process

Gas Flow Through Liquid-Propellant Rocket Combustion Chambers

Gas Flow Through Rocket Nozzles

1.4 Performance Parameters of a Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine

Thrust-Chamber Specific Impulse (I[sub(s)])tc

Characteristic Velocity c*

Thrust Coefficient C[sub(f)]

Summary of the Influence of pa, ε, γ, R, and (p[sub(c)])ns on Engine Performance

Correction Factors and Magnitudes of Engine Performance Parameters

1.5 Liquid Propellants

Monopropellants

Bipropellants

Cryogenic Propellants

Storable Liquid Propellants

Additives for Liquid Propellants

Optimum Mixture Ratio

Density Impulse

Selection of Liquid Propellants

Liquid-Propellant Performance and Physical Properties

Chapter 2. Engine Requirements and Preliminary Design Analyses

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Major Rocket-Engine Design Parameters

Thrust Level

Performance

Duration

Mixture Ratio

Weight

Envelope (Size)

Reliability

Cost

Availability (Scheduling)

2.3 Mission Requirements

Typical Mission Goals

Typical Vehicle Requirement Optimization

2.4 Engine Preliminary Design

Engine System and Component Concepts

Preliminary Design Optimization

2.5 Design Philosophy

The Importance of Design Quality

Systems Analysis and Design Layout

Stress Analysis

Selection of Materials

Chapter 3. Introduction to Sample Calculations

3.1 Approach

3.2 A-1 Stage Engine.

General Engine-System Description

System Operation

3.3 A-2 Stage Engine

General Engine-System Description

Starting Sequence

Cutoff Sequence

3.4 A-3 Stage Engine

3.5 A-4 Stage Engine

General Engine System Description

Chapter 4. Design of Thrust Chambers and Other Combustion Devices

4.1 Basic Thrust-Chamber Elements

4.2 Thrust-Chamber Performance Parameters

Specific Impulse I[sub(s)] (s)

Characteristic Velocity c* (ft/s)

Thrust Coefficient C[sub(f)] (Dimensionless)

Performance Calculation

4.3 Thrust-Chamber Configuration Layout

Combustion-Chamber Volume

Combustion-Chamber Shape

Nozzle Expansion Area Ratio

Nozzle Shape

Clustered-Nozzle Concepts

Alternate Solution

4.4 Thrust-Chamber Cooling

Cooling Techniques and Selection

Gas-Side Heat Transfer

Regenerative Cooling

Coolant-Side Heat Transfer

Wall Design Considerations

Tubular-Wall Thrust-Chamber Design

Coaxial-Shell Thrust-Chamber Design

Pressure Drop in Cooling Passages

Channel-Wall Design

Dump Cooling

Film Cooling

Liquid-Film Cooling

Gaseous-Film Cooling

Mixture-Ratio Bias

Transpiration Cooling

Ablative Cooling

Radiation Cooling

Heat-Sink Cooling

Combined Cooling Methods

4.5 Injector Design

Injector Design Issues

Combustion Stability

Manifolds

Manifold Types

Injection Elements

Nonimpinging Elements

Unlike-Impinging Elements

Like-Impinging Elements

Other Element Types

Throttling

Injection Pressure Drop and Orifice Sizing

Experimental Evaluation of Injector Designs

Analytical Models

4.6 Gas-Generating Devices

Solid-Propellant Gas Generators

Liquid-Monopropellant Gas Generators

Liquid-Bipropellant Gas Generators.

Thrust-Chamber Gas-Tapoff Systems

4.7 Ignition Devices

Igniters

Hypergolic Igniters

Ignition Detection

4.8 Combustion Instability

Types of Instability

Intrinsic Acoustic Instabilities

Injection-Coupled Acoustic Instability

Low-Frequency Instabilities

Prevention of Triggering Mechanisms

Propellant-Feed System Design

Combustion-Chamber Design

Injector Design

Propellant Combination and Mixture Ratio

Engine-System Operating Characteristics

Application of Damping Devices

Injector Baffles

Chamber Divergent Wall Gap

Acoustic Cavities and Liners

Stability Rating

Feed-System Disturbances

Combustion-Chamber Disturbances

Spontaneous-Instability Methods

Instrumentation

Chapter 5. Design of Gas-Pressurized Propellant Feed Systems

5.1 Determination of Pressurant Requirements

Required System Data

Factors Influencing Pressurant Requirements

Design Calculations of Pressurant Requirements

5.2 Stored-Gas Systems

Commonly Used Configurations

Calculations for Stored-Gas Requirements

Design of Stored-Gas System Components

Tanks

Pressure Regulators

Thrust-Chamber Heat Exchangers

5.3 Propellant-Evaporation Systems

Pump-Fed Propellant Feed Systems

Gas-Pressurized Propellant Feed Systems

5.4 Inert-Gas-Evaporation Systems

5.5 Chemical-Reaction Systems

Liquid-Propellant Gas Generator

Direct Injection into Propellant Tank

5.6 Selection of Pressurization

Chapter 6. Design of Turbopump Propellant Feed Systems

6.1 Elements of Turbopump-Fed Systems

Propellant Pumps

Turbines

Turbine Power Sources

Turbopump-Drive Arrangements

Description of Developed Turbopump Systems

6.2 Turbopump System Performance and Design Parameters

Turbopump System Performance

Turbopump System Design Parameters.

6.3 Inducer Design

6.4 Design of Centrifugal Pumps

General Design Procedures

Operating Principles of the Centrifugal Impeller

Centrifugal-Impeller Design Elements

Design of Casings

Balancing the Axial Thrust of Centrifugal Pumps

6.5 Design of Axial-Flow Pumps

Basic Assumptions for Axial-Flow Pumps

Operation of the Impeller Rotor

Function of the Stator

Design of Impeller Rotors and Stators

Diffusion and Retardation Factors

Design of Casings for Axial Pumps

Balancing the Axial Thrust of Multistage Axial Pumps

6.6 Turbine Design

General Design Procedure

Design of Turbine Nozzles

Design of Turbine Rotor Blades

Design of Single-Stage, Two-Rotor, Velocity-Compounded Impulse Turbines

Design of Two-Stage, Two-Rotor, Pressure-Compounded Impulse Turbine

Design of Two-Stage, Two-Rotor, Low Reaction Turbine

6.7 Turbopump Rotordynamics and Mechanical Elements

Rotordynamics

Turbopump Bearing Design

Dynamic-Seal Design

Turbopump Gear Design

6.8 Design Layout of Turbopump Assemblies

6.9 References

Chapter 7. Design of Rocket-Engine Control and Condition-Monitoring Systems

7.1 CCM-Into a New Era

Basic Liquid-Propellant-Engine Control Systems

Engine Thrust-Level Control

Propellant-Mixture-Ratio and Propellant-Utilization Control

Thrust-Vector Control

CCM Concept and Preliminary Design Development

Control Methods

Control-Law Development

7.2 Design of Fluid-Flow-Control Devices

Design Considerations for Fluid-Flow-Control Components

Design of Dynamic Seals for Fluid-Control Components

Design of Seating Closures for Fluid-Control Components

Design of Propellant Valves

Design of Control Pilot Valves

Design of Servovalves

Design of Gas-Pressure Regulators

Design of Liquid-Flow and Pressure Regulators

Design of Pressure-Relief Valves.

Design of Miscellaneous Fluid-Flow-Control Components

7.3 Design of Instrumentation and Harnesses

Engine Instrumentation

Principal Types of Instrumentation

Instrumentation Installation

Engine Harnesses

Design Considerations

7.4 Avionics Architecture

Requirements Definition

Sensor-Input Requirements

Data-processing Requirements

Control of Effectors

Engine and Control Self-test

Environmental Requirements

Vehicle Interface

Controller Architecture

Function Allocation

Failure Detection and Response

Hardware Design Rules

Postflight Data Analysis

Software Requirements

7.5 References

Chapter 8. Design of Propellant Tanks

8.1 Design Configurations

Prepackaged Storable-Liquid Systems

Booster-Stage Systems

Upper-Stage Systems

8.2 Design Considerations

Propellant Properties

Shape and Size of Propellant Tank

Propellant-Tank Arrangement

Structural Loads

Safety Factors

Material and Fabrication Considerations

Design Problem

8.3 Structural Design

Spherical Tanks

Ellipsoidal and Spherical Ends (Fig. 8-6)

Cylindrical Section

Axial Compressive Loading on the Cylindrical Section

Water-Hammer Effects Due to Impact

8.4 Storable-Liquid-Propellant Tank Design

Tank-Material Compatibility

Tank Construction

Wall Surface Requirements

8.5 Cryogenic Liquid-Propellant Tank Design

Insulation Requirements for Cryogenic-Propellant Tanks

Basic Insulation Types

Selection of Tank-Insulation Designs

Insulation for Common Bulkheads

8.6 Composite Liquid-Propellant Tank Design

8.7 Design of Propellant-Tank Pressurant Diffusers

8.8 Propellant Expulsion Under Zero-Gravity or Oscillatory g-Loading Conditions

Settling

Propellant Management

Metallic Diaphragms

Elastomeric Diaphragms

Bellows

Pistons

Surface-Tension Devices.

Chapter 9. Design of Interconnecting Components and Mounts.

Notes:

"Sponsored by the Rocketdyne Division of Rockwell International."

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

1-60086-619-0

1-60086-400-7

1-60119-227-4

OCLC:

922978714