Soil microbes and environmental health / Mohammad Miransari, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Miransari, Mohammad.

Series:

Environmental research advances series.

Environmental research advances

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Soils--Environmental aspects.

Soils.

Soil microbial ecology.

Soil microbiology.

Soil pollution.

Environmental health.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (338 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Hauppauge, N.Y. : Nova Science Publishers, Inc., c2011.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Soil microbes have important functions in the ecosystem including cycling of nutrients, immobilisation and mineralisation of organic matter, controlling pathogens, improving soil structure and enhancing plant growth. This book contributes research, ideas and thoughts regarding the microbial methods by which the environment can be kept clean.

Contents:

Intro

SOIL MICROBES AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

Contents

Preface

Biosorption of Metals by Soil Bacteria

Abstract

Introduction

Bacterial Biosorbents

Factors Influencing Metal Biosorption

Cell Wall

Gram Positive Cell Wall

Gram Negative Cell Wall

S-Layer

Biosorption by Exopolysaccharides

Solution pH

Temperature

Biosorbent Dosage

Ionic Strength

Initial Solute Concentration

Agitation Rate and Period

Role of Functional Groups Involved in Biosorption

Mechanism of Biosorption

Intracellular Accumulation

Cell Surface Sorption

Precipitation

Transport across the Cell Membrane

Physical Adsorption

Ion Exchange

Complexation

Biomineralization by Ligands Produced by Microbes

Metabolism Dependent Biosorption

Enzymatic Biotransformations: Bioreduction, Biomethylation, Biodegradation

Modelling of biosorption

Method of Analysis

Conclusions

References

Soil Yeasts in Agroecosystems

1. Introduction

2. Yeasts in Soil

2.1. Yeasts in Agroecosystems and Methods of Biodiversity Detection

2.2. Mineral-Solubilizing Soil Yeasts

2.3. Soil Yeasts in the Biological Control of Phytopathogens

2.4. Soil Yeasts and the Production of Siderophores and Plant Growth Promoters

2.5. Association between Yeasts and other Soil Microorganisms in Agroecosystems

3. Final Considerations

4. References

Bacillus Thuringiensis: Soil Microbial Insecticide, Diversity and their Relationship with the Entomopathogenic Activity

General Features of Bacilus Thuringiensis

Background

Classification of Bacillus thuringiensis strain

Bacillus thuringiensis Crystal Proteins Biodiversity

Action Mode of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry Proteins

Biological Activity of B. Thuringiensis.

Ecological Context of Bacillus thuringiensis

Considerations and Perspectives

Microbial Biofertilizer Application Versus Compost Use in Agriculture: Soil Health Implications

2. Microbial Biofertilizer Use in Agriculture

2.1. Types of Microbial Biofertilizers

2.1.1. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacterial Biofertilizers

2.1.2. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Biofertilizers

2.1.3. Rhizobial Biofertilizers

2.2. Microbial Biofertilizers and Soil Health

2.3. Futuristic Potential in the Application and Development of Novel Microbial Biofertilizers

3. Compost Use in Agriculture

3.1. Compost and Soil Health in Agro-Ecosystems

3.1.1. Compost Usage and Chemical Properties of Soil

Nitrogen

Phosphorous

Potassium

Other Elements

Cation Exchange Capacity

pH Effects

Electrical Conductivity

3.1.2. Compost Usage and Physical Properties of Soil

3.1.3. Compost Usage and Biological Health of Soil

3.2. Disadvantages of Compost Usage

4. Conclusions and Future Perspectives

Effect of Chitooligosaccharides on Plant Defense Responses to Soil Pathogenic Fungi Bipolaris sorokiniana

Materials and Methods

Results and Discussion

Acknowledgments

Hyperaccumulator Endophytes and their Promising Potential in Heavy Metal Decontamination

Abbreviations

1.1. Heavy Metal Pollution

1.2. Heavy Metal Decontamination in Water

1.3. Heavy Metal Decontamination in Soil

2. Why are Heavy Metal Hyperaccumulator Endophytes (HMHE) Emerging?

3. Isolation, Distribution and Biodiversity of HMHE

3.1. Isolation Methods of HMHE

3.2. Distribution and Biodiversity of HMHE

4. Promising Potential of HMHE in Heavy Metal Bioremediaiton.

4.1. Potential of HMHE in Heavy Metal Biosorption

4.2. Potential of HMHE in Heavy Metal Bioremediation

5. Promising Potential of HMHE in Phytoremediation

6. Conclusions

Current Review on Soil Borne Fusarium Wilt Disease of Guava

Losses

Symptomlogy

Causal Organism

Fusarium Complex

Fusarium oxysporum

Forma Specials in Concern to psidii

Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc.

Epidemiology

Pathogenicity

Histopathology

Role of Virulence Factor and the Respective Genes

Spatial Patterns of Microbial Activity in Temperate Forest Soils

Spatial Patterns

Horizontal Patterns

Vertical Patterns

Effects of Causing Factors

Vegetation

Forest Management

Secondary Succession

Disturbances

Conclusions and Prospects

Role of Organic Amendments on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Formation and Function

Farmyard Manures

Green Manuring

Compost

Effluents and Sludges

Conclusion

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Parameters and Indicators of Soil Health and Functioning: Applications in Agricultural and Agroforestal Systems

Arbuscular Mycorrizal Fungi

Methods to Evaluate Soil Health Using Microorganisms

Possibilities and Restriction of AM as Soil Management Indicators

I.Estimations of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Biomass and Number

Methods Using Direct Extraction of Hyphae from Soils

Estimations of AMF Biomass Using Biochemical Markers

Bioassay for Measurement of Mycorrhiza Formation

Evaluation of AMF Spores from Soils

II. Estimations of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Activity

III. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Diversity

Trap Cultures

Functional Diversity of AMF.

IV. Plant-AMF Interactions

Agroforestry and Soil Health

Influence of Mineral Solubilizers on Growth and Biomass of Acacia Auriculiformis Cunn Ex. Berth. Grown in Nursery Conditions

Results

Discussion

Growth of Mycorrhizal Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) as Affected by Heavy Metals

Plantation Conditions

Determination of Heavy Metals Concentrations in Different Plant Tissues

Mycorrhizal Colonization

Statistical Analysis

3. Results

Heavy Metals Distribution in the Plant

Leaf, Stem, Shoot, and Root Biomass

5. Conclusions

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Alleviation of Soil Stresses

AM Fungi and Heavy Metals

AM Fungi and Soil Compaction

AM Fungi and Salinity

AM Fungi and Water Stress

Index.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher.

ISBN:

1-62417-274-1

OCLC:

923666799