Electric vehicles : technology, research and development / Gerald B. Raines, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Raines, Gerald B.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Electric vehicles.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (270 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science, c2009.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

With ever increasing concern on environmental protection and energy conservation, there is a fast growing interest in electric vehicles (EVs) from automakers, governments and customers. As electric propulsion is the core of EVs, there is a pressing need for researchers to develop advanced electric motor drives for various classes of EVs, including the battery, hybrid and fuel cell vehicles. Such issues are addressed in this book. The development and use of a fuel cell based power system for propulsion of electric aircrafts is discussed. A study done on the flight mechanics of the new aircraft, to verify the new flight performance, is also examined. Electric powered two-wheelers have risen in popularity in China over the past several years. This book investigates the growth of these electric two-wheelers in China and compares their environmental and safety impacts to those of alternative modes of transportation. Futhermore, the design and implementation of a hardware-in-the-loop system for the development, verification, and validation of algorithms used to construct state estimators for batteries and supercapacitors is addressed. There are several different kinds of devices that can be used to achieve electrochemical energy conversion. Some of these conversion technologies are reviewed, as well as their impact on the environment. The method used to control a power-train of a hybrid electric vehicle is discussed as well as how both the engine and the electric machine may achieve respective higher efficiencies after using this method. The regulated and unregulated emissions of diesel engines operating on different sulfur content fuels are also looked at. Energy efficiency issues include research and development priorities, funding for climate-related efficiency programs, implementation of equipment efficiency standards, regulation of vehicle fuel efficiency, and electricity industry ratemaking for energy efficiency profitability. Such issues are addressed in this book.

Contents:

Intro

ELECTRIC VEHICLES: TECHNOLOGY,RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

CONTENTS

PREFACE

ELECTRIC MOTOR DRIVES FOR BATTERY,HYBRID AND FUEL CELL VEHICLES

ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION

2. REVIEW

2.1. DC Motor Drives

2.2. Induction Motor Drives

2.3. Switched Reluctance Motor Drives

2.4. Permanent Magnet Brushless Motor Drives

2.4.1. Rotor-PM Brushless Motor Topologies

2.4.2. Stator-PM Brushless Motor Topologies

2.4.3. Brushless AC and DC Operations

2.4.4. Constant-Power Operation

3. EMERGING PM BRUSHLESS MOTOR DRIVES

3.1. Double-Stator PM Brushless Motor Drives

3.2. Hybrid-PM Brushless Motor Drives

3.2.1. Double-Stator Claw-Rotor Hybrid-PM Brushless Motor Topology

3.2.2. Doubly-Salient Hybrid-PM Brushless Motor Topology

3.2.3. Outer-Rotor Doubly-Salient Hybrid-PM Brushless Motor Topology

4. INTEGRATED PM BRUSHLESS MOTOR DRIVE SYSTEMS

4.1. Magnetic-Geared PM Brushless Motor Drive System

4.2. Memory-PM Brushless Integrated-Starter-Generator System

4.3. PM Brushless Electric Variable Transmission System

5. CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

REFERENCES

ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY INTER-CITY AIRCRAFT(ENFICA-FC) AND PRELIMINARY ANALYSISFOR 2-SEAT AIRCRAFT CONVERSIONINTO FUEL CELLS POWERED INNOVATIVE SYSTEM

LIST OF NOTATION

2. SELECTION OF THE MOST SUITABLE AIRCRAFT AND DESCRIPTIONOF CURRENT PROPULSION SYSTEM AND PERFORMANCE

3. H2 STORAGE SYSTEM DESIGN AND SAFETY ASPECTS

A. Design Guideline and Configuration Selection

B. Safety Aspects Preliminary Evaluation and Related Issues

4. DESIGN OF OPTIMAL PROPELLER

5. PRELIMINARY PERFORMANCE AND ANALYSISOF THE AIRCRAFT STABILITY

6. PARAMETRIC ANALYSISOF ENFICA-FC DEMONSTRATION MISSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

CLARIFYING THE DEBATE ON ELECTRICTWO-WHEELERS IN CHINA

ABSTRACT.

INTRODUCTION

ELECTRIC TWO-WHEELER TECHNOLOGY DEFINED

USER BEHAVIOR

ECONOMICS

ENVIRONMENT

Local Impacts

Non-Local Impacts

Global Impacts

Policy Response

SAFETY

MOBILITY AND ACCESSIBILITY

COST EFFECTIVENESS OF TRAVEL

EFFICIENCY OF ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE ALLOCATION

OTHER EXTERNALITIES

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

EXAMINATION OF STATE ESTIMATORS FORELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE DEVICESBY MEANS OF A HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION

SYSTEM OVERVIEW

STATE ESTIMATOR ALGORITHM

Voltage-based Model

Coulomb-based Model and Composite SOC Expression

Power Capability

TEST PROTOCOL

DISCUSSION

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

ON THE FUEL ECONOMYOF HYBRID-ELECTRIC POWERTRAINS

NOMENCLATURE

ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK

ICE powertrain

Parallel hybrid powertrain

Series hybrid powertrain

SIMULATION MODEL AND POWERTRAIN CONFIGURATIONS

Internal combustion engine model

Models of electric components

Powertrain configurations

Driving test cycle

CONTROL STRATEGY

RESULTS

Analysis of the powetrain parameters for ETC

Analysis of the powetrain parameters for ETC_0.6

Comparison of the results for relative change of the fuel consumption

Analysis of the parallel hybrid powertrain applying ultracapacitors for ETC

Impact of the electric storage efficiency on powertrain parameters

Analysis of the Powetrain parameters on the basis of different TFs

Synthesis

Impact of the electric storage efficiency on the energy conversion efficiencyof parallel and series hybrid powertrains

Analysis of the energy conversion efficiency of parallel and series hybridpowertrains for varying negative torque values

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

REFERENCES.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY POLICY: BUDGET,ELECTRICITY CONSERVATIONAND FUEL CONSERVATION ISSUES

MOST RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

BACKGROUND

Energy Efficiency Concept

Energy Efficiency Drivers

Measuring Energy Efficiency and Energy Savings

DOE Program History

DOE's Strategic and Performance Goals

ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN THE 109TH CONGRESSACTION IN THE SECOND SESSION

Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT, P.L. 109-58)

EFFICIENCY'S ROLE IN ENERGY SECURITY, BY FUEL

Electricity Demand-Side Management (DSM) to Improve Reliability

Natural Gas Conservation through Energy Efficiency in Buildingsand Equipment

Petroleum Conservation through Energy Efficiency in Vehicles

ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROGRAMS TARGETED AT CLIMATE CHANGE

Energy Efficiency and Carbon Dioxide Emissions Projections

International Context and the "No Regrets" Policy

U.S. Climate-Focused Energy Efficiency Programs

California's Regulatory Action on Automobile CO2 Emissions CouldPromote Energy Efficiency

LEGISLATION

Appropriations Bills in the Second Session

H.R 5384 (Bonilla)

H.R. 5386 (C. Taylor)

H.R 5427 (Hobson)

H.R 5522 (Kolbe)

Other Public Laws of the 109th Congress

P.L. 109-54 (H.R. 2361)

P.L. 109-171 (S. 1932)

P.L. 109-59 (H.R. 3)

Congressional Hearings, Reports, and Documents

For Additional Reading

CRS Reports

Websites

HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELL VEHICLE R&amp

D:FREEDOMCAR AND THE PRESIDENT'SHYDROGEN FUEL INITIATIVE

SUMMARY

ORGANIZATION AND FUNDING

PARTNERSHIP GOALS

DEBATE OVER THE INITIATIVES.

RESEARCH AT OTHER AGENCIES

CURRENT LEGISLATION

ISSUES FOR CONGRESSIONAL CONSIDERATION

RESEARCH AT OTHER AGENCIES

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, NATIONALHIGHWAY TRAFFFIC SAFETYADMINISTRATION: FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLESAFETY STANDARDS

OCCUPANT PROTECTIONIN INTERIOR IMPACT

SIDE IMPACT PROTECTION

FUEL SYSTEM INTEGRITY

ELECTRIC-POWEREDVEHICLES: ELECTROLYTE SPILLAGEAND ELECTRICAL SHOCK PROTECTION

SIDE IMPACTPHASE-IN REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

REPORT UNDER 5 U.S.C. 801(A)(2)(A) ON A MAJOR RULEISSUED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION,NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATIONENTITLED "FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETYSTANDARDS

OCCUPANT PROTECTION IN INTERIORIMPACT

FUEL SYSTEMINTEGRITY

ELECTRIC-POWERED VEHICLES:ELECTROLYTE SPILLAGE AND ELECTRICAL SHOCKPROTECTION

SIDE IMPACT PHASE-IN REPORTINGREQUIREMENTS" (RIN: 2127-AJ10)

Cost-benefit analysis

Agency actions relevant to the Regulatory Flexibility Act, 5 U.S.C. 603-605, 607, and 609

Agency actions relevant to sections 202-205 of the Unfunded MandatesReform Act of 1995, 2 U.S.C. 1532-1535

Other relevant information or requirements under acts and executive orders

Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. 551 et seq.

Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501-3520

Statutory authorization for the rule

Executive Order No. 12,866

Executive Order No. 13,132 (Federalism)

ADVANCED LITHIUM-ION BATTERIESFOR PLUG-IN HYBRID-ELECTRIC VEHICLES

2. STATUS OF ADVANCED BATTERY DEVELOPMENT

3. SPINEL-TITANATE BATTERY PERFORMANCE MODELING

3.1 Approach

3.2 Experimental Data

3.3 Battery Design Modeling

3.4 Impedance Modeling

4. VEHICLE SIMULATION FOR HIGH-POWER BATTERIES

4.1 Approach

4.2 Vehicle Characteristics.

4.3 Component Sizing Algorithm

4.4 Control Strategy Philosophy

4.5 Fuel Economy Results

5. CONCLUSIONS

6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

7. REFERENCES

ENERGY INDEPENDENCE AND SECURITY ACTOF 2007: A SUMMARY OF MAJOR PROVISIONS

KEY PROVISIONS

Provisions Included

Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Standards.

Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS).

Appliance and Lighting Efficiency Standards.

Provisions Excluded

Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard (RPS).

Energy Tax Subsidies.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF LEGISLATIVE ACTION

TITLE I: ENERGY SECURITY THROUGH IMPROVEDVEHICLE FUEL ECONOMY

Subtitle A, Increased Corporate Average Fuel Economy

Subtitle B, Improved Vehicle Technology

Subtitle C, Federal Vehicle Fleets

TITLE II: ENERGY SECURITY THROUGH INCREASED PRODUCTIONOF BIOFUELS

Subtitle A, Renewable Fuel Standard

Subtitle B, Biofuels Research and Development (R&amp

D)

Subtitle C, Biofuels Infrastructure

Subtitle D, Environmental Safeguards

TITLE III: ENERGY SAVINGS THROUGH IMPROVED STANDARDSFOR APPLIANCES AND LIGHTING

Subtitle A, Appliance Energy Efficiency

Subtitle B, Lighting Energy Efficiency

TITLE IV: ENERGY SAVINGS IN BUILDINGS AND INDUSTRY

Subtitle A, Residential Building Efficiency

Subtitle B, High-Performance Commercial Buildings

Subtitle C, High-Performance Federal Buildings

Subtitle D, Industrial Energy Efficiency

Subtitle E, Healthy High-Performance Schools

Subtitle F, Institutional Entities

Subtitle G, Public and Assisted Housing

Subtitle H, General Provisions

TITLE V: ENERGY SAVINGSIN GOVERNMENT AND PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS

Subtitle A, United States Capitol Complex

Subtitle B, Energy Savings Performance Contracting

Subtitle C, Energy Efficiency in Federal Agencies

Subtitle D, Energy Efficiency of Public Institutions.

Subtitle E, Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grants.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

1-61728-390-8

OCLC:

662452561