Railway transportation : policies, technology and perspectives / editor, Nicholas P. Scott.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Scott, Nicholas P.

Series:

Transportation issues, policies and R&D series.

Transportation issues, policies and R&D series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Railroads.

Railroad engineering.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (441 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

This book provides the latest scientific research regarding the importance of infrastructure charges in establishing competitive conditions in the railway market. The current charging regimes applied throughout the EU member states are analyzed as well as the planning and scheduling that determine how and when the company's resources will be used in the case of railway organizations. Railway noise emission and its reduction are considered among the most important topics in the future development of transportation systems. This book gives an overview on the noise emitted by wheels and rails from the basic emission mechanisms up to noise attenuation by means of passive/active control. The importance of the vertical track stiffness as a means to guide railway track bed design for high speed railway lines are discussed as well. A rational approach to substructure design is described, which it is hoped will further an understanding of the process of appropriate track design and enable the adaptation of existing design procedures to provide a realistic design for the conditions at hand.

Contents:

Intro

RAILWAY TRANSPORTATION: POLICIES, TECHNOLOGY AND PERSPECTIVES

CONTENTS

PREFACE

Chapter 1 RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE MARKET IN EUROPE

Abstract

I. Introduction

II. The Current State of Railway Transport in Europe

III. Combined Transport

IV. European Legislation Review

V. Railway Infrastructure Reformation and Management in the European Union

VI. Railways in South-Eastern Europe

1. Development and State of the Railways in South-Eastern Europe

2. Measures for Improving the State and Efficiency of the Railways in South Eastern Europe and Opportunities for Partnership

VII. Infratsructure Charges in EU

1. Basic Principles of Charging

2. Existing Approaches for Measuring Marginal Social Costs of the Railway Infrastructure in the EU Countries

3. Charging Approaches

4. Assessment of the Approaches

5. Requirements for Data Provision

VIII. Opportunities for Internalisation of the External Costs

IX. Key Issues for Sustainable Development of Railways in EU

1. Sustainability and Transport Policy

1.1. Economic Sustainability-Creating Incentives for Efficient Response to Needs

1.2. Environmental Sustainability-Promoting More Livable Settlements and Reducing External Effects

1.3. Social Sustainability-Reducing Poverty

2. Sustainability Requires Policy and Institutional Reform

2.1. Criteria for Strategic Development

X. Conclusion

References

Chapter 2 EXPLAINING OCCUPANCY RATES IN THE EUROPEAN RAILWAYS: A REDUCED-FORM APPROACH

1. Introduction

2. Determinants of Occupancy Rate9

3. Empirical Specification and Data

3.1. Reduced-Form Equation

3.2. Explanatory Variables

3.3. Sample and Data

4. Empirical Results

5. Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References.

Chapter 3 RAILWAY-GENERATED MAGNETIC FIELD: ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

1. Biological Effects of Railway Magnetic Field Environment

1.1. Introduction

1.2. Epidemiological Studies on Transport Employees

1.2.1. Malignant Diseases

1.2.2. Cardiovascular Diseases

1.3. Ulf-Elf Magnetic Field Environment

1.3.1. General characteristics

1.3.2. Natural Geomagnetic Background

1.3.3. Technological Fields at Power Frequencies

1.3.4. Railway Magnetic Fields in our Environment

Magnetic Fields Far from Sources

Magnetic Fields Onboard and Near Electric Trains

2. ULF-ELF Magnetic Field Testing of Railways

2.1. Instrumentation

2.1.1. Portable Waveform Capture System MVC-3

2.1.2. Calibration and Quality Assurance Procedures

2.2.Onboard Measurements

2.2.1. Railway Facilities

2.2.2. Measurement Protocol

2.2.3.Data Organization

2.2.4. Measurements on Russian DC-Powered Railways

2.2.5.Measurements on Swiss AC-powered railways Frequency spectra.

3. Biologically Important Characteristics of Railway-Generated Magnetic Field

3.1. Plausible Mechanisms of Magnetic Field Interaction with Biological Systems

3.2.Magnetic Field Exposure Problem

3.3. Exposure Assessment Methods for Railway Magnetic Field

3.4. Magnetic Field Characteristics Beyond TWA

3.4.1. Amplitude-Frequency Dependence

3.4.2. Polarization Characteristics

3.4.3. Intermittency Characteristics

4. Conclusion

Appendix

A.1. Electromotive Forces Ψ Produced by the Time Change of Magnetic Field Intensity within the Human Body

A.2. Induced Ψ Caused by Changes in Cross-Section of Closed Loops in the Presence of MF of Natural and Man-Made Origin

A.3. Induced Ψ FEs in Closed Loops Caused by Changes of the Angle between the Normal to the Loop and MF Direction.

A.4. On the Resonance Interaction of Self Electromotive Forces Ψ in Closed Loops with Ψ Induced by MF of Natural and Man-Made Origin

Chapter4MARGINALCOSTPRICINGOFNOISEINRAILWAYINFRASTRUCTURE

1.Introduction

2.MarginalCostPricing

2.1.ExternalitiesandEconomicEfficiency

3.RailwayNoiseandMarginalNoise

3.1.NoisefromRailwayTraffic

3.2.TwoExamplesofMarginalNoiseCalculation

4.PreferenceElicitation

4.1.EvaluationofNoise

4.2.BenefitTransfer

4.3.FutureEvaluation

5.NoiseandMarginalCosts

5.1.MarginalNoiseCost

5.2.MarginalCostandInfrastructureCharge

5.3.ImpactPathwayApproach

6.SuggestionsforaChargingModel

7.Conclusion

Chapter 5 PLANNERS, COGNITION AND THE ROUTE TOWARDS IMPROVED PLANNING SUPPORT: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY INTO THE USE OF APS'S IN THE NETHERLANDS RAILWAYS

2. Problem Description

3. Perspectives in (Advanced) Planning Systems: A Restricted Literature Review

4. Experimental Design

4.1. Research Design

4.2. Subjects

4.3. Procedure

4.4. Assignments: The Problems the Planners Solved

5. Results

5.1. Simple Problem

5.2. Complex Problem

5.3. Comparison of Simple and Complex Task (N = 2)

5.4. Discussion

6. Conclusion

Chapter 6 REMAINING FATIGUE LIFE ESTIMATION OF EXISTING RAILWAY BRIDGES

2. Available Method

2.1. Stress Evaluation

2.2. Determination of Fatigue Curve

2.3. Fatigue Life Estimation

3. Deficiencies of the Current Method

4. Introduction to a New Method

5. Proposed Remaining Fatigue Life Estimation Method

5.1. Stress Histories Prediction Method

5.2. Fatigue Criterion: New Damage Indicator-Based Sequential Law

5.3. Fully Known Fatigue Curve Prediction Method.

5.4. Extension of Sequential Law for Multiaxial Fatigue

6. Experimental Varifications

6.1. Verification of Damage Behavior

6.2. Verification of Extension of Sequential Law for Multiaxial Fatigue

7. Bridge Description and Prediction of Stress histories

7.1. Condition Survey

7.2. Material Testing

7.3. Field load Testing

7.4. Development of Validated Analytical Model

7.5. Past and Future Stress Histories

8. Remaining Fatigue Life Estimation Based on Primary Stresses

8.1. Determination of Stress Ranges

8.2. Determination of Wöhler Curve

8.3. Application of Sequential Law

9. Remaining Fatigue Life Estimation Based on Secondary Stresses

9.1. Considered Riveted Connection

9.2. Secondary Stress Evaluation

9.3. Determination of Wöhler Curve

9.4. Fatigue Life Evaluation

10. Comparisions and Discussion

11. Conclusion

Chapter 7 MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR STEEL RAILWAY BRIDGES: A CASE STUDY FROM VIETNAM

Introduction

A. Brief History of Railway Bridges in Vietnam

Current Status of Railway Bridges in Vietnam

General Physical and Serviceable Conditions

Bridge Administration

Bridge Maintenance Practice

Bridge Management Practice

Major Problems on Steel Railway Bridges in Vietnam

Maintenance Strategies for Steel Railway Bridges in Vietnam

Essential Maintenance Strategies

Site Maintenance

Priority Maintenance Method

Establishing of Appropriate Inspection System

Health Monitoring System

Preventive Maintenance Strategies

Early Maintenance

Appropriation of Standards and Specifications

Involvement of Maintenance Agencies in the Creation Stages of Bridges

Bridge Maintenance Management System

Conclusions

Chapter 8 NOISE AND VIBRATIONS OF RAILWAY WHEELS: GENERATION MECHANISMS AND ATTENUATION

1.1. Railway Noise

2. Wheel Dynamics

2.1. Wheel Sound Emission

3. Noise Generation Mechanisms

3.1. Rolling Noise

3.2. Squeal Noise

3.3. Impact Noise

4. Investigation of Different Railway Wheels

4.1. Solid Wheel

4.2. Solid Wheel with Viscoelastic Layers

4.3. Resilient Wheel

5. Wheel-Rail Contact

6. Effect of Wheel Rotation

7. Rolling Noise under Operating Conditions

8. Railway Wheel Noise Attenuation

8.1. Passive Systems for Wheels

8.1.1. Damping Treatment

8.1.2. Wheel Shape Optimisation

8.1.3. Resilient Wheel

8.1.4. Reduced Wheel Radiation

8.2. Passive Systems for Tracks

8.2.1. Rail Pad Stiffness

8.2.2. Damping Treatments

8.3. Active Systems

9. Conclusion

Chapter 9 TRAIN WHEEL DETECTION SYSTEMS: PRESENT TECHNOLOGIES AND FUTURE TRENDS

Railways at Present

Signalling Systems

Wheel Detectors

Wheel Detectors - General

Main Features

Constructive and Normative Requirements

Problems Associated with Wheel Detectors

Magnetic-Type Detectors

RLC Sensors

Variable Reluctance Sensors

Sensors Based on Tx/Rx Coils

Fiber Optic Detectors

Other Detectors

Signal Processing Applied to Wheel Train Detectors

Future Trends

Conclusion

Chapter 10 TRACK STIFFNESS CONSIDERATIONS FOR HIGH SPEED RAILWAY LINES

Definitions

Optimal Track Stiffness

The Rational Design Process

Traffic Characterization

Track Condition

Design Period

Design Loading

Modelling the Track Support System

Track Foundation Properties Required for Structural Analysis

Granular Materials

Fine-Grained Soils.

Bilinear model.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-61728-574-9

OCLC:

662453159