Biological aspects of human health and well-being / Tsisana Shartava, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Shartava, Tsisana.

Series:

Medicine and Biology Research Developments

Medicine and biology research developments

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Biochemistry.

Clinical biochemistry.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (291 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, c2011.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

This book presents and discusses current research in the field of biology, with a particular emphasis on biological factors and their role in health and well-being. Topics discussed include the biotechnology of cyanobacteria; the reasons why glucose is the principal source of energy for living beings; post-transcriptional effects of estrogen on gene expression; sialylation mechanism in bacteria and the evolution biology of health and disease clinical medicine from a Darwinian perspective.

Contents:

Intro

BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HUMAN HEALTH AND WELL-BEING

CONTENTS

PREFACE

Chapter I CONTROL OF EMERGING INFECTIOUS AGENTS CAUSING NOSOCOMIAL AND COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED CROSS INFECTIONS IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOSTS.

COMMENTARY

REFERENCES

Chapter II GENETIC TOOLS APPLICATIONS TO BIOTECHNOLOGY OF CYANOBACTERIA

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

CYANOBACTERIA ARE SOURCE OF A LARGE VARIETY OF BIOCOMPOUNDS

CYANOBACTERIA ARE PROMISING PRODUCERS OF MOLECULAR HYDROGEN - FUTURE ECOLOGICALY PURE FUEL

CYANOBACTERIA AND ENVIRONMENT

CYANOBACTERIA AND NANOTECHNOLOGY

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Chapter III WHY GLUCOSE IS THE PRINCIPAL SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR LIVING BEINGS? AND THE EXPLANATION OF HUMAN DISEASES

DEDICATION

THE HYPOTHESIS OF THE BIOLOGICAL COMPETITION AND ITS CONSEQUENCES

EXPLANATION OF HUMAN DISEASES BASED ON THE BIOLOGICAL COMPETITION

DISCUSSION

Chapter IV THE EVOLUTION BIOLOGY OF HEALTH AND DISEASE CLINICAL MEDICINE AS SEEN FROM A DARWINIAN PERSPECTIVE

AUGMENTING MEDICINE WITH EVOLUTIONARY INSIGHTS

WHY NATURAL SELECTION HAS LEFT US VULNERABLE TO DISEASE

ALLERGY AND CANCER: A COMPLEX RELATIONSHIP

GENE/ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS

ECOLOGY OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE

EXPERIMENTAL EVOLUTION

THE POLYMORPHIC MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX

"RECENT" EVOLUTION IN HOMO SAPIENS

Chapter V A QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP FOR THE GASTROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF FLAVONOIDS EVALUATED IN HUMAN COLON ADENOCARCINOMA HT-29 CELLS

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF FLAVONOIDS

PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FLAVONOIDS

Bond Dissociation Energy (BDE)

Lipophilicity (log P).

CYTOPROTECTION ASSAY

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Materials

Assessment of Cell Viability

Culture and Treatment of HT-29 Cells

Annexin V Staining and Flow Cytometric Analysis

CALCULATION OF RESULTS

Cell Death Index (CDI)

Calculation of 50% Reduction in Cell Death (EC50)

QUANTUM CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS

Calculation of Heat of Formation

Calculation of Log P

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Cytotoxic effects of H2O2

Cytotoxicity of Flavonoids

The Influence of Trolox on Cytotoxic Effects of H2O2

STRUCTURAL RELATED CYTOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF FLAVONOIDS

Effects of Hydroxyl Groups in the B Ring

Effect of the 3-OH Group, 2,3-Double Bond and 4-Keto Group

Effect of the Carbohydrate Moieties

CYTOPROTECTIVE AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FLAVONOIDS

Correlation between O-H Bond Dissociation Enthalpy (BDE) and Cytoprotective Activity (EC50) of Flavonoids

Correlation between Partition Coefficient (Log P) and Cytoprotective Activity (EC50) of Flavonoids

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) Model

Chapter VI SIALYLATION MECHANISM IN BACTERIA: FOCUSED ON CMP-N-ACETYLNEURAMINIC ACID SYNTHETASES AND SIALYLTRANSFERASES

BIOSYNTHESIS OF SIALIC ACIDS AND SIALYL-GLYCOCONJUGATES

CMP-Neu5Ac Synthetase

Origin of Bacterial CMP-Neu5Ac Synthetase

Features of Bacterial CMP-Neu5Ac Synthetases

SIALYLTRANSFERASES

Origin and Classification of the Bacterial Sialyltransferases

Tertiary Structure of Bacterial Sialyltransferases

Reaction of GT Family 80 Sialyltransferases

Sialyltransferases Belong to GT Family 80

α2,6-SialyltransferaseObtained from P. damselae

α2,6-SialyltransferaseObtained from P. leiognathi

α/β-Galactoside α2,3-sialyltransferase from Vibrio sp.

Multi-Functional α2,3 Sialyltransferase from P. multocida

Chapter VII THE HEPATOCELLULAR DYSFUNCTION CRITERIA: HEPATOCYTE CARBOHYDRATE METABOLIZING ENZYMES AND KUPFFER CELL LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES IN 2'NITROIMIDAZOLE EFFECT ON AMOEBIC LIVER ABSCESS (ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC - ENZYME APPROACH)

METHODS AND MATERIALS

RESULTS

CHALLENGES, LIMITATIONS AND FUTURISTIC APPROACHES

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Chapter VIII THE EFFECT OF NITROIMIDAZOLE ON GLUCOKINASE ENZYME REGULATORY PROPERTIES: GLUCOKINASE AS BIOSENSOR#

Chapter IX POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL EFFECTS OF ESTROGENS ON GENE EXPRESSION: MESSENGER RNA STABILITY AND TRANSLATION REGULATED BY MICRORNAS AND OTHER FACTORS

ESTROGENS STABILIZE AND DESTABILIZE SPECIFIC MRNAS

ESTROGENS AFFECT MRNA TRANSLATION

ESTROGEN ACTIONS AND MICRORNAS

MicroRNAs - Biogenesis and Regulation of Gene Expression

Estrogens Regulate Expression of MicroRNA Genes in Responsive Tissues During Normal Physiology and Disease

MicroRNAs Regulate ER Gene Expression and Estrogen Actions

FUTURE THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO REGULATING POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL ESTROGEN ACTIONS

Chapter X EPIGENETICS OF GESTATIONAL TROPHOBLASTIC DISEASE: GENOMIC IMPRINTING AND X CHROMOSOME INACTIVATION

PLACENTA DEVELOPMENT AND TROPHOBLASTIC CELLS

GENOMIC IMPRINTING AND PLACENTAL DEVELOPMENT

GESTATIONAL TROPHOBLASTIC DISEASES: ABNORMAL GENOMES AND GENOMIC IMPRINTING

X CHROMOSOME INACTIVATION AND PLACENTAL DEVELOPMENT

PATERNAL X CHROMOSOME IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF HUMAN TROPHOBLASTIC DISEASES

REFERENCES.

Chapter XI THE ROLE OF SUPRASPINAL GABA AND GLUTAMATE IN THE MEDIATION AND MODULATION OF PAIN

ABBREVIATIONS

THE GABAERGIC AND GLUTAMATERGIC SYSTEMS

GABA RECEPTORS

GABAA Receptor Subunit Composition

GABAB Receptor Subunit Composition

IONOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS

NMDA Receptor Subunit Composition

AMPA Receptor Subunit Composition

Kainate Receptor Subunit Composition

METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS

SOME IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS

THE ROLE OF SUPRASPINAL GABAERGIC AND GLUTAMATERGIC SYSTEMS DURING PAIN

PLASTICITY OF SUPRASPINAL GABAERGIC AND GLUTAMATERGIC SYSTEMS DURING PAIN

Changes in Activity of Supraspinal GABA and Glutamate Neurons in Animal Models of Acute Pain

Changes in Activity of Supraspinal GABA and Glutamate Neurons in Animal Models of Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain

Brain Regional Alterations in Levels of GABA and Glutamate or Their Receptors in Animal Models of Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain

PHARMACOLOGICAL ELUCIDATION OF THE ROLES OF SUPRASPINAL IONOTROPIC AND METABOTROPIPC GABA AND GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR SUBTYPES IN ANIMAL MODELS OF ACUTE PAIN

Effects of Supraspinal Administration of Agents Acting at GABAA Receptors in Animal Models of Acute Pain

Effects of Supraspinal Administration of Agents Acting at GABAB Receptors in Animal Models of Acute Pain

Effects of Supraspinal Administration of Agents Acting at Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in Animal Models of Acute Pain

Effects of Supraspinal Administration of Agents Acting at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Animal Models of Acute Pain

PHARMACOLOGICAL ELUCIDATION OF THE ROLES OF SUPRASPINAL IONOTROPIC AND METABOTROPIPC GABA AND GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR SUBTYPES IN ANIMAL MODELS OF INFLAMMATORY AND NEUROPATHIC PAIN.

Effects of Supraspinal Administration of Agents Acting at GABAA Receptors in Animal Models of Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain

Effects of Supraspinal Administration of Agents Acting at GABAB Receptors in Animal Models of Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain

Effects of Supraspinal Administration of Agents Acting at Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in Animal Models of Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain

Effects of Supraspinal Administration of Agents Acting at Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Animal Models of Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain

THE ROLE OF CENTRAL GABA AND GLUTAMATE IN THE ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECTS OF ANALGESICS

NSAIDs and Paracetamol

Opioids

Cannabinoids

Anticonvulsants and Antidepressants

Chapter XII MULTIPHOTON MICROSCOPY OF INTRAVITAL DEEP OCULAR TISSUES

1. INTRODUCTION

2. MULTIPHOTON IMAGING SYSTEM

3. SUBJECTS AND EXAMINATIONS

3.1. Corneal and Sclera Examinations

3.2. Retinal Examinations

4. CORNEAL MULTIPHOTON IMAGING

4.1. Optical Overview of Corneal Architecture with Subcellular Resolution Based on Multiphoton Excitation Microscopy/Tomography

4.1.1. Multiphoton Autofluorescence Tomography of Corneal Epithelial Layers (At Depths of 10, 25, and 41 Microns, Respectively)

4.1.2. Revealing of Stromal Intact Cellular and Collagenous Networks Based on Multiphoton Excitation Imaging

(i) Selective Displaying of Intratissue Keratocyte Networks in Stroma with Intracellular Spatial Resolution

(ii) SHG Signal Imaging of Collagen Lamellas in Corneal Stroma

(iii) Microstructural Co-localization and Topography of Keratocytes and their Hosting Collagen Lamellas in Corneal Stroma Based on 2PF and SHG

4.1.3. Multiphoton Excitation Detection of Endothelial Cells at a Corneal Depth of 369 Microns with Living Animals.

4.2. Optical Determination of Bowman's Layer with In-tandem Combination Assistance of 2PF and SHG Signal Imaging.

Notes:

"International journal of medical and biological frontiers, Volume 16, Issue 1/2."

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-61470-792-8

OCLC:

756210527