Nanostructured materials for electrochemical biosensors / Yogeswaran Umasankar, S. Ashok Kumar and Shen-Ming Chen, editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Umasankar, Yogeswaran.

Kumar, S. Ashok.

Chen, Shen-Ming.

Series:

Nanotechnology science and technology series.

Nanotechnology science and technology series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Biosensors.

Electrochemical sensors.

Nanostructured materials.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (375 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, c2009.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Electrochemical biosensors are portable devices that permit rapid analysis of substances. They are most useful in detection and monitoring of biological, chemical and toxic agents. Briefly, with the help of transducer, the generated electrical signals from the responses to change in the bioactive layers are used for the interpretation. Similarly, nanomaterials have number of features that make them ideally suited for sensor applications, such as, its high surface area, high reactivity, easy dispersability and rapid fabrication. This collected work composed of the expert knowledge of many specialists in the construction and use of electrochemical biosensors made of nanostructured materials. This includes nanomaterials such as dendrimers, polymers, nanoparticles, nanotubes, oxides, enzymes and their hybrids as catalyst for various sensors such as glucose sensors, DNA sensors, neurotransmitters sensors, etc. This collected work provides new methodological advancements related to and correlated with the measurement of interested species in biomedical samples. Many studies are also included to illustrate the range of application and importance of the electrochemical biosensors. This provides the unique opportunity for readers to choice a new methods and applications of new electrochemical biosensors.

Contents:

Intro

NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS FORELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORS

CONTENTS

PREFACE

DENDRIMERS IN ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORS

ABSTRACT

I. INTRODUCTION

II. BASICS OF DENDRIMERS

(a) Structure and Nomenclature

(b) Synthesis

(c) Characterization

(d) Salient Properties

(e) General Applications

III. ELECTROACTIVE DENDRIMERS

IV. DENDRIMERS IN BIOSENSORS

(a) Preparation of Dendrimer Biocomposite-Modified Electrodes

i) Direct Deposition

ii) Mixing/Blending

iii) Drop-Casting

iv) Layer-by-Layer Assembly

v) Self-Assembly

(b) Dendrimer-Based Glucose Biosensors

(c) Biosensors for the Detection of other Analytes

(d) Dendrimers in DNA Detection

(e) Dendrimers in Affinity Biosensors

V. CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

VI. REFERENCES

FUNCTIONALISATION OF POLYANILINENANOMATERIALS FOR AMPEROMETRIC BIOSENSING

Keywords:

1. INTRODUCTION

2. GENERAL METHODS FOR PREPARATION OFNANOSTRUCTURED POLYANILINES

Hard Template Synthesis

Soft Template Synthesis

3. PREPARATION OF ELECTRODES-MODIFIED WITH SULFONATEFUNCTIONALIZEDPOLYANILINES

Electrosynthetic and Electroless Modification

Characterization of the Modified Electrodes: Electrochemical, SurfaceMorphology and Spectroscopic

4. AMPEROMETRIC BIOSENSORS WITH ENZYMESELECTROHEMICALLY COMMUNICATED VIA SULFONATEFUNCTIONALIZEDPOLYANILINES

Immobilization of Enzymes: Biosensors for Hydrogen Peroxide, Glufosinate,Glyphosate, Fluoxetine and Setraline

Verification of the Occurrence of Electrochemical Enzyme−Interrogation

Analytical Responses

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

METAL NANOPARTICLES EMBEDDED POLYMERMATRIX MODIFIED ELECTRODES FORDIRECT ELECTROCATALYSIS ANDELECTROCHEMICAL SENSOR

1.1. Synthetic Strategies

1.2. General Methods for Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles.

2. ELECTROCHEMICAL PREPARATION OFPLATINUM NANOPARTICLES

2.1. Platinum Nanoparticles in Nafion Matrix

2.2. Characterization of Platinum Nanoparticles in Nafion Matrix

AFM Measurements

XPS Measurements

XRD Measurements

Electrochemical Measurements

3. GOLD NANOPARTICLES IN SILICATE SOL-GEL MATRIX

3.1. Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles Embedded SilicateSol-Gel Matrix

Optical Measurements

SEM Measurements

4. APPLICATIONS OF METAL NANOPARTICLES IN SENSORS

4.1. Detection of Biomolecules at Nanostructured PlatinumParticles Modified Electrode

4.2. Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Dopamine

4.2.1. Simultaneous Detection of Dopamine and Serotonin

4.2.2. Detection and Determination of Dopamine in Real Samples

5. DETECTION AND DETERMINATION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE ATGOLD NANOPARTICLES MODIFIED ELECTRODE

5.1. Electrocatalytic Reduction of Hydrogen Peroxide

5.2. Amperometric Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide

6. SIMULTANEOUS DETECTION OF HYDRAZINE, SULFITE ANDNITRITE AT GOLD NANOPARTICLES MODIFIED ELECTRODE

6.1. Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Hydrazine, Sulfite and Nitrite

6.2. Simultaneous Electrochemical Detection of Hydrazine, Sulfite andNitrite

CONCLUSION

GOLD NANOPARTICLES MODIFIED ELECTRODESFOR BIOSENSORS

OVERVIEW

1.1. What are Biomolecules?

1.2 Biosensor

1.3. Importance of Nanomaterials

2. SYNTHESIS OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES

2.1. Wet Chemical Methods

2.2. Physical Methods

3. IMMOBILIZATION OF AUNPS ON ELECTRODE SURFACE

3.1. Self-Assembly Method

3.2. Electrochemical Deposition

3.3. Langmuir-Blodgett Method

3.4. Spin Coating and Casting

4. CONJUGATION OF BIO-ELEMENT ON AUNPS SURFACE

4.1. Bioconjugation through Covalent Bond

4.2. Bioconjugation Via without Chemical Bond.

5. SENSING OF BIOMOLECULES

5.1. Electrochemical Sensors for Glucose

5.2. Electrochemical Sensors for Ascorbic Acid

5.3. Electrochemical Sensors for Uric Acid

5.4. Electrochemical Sensors for Neurotransmitters

5.4.1. Dopamine

5.4.2. Serotonin

5.4.3. Epinephrine

5.4.4. Norepinephrine

WET CHEMICAL DEPOSITION OF METALNANOPARTICLES AND METAL OXIDENANOSTRUCTURED FILMS ON ELECTRODESURFACES FOR BIOELECTROANALYSIS

2. SEED-MEDIATED GROWTH OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES ONELECTRODE SURFACES

2.1. Fabrication of Gold Nanoparticle-Modified Electrodes with Seed-Mediated Growth Approach

2.2. Electrocatalytic Activity of Gold NanoparticlesToward Small Biomolecules

2.3. Biosensors Based on Proteins Immobilized on Gold Nanoparticles

3. LIQUID PHASE DEPOSITION OF TIO2 ONELECTRODE SURFACES

3.1. Preparation of TiO2 Film Electrodes with Liquid PhaseDeposition Process

3.2. Doping LPD TiO2 Films with other Materials

3.3. Bioelectroanalysis Based on LPD Films

4. CONCLUSION

5. REFERENCES

BIOSENSOR FABRICATION BASED ON METALOXIDES NANOMATERIALS

2. ELECTROCHEMICAL APPLICATIONS OF METAL OXIDES ANDMETAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLES

3. SYNTHESIS OF METAL OXIDE PARTICLES AND NANOPARTICLES

4. ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORS BASED ON METAL OXIDENANOPARTICLES

4.1. Zinc Oxide Nanomaterial for Biosensors Fabrication

4.2. Titanium Oxide Nanomaterial for Biosensors Fabrication

4.3. Iron Oxide Nanomaterial for Biosensors Fabrication

4.4. Manganese Oxide Nanomaterial for Biosensors Fabrication

4.5. Nickel Oxides for Biosensors Fabrication

4.6. Cobalt Oxides for Biosensors Fabrication

4.7. Other Metal- Oxides Nanomaterials for Biosensors Fabrication

5. CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES.

RECENT ADVANCES IN NANO-STRUCTRURED METALOXIDES BASED ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORSFOR CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS

2. PREPARATION OF NANOSTRUCTURED METAL OXIDES

2.1. Electrochemical Deposition

2.2. Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD)

2.3. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Method

2.4. Rf Magnetron Sputtering Method

2.5. Sol-Gel Method

2.6. Miscellaneous Methods

3. CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOSTRUCTURED METAL OXIDES

5. APPLICATION OF NANOSTRUCTURED METAL OXIDES FORELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSOR

5.1. Zinc Oxide (ZnO)

5.2. Titanium Oxide (TiO2)

5.3. Zirconium Oxide (ZrO2)

5.4. Iron Oxide (Fe3O4)

5.5. Cerium Oxide (CeO2)

5.6. Tin Oxide (SnO2)

5.7. Mangnesium Dioxide (MnO2)

5.8. Niobium Oxide (Nb2O5)

5.9. Miscellaneous Oxides

6. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

CONSTRUCTION OF NANO-ARRAY ELECTRODEMATERIAL FOR AMPEROMETRIC DETECTIONAPPLICATION

2. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION

2.1. Materials

2.2. Preparation of Nanotube Array Biosensor

2.3. Characterization and Analytical Methods

2.4. Experimental Setup and Procedures

3. RESULT

3.1. Microstructural Characterization

3.2. Electrochemical Properties

3.3. Detection Application

ANODIC TIO2: FABRICATION, CURRENTAPPLICATIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

INTRODUCTION

SYNTHESIS OF TITANIA NANOSTRUCTURES

Different Morphologies of Anodic TiO2

Influence of Electrochemical Conditions

Mechanism of the Formation of Anodic TiO2

PROPERTIES OF TITANIA NANOSTRUCTURES

APPLICATIONS

Water Purification

Water Splitting to Produce Hydrogen

Solar Cells

Chemical Sensors

Biomedical Applications

FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE - NANOMATERIALSHYBRID SENSORS FOR THE DETECTION OFORGANOPHOSPHOROUS ANDCARBAMATE PESTICIDES

2. PESTICIDE SENSORS FOR OP AND CA DETECTION

2.1. Mediator Free Screen Printed Electrode Based AChE Sensors

2.2. Mediator Modified Screen Printed Electrode Based AChE Sensors

2.3. Amperometric AChE Pesticide Sensors

3. ROLE OF NANOMATERIALS IN ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS

4. NANOMATERIAL BASED PESTICIDE SENSORS

4.1. CNT Based Pesticide Sensors

4.2. Gold Nanoparticle Based Pesticide Sensors

SUMMARY

NOVEL MESOPOROUS SILICAS ASELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORS

DISCUSSION

2.1 The Synthesis of MPS

2.2 The Application of MPS in Electrochemical Biosensors

2.2.1 Functionalized MPS for Protein Immobilization

2.2.2 The Development of Proteins/Enzymes Encapsulated MPS Biosensors

ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION OFNEUROTRANSMITTERS AT STRUCTURALLYSMALL ELECTRODES

2. NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND THEIR DYNAMICS

3. MEASUREMENT OF DOPAMINE CONCENTRATIONS

4. APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TO STUDYOF NEUROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS

5. ULTRAMICROELECTRODE GEOMETRIES

5.1. Disk-Shaped Point Electrodes

5.2. Carbon Ultrathin Ring

5.3. Carbon Fiber Line Electrodes

5.4. Microelectrode Arrays

6. CHALLENGES IN DOPAMINE DETECTION

6.1. Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry

6.2. Film Coated Electrodes

6.3. Electrochemically Grafted Aryl Films

6.4. Other Modifying Coatings

6.5. Nanoparticle-Modified Electrodes

6.6. Hydrogenated Electrodes

6.7. Diamond Electrodes

7. CONCLUDING REMARKS

INDEX.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

1-61728-543-9

OCLC:

662452579