Water engineering / Dominic P. Torres, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Torres, Dominic P.

Series:

Water resource planning, development and management series.

Environmental science, engineering and technology series.

Water resource planning, development and management

Environmental science, engineering and technology

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Water-supply.

Water--Purification.

Water.

Waterworks.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (324 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, Inc., c2011.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Presents research in the study of water engineering including the methods and approaches of groundwater investigation, development and management; industrial wastewater treatment using cavitational reactors and the Fenton process; acquifer characterization using slug tests; water cluster ion beam processing; and, more.

Contents:

Intro

WATER ENGINEERING

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

CONTENTS

PREFACE

Chapter 1: METHODS AND APPROACHES OF GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATION, DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT

ABSTRACT

1. BASICS OF GROUNDWATER

1.1 Occurrence of groundwater

1.2 Presence of groundwater

Shallow Aquifers

Deep aquifers

1.3 Characteristics of different types of aquifers

Physical properties of the aquifer

Bedrock aquifer

1.4 Relevant terminologies

Water-table

Spring

The Unsaturated Zone

Saline water

Aquitard

Base-flow

Contaminant

Groundwater Basin

Permeability

Hydraulic Conductivity

Overdraft

Safe Yield

Specific Yield

Transmissivity

1.5 Groundwater storage and movement

Confined or Artesian Aquifer

Unconfined or Water-table Aquifer

1.6 Groundwater abstraction

Wells: Cone of Depression

Well Contribution Zone

Induced Recharge

1.7 Groundwater recharge

1.8 Groundwater flow

1.9 Groundwater - Sea-water interface

2. INVESTIGATION OF GROUNDWATER

2.1 Planning an investigation

2.1.1 Steps involved in a site investigation

2.2 Approaches of investigation

2.2.1 Mechanical approach

2.2.1.1 Features

2.2.1.2 Limitations

2.2.2.3 Sampling interval and representation

2.2.1.4 General guidelines and steps in borehole drilling and construction

2.2.1.5 Relevant activities

2.2.2 Geo-physical approach

Principle of geophysical approach

Implications

Considerations in geophysical approach

2.2.2.1 Electrical method

Principle of the method

Theoretical aspects

Different configurations of resistivity survey

Electrode geometry

Field survey procedure

Discussion

Interpretation of resistivity data/ Modeling of underground structure

2.2.2.2 Electromagnetic method

Principle of the method.

Applicability

Description of the methods

General guidelines and field procedure for EM method

2.2.2.3 Seismic method

2.2.2.4 Magnetic geophysical method

2.2.2.5 Ground penetrating radar method

2.2.2.6 Borehole geophysical method

2.2.2.7 Gravity method

2.2.2.8 Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) method

2.2.2.9 Other electrical and electromagnetic methods

2.3 Estimation of groundwater potential

2.3.1 Qualitative identification

2.3.2 Quantitative estimation of groundwater

3. GROUND WATER QUALITY ASPECTS

3.1 Significance of quality study

3.2 Sampling of groundwater

3.3 Elements to be analyzed

3.4 Laboratory analysis and ionic balances

3.5 Issues on the factors affecting quality

3.6 Isotopic and Age Indicator Analyses

Background

Sampling

Analytical methods

Data interpretation

3.7 Discussion on quality issues

3.8 Guidelines on water quality for different uses

4. GROUNDWATER DEVELOPMENT AND WELL DESIGN

4.1 Assessing GW availability

4.1.1 Water Budget approach

I-Input

O-Output

S - Storage

4.2 Groundwater yield

4.2.1 General perspectives

4.2.2 Relevant terminologies

Specific Capacity

Well Capacity or Yield

Well Efficiency

4.2.3 Well yield in aquifer

4.2.3.1 Flow of water to well in unconfined Aquifer

Theim equation

4.2.3.2 Flow of water to well in confined Aquifer

Derivation of the equation

4.3 Construction and design of water supply wells

4.3.1 Importance of proper design and construction of well

4.3.2 Types of Well

Bored wells

Drilled wells

4.3.3 Well Construction

4.3.3.1 Principal activities in well construction

4.3.3.2 Drilling methods

4.3.3.3 Definition of relevant terminologies

4.3.4 Well design

4.3.4.1 Design elements and design considerations

Well depth.

Casing size and material type

Well screen

Screen Material

Filter material

Casing materials

4.3.4.2 Design criteria and procedure

4.3.5 Well Completion

Well casing and sealing

4.3.6 Well development

4.3.7 Disinfection of well

4.3.8 Economic considerations

4.4 Pumping test /well yield test and determination of aquifer parameters

4.4.1 Relevant terminologies

Residual drawdown

Specific capacity

4.4.2 Perspectives of pumping test

4.4.3 General assumptions in pumping test

4.4.4 Constant rate test

4.4.5 Stepwise test

4.4.6 Analysis of pump test data

Theis method

Cooper-Jacob method

5. GROUNDWATER WITHDRAWAL AND WATER-TABLETRENDS - CASE STUDIES

5.1 Over-withdrawal of groundwater: Effects and areal extents around the globe

5.2 Groundwater withdrawal and watertable trend in Bangladesh

5.3 Groundwater withdrawal and trend in India

5.4 Groundwater withdrawal and trend in China

6. GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT

6.1 Major obstacles to groundwater management

6.2 Amelioration/Remedial measures for obstacles

6.2.1 Groundwater policies

6.2.2 Establishing a groundwater data and retrieval system

6.3 Management measures

6.3.1 Resource Inventory

6.3.2 Monitoring of groundwater dynamics and its trend

6.3.3 Management measures for reducing contamination

6.3.4 Enhancing groundwater reserve

6.3.4.1 Augmenting natural recharge

6.3.4.2 Artificial recharge

6.3.5 Other supply management

6.3.5.1 Searching for alternate water source

6.3.5.2 Conjunctive use of surface and groundwater

6.3.6 Maintaining sustainability in groundwater withdrawal

6.3.7 Modelling and use of model for impact study

6.3.8 Institutional initiatives

7. GROUNDWATER THREATS AND POLLUTION POTENTIALS

7.1 Groundwater threats.

7.2 Sources of groundwater contamination/pollution

Point source

Non-point source/ diffuse source

Nitrate

Pesticides and herbicides

Solvents, hydrocarbons, and fuel additives

Naturally occurring substances

Salinity

Microbes

Mining

Landfills

Road-salts

Contaminated land

Well Contamination

Contaminants from other parts of hydrologic cycle

Pollution potential in Fractured Limestone

7.3 Pathways for contaminant transport

7.4 Arsenic contamination - A major threat for groundwater

7.5 Over-exploitation

Altered Groundwater Levels

7.6 Impact of Climate Change on Groundwater

7.7 Impacts of land-use change on groundwater

8. GROUNDWATER PROTECTION

8.1 Delineating protection zones

8.2 Measures for controlling quality degradation

Source-water protection

Groundwater Monitoring

Laws and regulations

Regulatory instruments

Community involvement

Lining and sealing method of groundwater protection

Lining and sealing

Some general guidelines/solution options for specific problems

8.3 Opportunities to improve groundwater

8.4 Challenges in groundwater protection and management

REFERENCES

Chapter 2: INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT USING A COMBINATION OF CAVITATIONAL REACTORS AND FENTON PROCESSES: A REVIEW

INTRODUCTION

Combination of Acoustic Cavitation and Fenton Chemistry

Reactors designs for combination of Acoustic cavitation and Fenton chemistry

Overview of literature and guidelines for optimum operating parameters

COMBINATION OF HYDRODYNAMIC CAVITATIONAND FENTON PROCESSES

Reactor designs for hydrodynamic cavitation and Fenton chemistry

Overview of work in the area of wastewater treatment using combinationof hydrodynamic cavitation and Fenton chemistry based processes

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES.

Chapter 3: THE SLUG TESTS AS A TECHNICAL TOOLIN AQUIFERS CHARACTERIZATION

1. BACKGROUND

2. FACTORS AFFECTING SLUG RESPONSE

3. TEST THEORY

3.1 Methodology of analysis from Hvorslev

3.2 Cooper, Bredehoeft and Papadopulos method

3.3 Bouwer-Rice method

3.4 Analysis method proposed by Gilg-Gavard

3.4.a Gilg-Gavard´s method of constant water level

3.4.b Gilg-Gavard´s method with variable water level

4. METHODOLOGY APPLIED IN FIELD TESTS

5. APPLICATION TO FIELD CASES

5.1 Using methodology of Hvorslev

5.2 Analysis by applying the Cooper, Bredehoeft and Papadopulos method

5.3 Analysis using methodology proposed by Bouwer and Rice

5.4 Methodology of analysis of Gilg and Gavard

6. TESTS RESULTS

7. DISCUSSION RESULTS

Appendix A

Chapter 4: WATER CLUSTER ION BEAM PROCESSING

1. INTRODUCTION

2. WATER CLUSTER FORMATION

3. CLUSTER SIZE ANALYSIS

3.1 TOF Method

3.2 Size Distribution

4. SURFACE PROCESSING WITH WATER CLUSTER ION BEAMS

4.1 Experimental Apparatus

4.2 Evaluation of Surface Characteristics

4.3 Irradiation Damage

4.4 Surface Sputtering

(a) Physical/Chemical Sputtering

(b) Patterning with High-Rate Sputtering

4.5 Surface Flatness

4.6 Surface Modification

(a) Oxidation

(b) Wettability

5. SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Chapter 5: WATER ENGINEERING: A CHALLENGE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FOR VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES-CASE COLOMBIA

1. INTRODUCTION: SHORTAGE DESPITE ABUNDANCE

Variability of the water resources in Colombia

The hydrological cycle and preserving the ecosystems

Accessibility of the water in Colombia

Quality of the water in Colombia

2. RESPONSE OF THE COLOMBIAN GOVERNMENTTO WATER-ACCESS SITUATION

Laws

Decrees

Resolutions

3. THE CONTEXT.

4. PARTICIPATORY METHODOLOGY FOR WATER ENGINEERING.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 295-298) and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-62257-133-9

OCLC:

829713429