The placenta : development, function and diseases / Richard Nicholson, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Nicholson, Richard.

Series:

Pregnancy and infants.

Human reproductive system--anatomy, roles, and disorders series.

Pregnancy and infants : medical, psychological and social issues

Human reproductive system--anatomy, roles and disorders

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Placenta.

Reproduction.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (384 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Hauppauge, N.Y. : Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2013.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

The placenta plays an essential role in childbirth. It becomes disposable after the baby is born which makes it the only organ in the human body that serves a vital function and then becomes obsolete. It is an extremely complex piece of biological equipment which allows the mothers and the baby's blood to come into very close contact, without mixing, to supply nutrients and oxygen to the baby, and move waste products like carbon dioxide back from baby to mother. Thus, the placenta acts as the lung, kidney and digestive system for the baby. The placenta also plays an important role in hormone production. Human chorionic gonadotropin is produced by the placenta and can be found in the babys blood as early as 10 days into pregnancy. The placenta is also responsible for the production of other hormones including oestrogen and progesterone and protects the baby from possible infection or from damage by substances found in the environment or used by the mother, such as alcohol, drugs, pollutants and endocrine disrupters. This book presents the reader with a comprehensive, well written and informative collection of chapters written by experts from around the world. It will be a valuable asset for anyone interested in reproduction and pregnancy and wanting to access excellent reviews as well as the most current discussion of the biology and medicine of the placenta.

Contents:

Intro

THE PLACENTA: DEVELOPMENT, FUNCTION AND DISEASES

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Contents

Preface

Chapter 1: An Overview of Development, Function, and Diseases of the Placenta

Abstract

Introduction

Placental Development

Placental Functions

Placental Diseases

Conclusion

References

Chapter 2: Emerging Tasks of PAR1 and PAR2 in the Placenta Trophoblast Anchoring to the Uterus Deciduas

PAR1 Expression in Human Placental Villi

PAR1 and b-Catenin Stabilization in a Physiological Invasion Process: The Placenta Trophoblasts

Chapter 3: Leptin Action and Leptin Receptor Signaling in Human Trophoblasts

Leptin Receptor Signaling in Placenta

JAK/STAT Signal Transduction Cascade

MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase) Cascade

The PI3K (Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase) Pathway

Sam68 (Src-Associated in Mitosis)

Leptin Action in Placenta

Chapter 4: Immunology of Human Pregnancy: Transfer of Antibodies and Associated Placental Function

The Human Placenta

Exploring Methods of Human Placental Function

Placental Transport Mechanisms

Transport of Immunoglobulin G and Its Subclasses across the Human Placenta

Ex Vivo Investigations

Immunologic Diseases of Human Pregnancy and Suggested Therapies

The Potential of Stem Cells Derived from Human Placenta for Immunotherapy

Chapter 5: Effects of Maternal Nutrition Imbalance during Pregnancy on Outcome in Offspring

Maternal Nutrition Disturbance and Its Adverse Outcome on Offspring Health

Placental Transport Activity Associates the Maternal Nutrition Status with the Offspring Outcome.

Mechanisms for Maternal Nutrition to Influence Placental Programming of Disease in Offspring

Nutritional Interventions for a Better Offspring Outcome

Chapter 6: Role of Placental Hypoxia, Oxidative Stress and Alcohol Exposure in Fetal Development

Abbreviations

Embryonic Development

Functions of the Placenta

Placenta and Oxidative Stress

Peroxynitrite Mediates Lipid Oxidation and Nitration

Apoptosis in the Placenta

Fetal Development and Oxidative Stress

Mother´S Alcohol Exposure and Pregnancy Hypertension

Hypoxic Stress and Neuroactive Steroid Responses

Rat Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Impaired Placentation

Effect of Alcohol on Neural Crest Cells Apoptosis

Effect of Alcohol on Embryo Brain Development and Behaviour

Effect of Alcohol Exposure on Embryo Cardiac Development

Effect of Alcohol Exposure on Embryo Liver Development

Chapter 7: The Role of Nitric Oxide in Placental Function

Oxidative Stress and Nitric Oxide in Normal Pregnancy

Preeclampsia: Current Theories

Potential Role of L-Arginine - A Nitric Oxide Donor - In PE Prevention

Chapter 8: HCG and Hyperglycosylated HCG, Promoters of Villous Placenta and Hemochorial Placentation

Methods

Results and Discussion

Chapter 9: Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors during Pregnancyand Their Potential HealthEffects on Newborns

Material and Methods

Results

Discussion

Chapter 10: Placental Transport of Environmental Toxicants

The Placenta

Transport of Substances throughHuman Hemochorial Placenta

Human Placental Transfer Models.

Placental Transfer of Environmental Toxicants

BeWo B30 Clone Monolayer Cell Transfer Model

Effect of Carrier Molecule Albuminon 14C-Bap Placental Transport

Placental Transport of Halogenated Molecules

Causes of Variation in Placental Perfusion Model

BeWo Cell Transfer vs. Placental Transfer

Chapter 11: Placental Toxicology of Organic Pollutants

1. Introduction

2. POPs: Characteristics, Sources of Environmental Exposure and Effects

3. Factors Influencing POPs Accumulation in the Placenta

4. Foundations of POPs Toxicity in the Placenta

Acknowledgments

Chapter 12: The Placental ReninAngiotensin System

The Renin-Angiotensin System

Identification of Placental RAS Gene Expression

Expression and Localization ofRAS Proteins in the Placenta

Regulation of the Expressionand Activity of the Placental RAS

Functions of the Placental RAS

The Placental Renin-AngiotensinSystem and Its Role(S) in Preeclampsiaand Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Chapter 13: Relationship between Placenta-Preeclampsia and the Long Term Clinical Outcome in Adult Offspring

Fetal Programing

Placental Coagulable State

Placental Vascularization

High-Altitude Hypoxia and Preeclampsia

Placental Transport of Amino Acids

Maternal Fetal Nutrition and Adult Life Diseases

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids-Placenta and Maternal Nutrition

Chapter 14: Mitochondrial ATP-Diphosphohydrolase and Steroidogenesis in the Human Placenta

Architecture of Human Placental Mitochondria

ATP-Induced Oxygen Uptake by Syncytiotrophoblast Mitochondria.

Kinetic Analysis of ATP-Diphosphohydrolase Activity

Role of ATP-Diphosphohydrolase in Progesterone Synthesis

Syncytiotrophoblast metabolism and the Mitochondria

Acknowledgment

Chapter 15: Characterization and ClinicalApplication of Mesenchymal StemCells Derived from Placenta

Isolation and Characterizationof MSC Derived from Placenta

Differentiation Potential

Applications

Chapter 16: The Role of the Primate Placentain Term and Preterm Parturition

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

Index.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher.

ISBN:

1-62618-295-7

OCLC:

846982408