Carbon capture and storage including coal-fired power plants / Todd P. Carington, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Carington, Todd P.

Series:

Environmental science, engineering and technology series.

Environmental science, engineering and technology series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Coal-fired power plants--Environmental aspects.

Coal-fired power plants.

Carbon sequestration.

Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry).

Physical Description:

1 online resource (198 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, c2010.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

This title covers the challenges for a comprehensive strategy for carbon capture and storage, escaping radioactivity from coal-fired power plants, potential changes in coal-fired power plant design, operation and regulation in a carbon constrained future, and much more.

Contents:

Intro

CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE INCLUDING COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS

CONTENTS

PREFACE

Chapter 1 CAPTURING CO2 FROM COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS: CHALLENGES FOR A COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGY*

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION: COAL AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

BACKGROUND: WHAT IS CARBON CAPTURE TECHNOLOGY AND WHAT IS ITS STATUS?

Post-Combustion CO2 Capture

Monoethanolamine (MEA)

Chilled ammonia (alstom)

Ammonia (powerspan)

Pre-Combustion CO2 Capture

Combustion CO2 Capture

DOE-Supported Technology Development

ROLES FOR GOVERNMENT

THE NEED FOR A DEMAND-PULL MECHANISM

APPROACHES TO A DEMAND-PULL MECHANISM

Creating Demand through a Regulatory Requirement: An Example from the SO2 New Source Performance Standards

Creating Demand through a Price Signal: Carbon Taxes, Allowance Pricing and Auctions

CURRENT TECHNOLOGY-PUSH MECHANISMS: DOE INVESTMENT IN CCS R&amp

D

Direct Spending on R&amp

Carbon capture and sequestration in the american recovery and reinvestment act of 2009 (ARRA)

Loan Guarantees and Tax Credits

ENCOURAGING TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN THE ABSENCE OF A MARKET: ISSUES FOR CURRENT CARBON CAPTURE RD&amp

D POLICY

Trying to Pick a Winner: FutureGen

What Should the Federal Government Spend on CCS Technology Development?

Legislation in the 110th and 111th Congresses

Should the Federal Government Embark on a "Crash" Research and Development Program?

The Manhattan Project and Apollo Program

DOE-Supported Energy Technology Development

Comparisons to CO2 Capture R&amp

D at DOE

The Possibility of Failure: The Synthetic Fuels Corporation

IMPLICATIONS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE LEGISLATION

REFERENCES

Chapter 2 ESCAPING RADIOACTIVITY FROM COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS

ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION.

2. RADIOACTIVITY OF COALS AND FLY ASHES

3. PARTICULATE DISPERSION OF FLY ASH

4. RADIOACTIVITY ESCAPING FROM COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS AS FINE PARTICLES

5. HAZARDS FROM THE RADIOACTIVITY ESCAPING FROM THE STACKS OF COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS

5.1. Hazards from the Escaping Fly Ash

5.2. Hazards from the Atmospheric Dispersion of Fly Ash

5.3. Hazards from Wall Radioactivity in Dwellings due to the Fly Ash

5.4. Hazards from Diffusion of Radon through Concrete

6. CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 3 INTRODUCING CCS: POTENTIAL CHANGES IN COAL-FIRED POWER PLANT DESIGN, OPERATION AND REGULATION IN A CARBON CONSTRAINED FUTURE

1. INTRODUCTION

2. CO2 CAPTURE TECHNOLOGY DESIGN FOR COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS

3. POWER PLANT OPERATION WITH CCS

3.1 Flexibility of Plants with Post-Combustion Capture

3.2. Flexibility of Plants with Oxyfuel Capture

3.3. Flexibility of IGCC Plants with CO2 Capture

4. PREPARING FOR WIDESPREAD DEPLOYMENT OF CCS: REGULATIONS, INCENTIVES AND CAPTURE-READY

4.1. Regulations and Incentives for CCS Deployment

4.2. Capture Ready Design and Retrofitting CO2 Capture to Existing Plants

5. CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Chapter 4 SPATIAL IMPACTS OF TRADABLE PERMIT MARKETS: THE CASE OF SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS

I. INTRODUCTION

II. DAMAGE FUNCTION METHODOLOGY

Determining Health Consequences

Quantifying Health Impacts

III. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DAMAGE FUNCTION APPROACH

Pollution Concentrations

Human Exposure

Health Impacts

Economic Valuation

IV. RESULTS

Marginal Benefits

Total Benefits

Emission Trading

V. CONCLUSION

Chapter 5 THE CARBON CYCLE: IMPLICATIONS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE AND CONGRESS*

INTRODUCTION

CARBON STORAGE, SOURCES AND SINKS

CARBON FLUX, OR EXCHANGE, WITH THE ATMOSPHERE.

Land Surface-Atmosphere Flux

Ocean-Atmosphere Flux

POLICY IMPLICATIONS

Chapter 6 ARE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS RISING MORE RAPIDLY THAN EXPECTED?*

RISING CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS

COMPARING CO2 EMISSIONS WITH ESTABLISHED SCENARIOS

Comparisons with the IPCC Scenarios

Monitoring Emissions Trends

Chapter 7 CLIMATE CHANGE: FEDERAL ACTIONS WILL GREATLY AFFECT THE VIABILITY OF CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE AS A KEY MITIGATION OPTION*

WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY

WHAT GAO RECOMMENDS

WHAT GAO FOUND

ABBREVIATIONS

RESULTS IN BRIEF

BACKGROUND

BARRIERS TO CCS DEPLOYMENT INCLUDE THE HIGH COST OF CURRENT TECHNOLOGIES, REGULATORY UNCERTAINTY, AND THE LACK OF A NATIONAL STRATEGY TO CONTROL CO2 EMISSIONS

CO2 CAPTURE MUST OVERCOME SIGNIFICANT TECHNOLOGICAL HURDLES TO BE A COST-EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS

CCS Has Yet to Be Demonstrated on a Commercial Scale at a Power Plant

Coal Gasification Technology Offers Promise in Capturing CO2 at New Plants but Has Limitations That May Impede Its Widespread Use

Capturing CO2 from Existing Coal-fired Power Plants Requires Significant Amounts of Energy and Imposes High Costs

Regulatory and Legal Uncertainties also Complicate Capture, Injection, and Storage of CO2

Confusion over Rules about Large-Volume Injections of CO2

Long-Term Liability Concerns over CO2 Storage and Possible Leakage

Property Ownership Patterns May Also Affect CO2 Storage

Uncertainty Regarding How the Clean Air Act Will Apply to Power Plants with CCS

The Absence of a National Strategy to Control CO2 Emissions Gives Neither Industry Nor Government Agencies an Incentive to Invest in CCS

Industry Has Little Incentive to Invest in CO2 Control Technologies without a National Strategy to Control CO2 Emissions.

The Absence of a National Strategy to Control CO2 Emissions Has Constrained the Federal Government's Efforts to Plan For and Develop CCS Projects

FEDERAL AGENCIES HAVE YET TO RESOLVE THE FULL RANGE OF ISSUES REQUIRING RESOLUTION FOR WIDESPREAD CCS DEPLOYMENT

DOE Has Only Recently Prioritized Research to Help Control CO2 Emissions from Existing Power Plants

DOE Has Achieved Some Advances with IGCC Technology

DOE Funding Decisions Reflect Agency's Focus on IGCC

IGCC Technology's Potential for Reducing CO2 Emissions Is Uncertain

DOE Has Thus Far Achieved Limited Success in Reducing CO2 Emissions from Existing Power Plants

DOE Has Recently Focused More Attention on Existing Plants

EPA Has Begun to Address Regulatory Uncertainty Concerning CO2 Injection and Storage, but Key Issues Remain Unresolved

EPA Has Issued a Proposed Rule under the SDWA on Permitting Large-Volume CO2 Injections

Financial Responsibility Requirements

Key Legal and Regulatory Issues outside of the SDWA Have Been Largely Unaddressed

Other Key Issues that Should Be Proactively Addressed to Support a National CCS Framework

Property Rights and Liability Issues Related to CO2 Injection on Both Federal and Nonfederal Lands

CO2 Pipeline Regulation

Detailed Assessment of Feasible CO2 Storage Sites

Potential Public Opposition Arising from Health Concerns over CO2 Storage and Transport

Accounting System for Measuring CO2 Stored by CCS for Use in a CO2 Emissions Trading Plan

CONCLUSIONS

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EXECUTIVE ACTION

AGENCY COMMENTS AND OUR EVALUATION

APPENDIX I: OBJECTIVES, SCOPE, AND METHODOLOGY

APPENDIX II: COMMENTS FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

GAO COMMENTS

APPENDIX III: COMMENTS FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

INDEX

Blank Page.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-61209-870-3

OCLC:

699511036