Natural resources : management, economic development and protection / Jeanette B. Pauling, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Pauling, Jeanette B.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Natural resources--Management.

Natural resources.

Economic development--Environmental aspects.

Economic development.

Conservation of natural resources.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (335 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, c2009.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

'Natural resources' are naturally occurring substances that are considered valuable in their relatively unmodified (natural) form. A natural resource's value rests in the amount of the material available and the demand for it. There are 2 types of natural resources: renewable and non-renewable. Natural Resources include soil, timber, oil, minerals, and other goods taken more or less from the Earth. Both extraction of the basic resource and refining it into a purer, directly usable form, (e.g., metals, refined oils) are generally considered natural-resource activities, even though the latter may not necessarily occur near the former. A nation's natural resources often determine its wealth in the world economic system.In recent years, the depletion of natural capital and attempts to move to sustainable development have been a major focus of development agencies. This books gathers and presents important research in the field.

Contents:

Intro

NATURAL RESOURCES: MANAGEMENT, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PROTECTION

CONTENTS

PREFACE

Chapter 1 COMPETITIVENESS EVALUATION FOR THE ALENTEJO AGRICULTURE AMONG THE MONTADO ECOSYSTEM

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

RESULTS

CONCLUSION

ANNEX 1.

REFERENCES

Chapter 2 FEDERAL LAND MANAGEMENT AGENCIES: BACKGROUND ON LAND AND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT*

SUMMARY

ABBREVIATIONS

INTRODUCTION [1]: SCOPE AND ORGANIZATION

BACKGROUND

HISTORICAL REVIEW

ISSUES

CRS REPORTS AND COMMITTEE PRINTS [18]

FEDERAL LANDS FINANCING [19]

Revenues from Activities on Federal Lands

Agency Appropriations

Annual Appropriations

Trust Funds and Special Accounts

Land Acquisition Funding

Compensation to State and Local Governments

Revenue-Sharing

Payments in Lieu of Taxes

Issues

Major Statutes

CRS Reports and Committee Prints [26]

THE NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM [27]

Background [28]

Organization

MANAGEMENT

Land Ownership

Designation

Acquisition Authority

Disposal Authority

CRS Reports and Committee Prints [39]

BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT [40]

Background

Management

Overview

Rangelands

Energy and Minerals

National Landscape Conservation System

Fire Management

General

Acquisition Authority [50]

Withdrawals [56]

CRS Reports and Committee Prints [58]

THE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM [59]

Organization and Management

CRS Reports and Committee Prints [81]

THE NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM [82]

Organization and Management.

Land Ownership

Designation and Acquisition Authority

Major Statutes [96]

CRS Reports and Committee Prints [97]

SPECIAL SYSTEMS ON FEDERAL LANDS

THE NATIONAL WILDERNESS PRESERVATION SYSTEM [98]

CRS Reports and Committee Prints [100]

THE NATIONAL WILD AND SCENIC RIVERS SYSTEM [101]

CRS Reports and Committee Prints [104]

NATIONAL TRAILS SYSTEM [105]

National Scenic Trails

National Historic Trails

National Recreation Trails

Connecting and Side Trails

Issues [112]

Major Statutes [115]

APPENDIX 1. MAJOR ACRONYMS USED IN THIS ARTICLE

APPENDIX 2. DEFINITION OF SELECTED TERMS

ENDNONTES

Chapter 3 CONSERVATION, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES IN RURAL AFRICA: EVIDENCE FROM EAST AFRICA

1. INTRODUCTION

2. FARMING SYSTEMS, NATURAL RESOURCES, AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS

2.1. Status and Challenges

Heterogeneous Agro-ecological and Farming Systems

Challenges

Population Growth

Climate Change

Nutrient Depletion and Soil Degradation

Urbanisation

Degradational vs Conservation Pathways

2.2. Concepts and Models

General Conceptual Framework

System Components of Development/Resource Management Pathways

Analytical Layers/Scales

2.3. Methodologies and Application

3. CASE STUDY FROM A RIFT VALLEY COMMUNITY

3.1. Introduction to a Case Study

3.2. Methods

Hypotheses

Study Area

Analytical Methods

3.3. Results

Soil Management at Plot Level

Identification of Conservatory and Degradational Pathways

Determinants of Conservatory/Degradational Pathways.

3.4. Discussions

4. CONCLUSION

Newly Emerging Challenge and Future Research Agenda

APPENDIX 1: EXPLANATORY VARIABLES FOR THE CLD PATTERNS

Chapter 4 PROTECTION OF RIPARIAN LANDSCAPES IN ISRAEL

THE IMPORTANCE OF RIPARIAN LANDSCAPES

THE RIVERS IN ISRAEL

PROTECTION OF RIPARIAN LANDSCAPES IN ISRAELI LEGISLATION

The Water Law

The Drainage Law

The Rivers Authorities Law

INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE

Drainage Authorities

Rivers Authorities

The Rivers Administration

PHYSICAL PLANNING AS A PROTECTION TOOL

National Planning

The Sharon Plan

NOP 31

NOP 35

Sectorial NOPs

Regional Planning

Local Planning

DISCUSSION

Chapter 5 COSTS AND BENEFITS OF FOREST CERTIFICATION IN THE AMERICAS

GENESIS OF FOREST CERTIFICATION

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

EXTENT OF FOREST CERTIFICATION

CERTIFICATION EVALUATION LITERATURE

Certification Impact Evaluations

Aggregate Economic Impacts

Direct and Indirect Organizational Costs

Benefits

RESEARCH METHODS

Average Total Costs

Regression Analysis

Individual Cost Components

Perceived Benefits

Perceived Disadvantages

Perceived Achievement of Benefits and Costs

Retention of Forest Certification

CONCLUSIONS

Costs

Implementation

Chapter 6 NATURAL RESOURCES, INTANGIBLE CAPITAL AND BARRIERS TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2. THE MODEL

The Production Sector

The Household Sector

3. TEMPORARY EQUILIBRIUM

4. BALANCED GROWTH

5. CALIBRATION OF THE MODEL AND RELATIVE INCOMES

Calibration

Relative Incomes

6. CONCLUDING REMARKS

APPENDIX 1. TEMPORARY EQUILIBRIUM

APPENDIX 2. BALANCED GROWTH

REFERENCES.

Chapter 7 ECONOMIC INPUT FOR RESTORATION DECISION MAKING

ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION

MICRO-ECONOMIC TOOLS

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Cost-Utility Analysis

MICRO-ECONOMIC INPUT FOR AN ADAPTIVE RESTORATION PROCESS

Selecting an Economic Tool

Criticality

Marginal Change

Availability of Cost and Benefit Measures in Monetary Units

Issues to Consider when Selecting Cost-benefit Analysis

CHALLENGES WITH THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF RESTORATION PROJECTS

Chapter 8 INTRODUCING MODELLING TOOLS TO SUPPORT WATER-MANAGEMENT DECISION-MAKING UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS: A SPANISH EXPERIENCE

1. CLIMATE CHANGE, AGRICULTURE AND WATER RESOURCES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION

1.1. The Spanish Climate-Change Adaptation Plan

1.2. Climate Change and Spanish Irrigated Agriculture: The Challenge

2. CLIMATE SCENARIOS, SEASONAL FORECASTS AND DOWNSCALING ISSUES

2.1. Weather Generators

3. SIMULATING CROP-GROWTH AND CROP WATER-USE

3.1. Crop-Growth Oriented Simulation Models

3.1.1. The DSSAT Models and the "Cascade Approach"

3.1.2. The Wageningen Models

3.1.3. Other Available Crop-Oriented Models

3.2. Agrohydrological Models

3.2.1. Constraints of Crop-Oriented Models Regarding the Simulation of Soil Water-Movement and Crop Water-Use

3.2.2. SWAP Model. Generalities

3.2.3. SWAP Model. The Simple Approach to Estimate Crop Water-Use

3.2.4. HYDRUS Model

3.2.5. Agrohydrological Models Constraints

3.2.6. Simple Crop Water-Use Simulation Models. CROPWAT

3.3. Models Calibration, Validation and Inter-Model Comparisons

4. APPLYING CLIMATE AND CROP-GROWTH SIMULATION TOOLS TO SUPPORT AGRICULTURAL DECISION-MAKING

4.1. Previous Experience

4.2. The Role of Local Agricultural Research and Extension Services.

4.3. The AGRIDEMA Proposal. General Description

4.3.1. Identifying and Contacting Developers

4.3.2. Identifying and Contacting Users

4.3.3. The AGRIDEMA Courses on Climate and Crop-Growth Simulation Tools

4.3.4. The Agridema Pilot Assessments

4.4. The Agridema Pilot-Assessments Results

4.5. A Pilot Assessment Example: Managing Sugarbeet Irrigation in the Spanish Northern Plateau under Present and Future Climate Conditions

4.5.1. SWAP Calibration and Validation. The Assessment Data

4.5.2. SWAP Calibration. The Results

4.5.3. SWAP Validation. The Results

4.5.4. Simulating Current and Future Sugarbeet Water-Use

Introducing Climate and Crop-Growth Simulation Tool to Support Agricultural Decision-Making: The "Users" Point of View

Chapter 9 THE WATER MANAGEMENT APPROACHES: TOWARDS WHERE WE GO?

2. APPROACHES TO WATER MANAGEMENT

2.1. Supply-side Management

2.2. Demand-side Management

2.3. Integrated Water Management

3. WATER-RELATED PROBLEMS IN MEXICO

4. MANAGEMENT IN MEXICO

5. CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

INDEX

Blank Page.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher.

ISBN:

1-61470-352-3

OCLC:

758384422