Recent advances in non-destructive inspection / Carosena Meola, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Meola, Carosena.

Series:

Materials science and technologies.

Materials science and technologies

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Nondestructive testing.

Materials--Testing.

Materials.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (248 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, c2010.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

It is certainly eagerness of every manufacturer to be able to look through a finished product without destroying it. Indeed, using modern technology within the application of some physical principles makes it possible to really travel inside the matter and see the invisible. Nondestructive inspection, non destructive testing and non destructive evaluation are today recurrent terms in many fields from the high-tech development to the past footsteps conservation. This new book collects theories and practices for several different non-destructive inspection techniques, which is certainly a great advantage since it facilitates the user's choice, while it may be breeding ground for generating and promoting new ideas for a better exploitation of a specific technique.

Contents:

Intro

RECENT ADVANCES IN NON-DESTRUCTIVE INSPECTION

CONTENTS

PREFACE

WHAT TO DISCOVER?

TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES

THE BOOK CONTENT

TOWARDS THE FUTURE

Chapter 1 3D LASER SCANNING SURVEYS IN THE MODELLING OF CULTURAL HERITAGE

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

1. THE METHODOLOGIES

1.1. Photogrammetry

1.1.1. A Brief History of Photogrammetry

1.1.2. Theoretical background

1.1.3. Digital Photogrammetry

1.2. Terrestrial Laser Scanning

2. APPLICATIONS

2.1. Instruments

2.2. The "Cavallo Ligneo" of the "Palazzo Della Ragione" (Padua)

2.2.1. Description

2.2.2. The Laser Scanning Survey

2.2.3. Generation of 3D Point Clouds Model

2.2.4 Hole Filling

2.2.5. 3D Surfaces Model Generation

2.3. The "Arche Scaligere" - The Cansignorio Ark (Verona)

2.3.1. Description

2.3.2. 3D Laser Scanning Survey and Data Elaboration

2.3.3. The Photogrammetric Survey

2.3.4. Datasets Comparison

2.4. "San Prosdocimo" Chapel ("Santa Giustina" Basilica)

2.4.1. Description

2.4.2. The 3D survey

2.4.3. Texture Mapping on 3D Model

3. CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 2 ULTRASOUND TESTING FOR AERONAUTICAL APPLICATIONS

1. ULTRASOUND FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION

1.1. Historical Hints

1.2. Theoretical Principles

1.3. Piezoelectric Effect and Ultrasound Transducers

1.3.1. Transducer Excitation

1.4. Inspection Techniques

1.4.1.Imaging Techniques

A-Scan

B-Scan

C-Scan

2. ULTRASOUNDS IN THE AERONAUTICAL FIELD

2.1. Composite Materials Manufacturing

2.2.1. Main Types of Defects in Composites Induced by Manufacturing Processes

2.2.2. Defects Induced by Impacting Objects

2.3. Inspection of Aeronautical Structures

2.3.1. Portable Systems

2.3.2. Ultrasound Immersion Testing.

3. NEW CONCEPTS FOR ULTRASONIC INSPECTIONS

3.1. Ultrasonic Arrays

3.2. Non-Contact Ultrasonic Inspections

Air Coupled Ultrasounds

Laser US

3.3. Advantages Versus Disadvantages of Ultrasonic Inspections

CONCLUSION

Chapter 3 ULTRASONIC AND SONIC TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO CONCRETE AND MASONRY STRUCTURES

1. INTRODUCTION

2. PRINCIPLES OF ACOUSTIC TECHNIQUES

2.1. Ultrasonic Technique

2.2. Ultrasonic Systems and Methods of Detection

2.3. Sonic Technique

2.4. Sonic System and Method of Detection

3. INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUES

3.1. Tomography Analysis

3.2. Impact Echo

3.3. Monitoring System

4. IN SITU APPLICATIONS: CASE STUDIES

4.1. Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Concrete By Means of Ultrasonic Techniques: Punta Perotti in Bari (Italy)

4.2. Sonic Technique Assessment of Crack Pattern in Masonry

4.3 Application of Sonic Tomography Analysis: The Case of a Historic Masonry Bridge Abutment

4.4. Impact-Echo Assessment of Grouting Condition in Post-Tensioned Concrete

4.5. Monitoring of Polymer Composite/Concrete Interface Behaviour

5. CONCLUSION

Chapter 4 INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY IN NON-DESTRUCTIVE INSPECTION: THEORY AND PRACTICE

1. A QUICK LOOK ON THE BASES OF INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY

2. INFRARED SYSTEMS

2.1. Detectors Classification

2.1.1. Thermal Detectors

2.1.2. Photon detectors

2.2. Detectors Performance

2.3. Progress in IR Detectors Technology

Competing Technologies

3. NON DESTRUCTIVE INSPECTION OF MATERIALS

3.1. Temperature Variation Under Heat Propagation In Solids

4. THERMOGRAPHIC METHODS FOR NON DESTRUCTIVE INSPECTION

4.1. Pulse Thermography

4.2. Lock-in Thermography

4.3. Limitations of PT and OLT and Alternative Methods

5. DEFECTS CHARACTERIZATION

6. APPLICATIONS.

6.1. Composite Materials

Chapter 5 THERMOGRAPHY IN CULTURAL HERITAGE CONSERVATION

1. MATHEMATICAL MODELS

2. FROM THE SURFACE TEMPERATURE TO THE CONTROL OF THE CULTURAL HERITAGE

3. CHARACTERISATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE MATERIALS

3.1. EVOLUTION OF DIFFUSIVITY MEASUREMENT BY IR THERMOGRAPHY: THE FLASH METHOD

3.2. In Situ Measurement of Thermal Inertia (Effusivity)

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Chapter 6 ELECTROMAGNETIC TECHNIQUES AND HIGH SENSITIVITY MAGNETIC SENSORS IN NDT FOR AERONAUTICAL APPLICATIONS

1. HISTRORICAL INFORMATION

2. PROBE AND SENSORS FOR EDDY CURRENT APPLICATIONS

2.1. Induction Coils

2.2. SQUID Magnetometers

2.3. GMR Sensors for ECT

2.4. Fluxgate Magnetometer for ECT

3. MAGNETIC FIELD RESOLUTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC PROBES IN EDDY CURRENT AERONAUTICAL APPLICATIONS

4. MAGNETIC FIELD NOISE RESOLUTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SENSORS

4.1 . Lift-off Variation

4.2. Probe Tilting

5. DETECTION OF DEEP FLAWS IN METALLIC MULTILAYER STRUCTURES

6. DETECTION OF DEFECT IN FIBER METALLIC LAMINATE MATERIAL

7. CHARACTERIZATION OF DEFECT DUE TO LOW VELOCITY IMPACT IN CARBON FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC

Chapter 7 ELECTRICAL GEOPHYSICAL METHODS TO NON-DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES

1. GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING

2. A BRIEF HISTORY OF ELECTRICAL GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

3. DIRECT CURRENT GEOELECTRIC METHOD

3.1. Theoretical Background

3.2. Acquisition and Interpretation of DC Resistivity Data

3.2.1. Data Acquisition

3.2.2.Data Interpretation

4. SELF-POTENTIAL METHOD

4.1. Origin of Self-Potentials

4.2. Acquisition and Interpretation of Self-Potential Data

4.2.1. Data Acquisition.

4.2.2.Data Interpretation

5. THE GROUND PENETRATING RADAR METHOD

5.1. Theoretical Background

5.2. Acquisition and Interpretation of GPR Data

5.2.1. Data Acquisition

5.2.2. Data Interpretation

6. APPLICATION OF ELECTRICAL MICRO-GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS FOR STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISATION OF ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES

6.1. Individuation of Micro-Geophysical Electrical Anomalies

6.1.1. Resistivity and SP Measurements

6.2.2. GPR Measurements

7. CONCLUSION

INDEX

Blank Page.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-61728-082-8

OCLC:

923662608