Building materials : properties, performance and applications / Donald N. Cornejo and Jason L. Haro, editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Cornejo, Donald N.

Haro, Jason L.

Series:

Materials science and technologies series.

Materials science and technologies series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Building materials.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (422 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Hauppauge, N.Y. : Nova Science Publishers, c2009.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Building material is any material which is used for a construction purpose. Apart from naturally occurring materials, many man-made products are in use. The manufacture of building materials is an established industry in many countries and the use of these materials is typically segmented into specific specialty trades, such as carpentry, plumbing, roofing and insulation work. This new book presents a wide variety of research on issues facing the building industry today. A study on the use of syntactic foams as a building material is presented. The acoustic performance of building materials with respect to their insulative properties is also analyzed. Other topics include the performance of building stones in relation to salt weathering, the behavior of building materials submitted to fire, the problem of microbe invasion into building materials and a study to develop a series of experimental methods to determine the moisture transport and storage properties of building materials.

Contents:

Intro

BUILDING MATERIALS: PROPERTIES, PERFORMANCE AND APPLICATIONS

CONTENTS

PREFACE

Chapter 1 SYNTACTIC FOAMS AS BUILDING MATERIALS CONSISTING OF INORGANIC HOLLOW MICROSPHERES AND STARCH BINDER

ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION

2. CONSTITUENT MATERIALS FOR SYNTACTIC FOAMS

2.1. Hollow Microspheres

2.2. Starch as Binder

3. THE PRINCIPLES OF THE BUOYANCY METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SYNTACTIC FOAMS

4. BEHAVIOUR OF HOLLOW MICROSPHERES IN AQUEOUS GELATINIZED STARCH

4.1. Lattice Models for Microsphere Dispersion in Aqueous Gelatinized Starch

4.2. Numerical Calculation of Minimum Inter-Microsphere Distance

4.3. Comparison between Theoretical and Experimental Results for VER for IBVMS

4.4. Starch Concentration between Microspheres and Syntactic Foam Density Estimation

4.5. Shrinkage after Moulding and Composition

5. INTERACTION BETWEEN STARCH PARTICLES AND HOLLOW MICROSPHERES IN AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENT

6. MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF SYNTACTIC FOAMS

6.1. Transitions in Mechanical Behaviour

6.2. Relative Conditions and Rules of Mixtures

6.3. Mechanical Properties and Failure Behaviour

7. SANDWICH COMPOSITES

7.1. Fabrication of Syntactic Foam Panel

7.2. Skin Paper Preparation for Tensile Property Characterization

7.3. Sandwich Composite Manufacture

7.4. Mechanical testing and Calculations

7.5. Constituent Materials Behaviour

7.6. Sandwich Composites Behaviour

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 2 SALT WEATHERING OF NATURAL BUILDING STONES: A REVIEW OF THE INFLUENCE OF ROCK CHARACTERISTICS

2. MINERALS AND OTHER CONSTITUENTS

2.1. Chemical Susceptibility

2.2. Physical Susceptibility

2.3. Deleterious Effects of Rock Constituents

3. TEXTURE AND STRUCTURE

4. PORE SPACE.

4.1. Bulk Properties

4.2. Pore Characteristics

5. STRENGTH

6. ALTERATION HISTORY

7. HETEROGENEITY

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Chapter 3 STUDY ON ADSORPTION AND THERMOELECTRIC COOLING SYSTEMS USING BOLTZMANN TRANSPORT EQUATION APPROACH

ABBRIVIATIONS

Subscripts

Superscripts

2. GENERAL FORM OF BALANCE EQUATIONS

2.1. Derivation of the Thermodynamic Framework

2.2. Mass Balance Equation

2.3. Momentum Balance Equation

2.4. Energy Balance Equation

2.5. Summary of Section 2

3. CONSERVATION OF ENTROPY

4. ADSORPTION COOLING

4.1. Description of Adsorption Cooling Model

Evaporator

Adsorption Isotherms and Kinetics

Bed

Condenser

Mass Balance

4.2. Discussion

4.3. Summary of Section 4

5. MACRO AND MICRO THERMOELECTRIC COOLERS

5.1. Thermoelectric Cooling

5.1.1. Energy Balance Analysis

5.1.2. Entropy Balance Analysis

5.1.3. Temperature-Entropy Plots of Bulk Thermoelectric Cooling Device

5.2. Transient Behavior of Thermoelectric Cooler

5.2.1. Derivation of the T-S Relation

5.2.2. Discussion

5.2.3. Summary of Section 5.2

5.3. Microscopic Analysis: Super-Lattice Type Devices

5.3.1. Thermodynamic Modeling for Thin-Film Thermoelectrics

5.3.2. Discussion

5.3.3. Summary of Section 5.3

CONCLUSIONS

APPENDIX. GAUSS THEOREM APPROACH

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Chapter 4 MICROBES AND BUILDING MATERIALS

2. MICROORGANISMS COLONIZING ROCK, PLASTER, MORTAR, PAINT COATINGS, PLASTER BOARD AND OTHER BUILDING MATERIALS

2.1. Scenario of Microbial Settlement in Building Materials and Monuments

2.2. Bacteria

2.3. Fungi

2.4. Cyanobaceria and Algae

2.5. Lichens.

3. MECHANISMS AND DESTRUCTION PHENOMENA CAUSED BY MICROBES RANGING FROM MERE ESTHETICAL SPOILAGE TO SIGNIFICANT MATERIAL LOSSES

4. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS - HUMIDITY, VENTILATION, NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY - ENHANCING OR INHIBITING MICROBIAL GROWTH

5. STATE OF THE ART: METHODS FOR DETECTION AND ANALYSIS OF BIODETERIORATIVE ORGANISMS, ESPECIALLY HIGHLIGHTING THE MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES

5.1. Culture-Dependent Strategy

5.1.1. Microscopy Techniques

5.2. Molecular Strategy

5.2.1. Extraction of Nucleic Acids from Collected Samples

5.2.2. PCR Amplification of Target Genes

5.2.3. Genotyping Techniques-Fingerprinting

5.2.4. Creation of Clone Libraries and Sequence Analysis

5.2.5. In Situ-Hybridization Analysis

5.2.6. RNA-Based Molecular Analyses

5.3. Culture-Dependent Versus Culture-Independent Techniques

6. POSSIBLE STRATEGIES FOR ANTIMICROBIAL TREATMENTS AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES WITH FOCUS ON PROS AND CONS OF HYDROPHOBIC TREATMENTS, NANO-TECHNOLOGY BASED PAINT COATINGS AND NOVEL DISINFECTANTS

6.1. Cleaning and Biocide Treatments

6.2. Consolidants, Coatings and Hydrophobic Treatment

6.3. Cementations, Fillings, Substitutes, Artificial Material

Chapter 5 DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE TRANSPORT AND STORAGE PROPERTIES OF BUILDING MATERIALS

2. DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE DIFFUSIVITY

2.1. Slice-Dry-Weigh Method

2.2. Gamma-Ray Attenuation

2.3. Neutron Radiography

2.4. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

2.5. Computer Tomography

3. EVALUATION OF ISOTHERMAL MOISTURE TRANSPORT COEFFICIENTS

3.1. Gravimetric Sorption-Desorption Method (LEPTAB)

Describe of the Method

Experimental Study

Materials and Conservation

Isothermal Absorption-Desportion Tests (Belarbi Et Al. 2006)

2.1.5. Measurement Results

Discussions

3.2. Cup Method (DBM)

Experimental Set-Up.

Measured Results

4. EVALUATION OF THE TEMPERATURE GRADIENT COEFFICIENT

4.1. Description

4.2. Experimental Set-Up

Materials and Preparations

Tests and Measurements

4.3. Measurement Results

5. DETERMINATION OF THE SORPTION ISOTHERMS OF LIME-CEMENT MORTAR

5.1. Experimental Set-Up

5.2. Measurement Results

Chapter 6 BUILDING MATERIALS AND ACOUSTIC COMFORT: SIMULATIONS, MEASUREMENTS AND APPLICATIONS

2. SOUND INSULATION - SOUND INSULATION INDEX - ACOUSTICS DEFINITIONS

3. FIELD MEASUREMENTS AND SIMULATION OF THE SOUND INSULATION INDEX

4. MEASUREMENTS AND APPLICATIONS

Home 1

Home 2

Home 3

Home 4

Home 5

Home 6

Home 7

Home 8

Chapter 7 RADON EXHALATION RATES OF BUILDING MATERIALS: EXPERIMENTAL, ANALYTICAL PROTOCOL AND CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP

VALIDATION TEST

EXHALATION RATES CALCULATION

Radon Exhalation Calculation

Thoron Exhalation Calculations

THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON RADON EXHALATION RATES

GUIDELINES TO SET A STANDARD PROTOCOL TO MEASURE RADON EXHALATION RATES

Exhalation Rates of Building Materials and Proposal of a Classification Scheme

Chapter 8 HIGH TEMPERATURES BEHAVIOR OF MASONRY STRUCTURES: MODELIZATION AND PARAMETRIC STUDY

NOMENCLATURE

2. THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE HYDRO-THERMAL MODEL

2.1. The model's Hypothesis

2.2. Constitutive Equations

2.2.1. Conservation Laws

2.2.1.a. Liquid Water Mass Conservation

2.2.1.b. Vapor Mass Conservation

2.2.1.c. Dry Air Mass Conservation

2.2.1.d. Entropy Equation

2.2.2. Constitutive Equations

2.2.2.a. Darcy's Law for Liquid Water Flow

2.2.2.b. Darcy's Law for Gas Mixture Flow.

2.2.2.c. Fick's Laws

2.2.2.d. Fourier's Law

2.2.2.e. Liquid Vapor Phase-Change Law

2.2.3. State Equations

3. GOVERNING EQUATIONS OF THE HYDRO-THERMAL MODEL

3.1. Water and Vapor Mass Diffusion

3.2. Dry Air Mass Diffusion

3.3. Energy Diffusion

4. NUMERICAL FORMULATION OF THE MODEL

4.1. Presentation of Equations Under Matrix Form

4.2. Finite Volume Discretization

4.2.1. Principle of the Finite Volume Method

4.2.2. Discretization of Model's Equations

5. NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS AND EXPERIMENTAL TESTS

5.1. Experimental Test Description

5.2. Thermal Boundary Conditions

5.2.1. Face Exposed to Fire

5.2.2. Face Non Exposed to Fire

5.3. Hydrous Boundary Conditions

5.4. Numerical Simulation

5.4.1. Drying a Thin Wall by Elevated Temperatures

5.4.2. Material Properties

5.5. Results and Discussions

5.5.1. Comparison between Theoretical and Experimental Results

5.5.2. Numerical Results

5.5.1.a. Temperature Evolution

5.5.1.b. Vapor Pressure Evolution

5.6. Effects of Some Parameters on the Hydro-Thermal Response of Thin Wall

5.6.1. Initial Water Content Effect

5.6.2. Intrinsic Permeability Effect

5.6.3. Effect of the Form of Isotherm Sorption Curve

APPENDIX 1.

APPENDIX 2. COMPONENTS RESULTING FROM THE EQUATIONS REPRESENTED UNDER THE MATRIX FORM

APPENDIX 3. VARIATION OF DIFFERENT PHYSICAL UNITS

Chapter 9 AGRICULTURAL WASTES AS BUILDING MATERIALS: PROPERTIES, PERFORMANCE AND APPLICATIONS

VEGETABLE FIBERS AS NON-CONVENTIONAL BUILDING MATERIAL

PHOSPHOGYPSUM AS NON-CONVENTIONAL BUILDING MATERIAL

VEGETABLE FIBER-CEMENT: COMPONENT, COMPOSITE, AND PERFORMANCE

ROOFING TILES

Improving Tiles Performance By Accelerated Carbonation

Thermal Properties of Undulated Tiles.

STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF THE COMPOSITES.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

1-61728-154-9

OCLC:

923662378