Antiterrorist emergency ventilation : system, strategy and decision-making / Xianting Li, Hao Cai, and Lina Zhao.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Li, Xianting.

Contributor:

Cai, Hao.

Zhao, Lina.

Series:

Terrorism, hot spots and conflict-related issues.

Terrorism, hot spots, and conflict-related issues series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Emergency ventilation.

Terrorism--Prevention--Equipment and supplies.

Terrorism.

Decontamination (from gases, chemicals, etc.).

Gases, Asphyxiating and poisonous.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (115 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, c2009.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

There are two kinds of antiterrorist emergency ventilation system. One is to defend indoor environment against chemical and biological agent (CBA) attacks. The other is to supply calmative gas to incapacitate terrorists when they hold hostages in public buildings. What kind of system and ventilation strategy can be used for antiterrorism, and how to make decision are introduced in the book. There are six sections in the book. How the emergency ventilation systems work is introduced in the first section. The second section is on the theory of contaminant dispersion and identification of contaminant source. For the theory of contaminant dispersion, both computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method and analytical formula of contaminant distribution are introduced. For the theory of contaminant source identification, an algorithm to identify the position and intensity of contaminant source with limited number of sensors is proposed and demonstrated for its effectiveness. The third section is on the evacuation model and evaluation of exposure risk. Both cellular automata (CA) model and spatial-grid evacuation model (SGEM) are introduced for modelling evacuation process. The relative exposure risk index, EFCS, and absolute exposure risk index, PIR, are introduced to evaluate the exposure risk of contaminant. Both the second section and third section are the fundamental of emergency ventilation. Based on section 2 and 3, the ventilation strategy and decision-making are introduced for emergency ventilation against contaminant suddenly released in public building in section 4 and for emergency ventilation to rescue hostages held by terrorists in section 5, respectively. Section 6 is the summary of the whole book.

Contents:

Intro

ANTITERRORIST EMERGENCYVENTILATION: SYSTEM,STRATEGY AND DECISION-MAKING

ANTITERRORIST EMERGENCY VENTILATION: SYSTEM, STRATEGY AND DECISION-MAKING

CONTENTS

PREFACE

NOMENCLATURE

GREEK LETTERS

ABBREVIATIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

WHY IS ANTITERRORIST EMERGENCYVENTILATION NEEDED?

1.1. BACKGROUND

1.2. ANTITERRORIST EMERGENCY VENTILATION SYSTEM

1.2.1. Previous Studies

1.2.2. Emergency Ventilation System against ContaminantSuddenly Released in Public Building

1.2.3. Emergency Ventilation System for Rescuing Hostages Heldby Terrorists

MODELING OF CONTAMINANT DISPERSIONAND SOURCE IDENTIFICATION

2.1. CFD METHOD

2.1.1. Physical and Mathematical Modeling

2.1.2. Numerical Method

2.2. MODELING OF CONTAMINANT DISPERSION

2.2.1. Concept of Accessibility

2.2.2. Temporal and Spatial Distribution Formula of Contaminant

2.3. Identification of Contaminant Source

2.3.1. Introduction

2.3.2. Method to Identify Source with Limited Number of Sensors

2.3.3. Demonstration Cases of Source Identification

EVACUATION MODEL AND EVALUATION OFEXPOSURE RISK

3.1. MODELING OF EVACUATION

3.1.1. Review of Existing Evacuation Models

3.1.2. Spatial-grid Evacuation Model (SGEM)

(1) Computational Principles

(2) Simulation Method

3.1.3. Cellular Automata Model

(1) Basic Model

(2) Extended Model

3.2. EVALUATION OF EXPOSURE RISK

3.2.1. Concept of Occupied Density, Exposure Cell and its LayeredModel

(1) Occupied Density (OD)

(2) Exposure Cell and its Layered Model

3.2.2. Relative Exposure Risk Index ⎯ Efficiency Factor ofContaminant Source

3.2.3. Absolute Exposure Risk Index ⎯ Population Injury Rate

EMERGENCY VENTILATION SYSTEM AGAINSTCONTAMINANT SUDDENLY RELEASED INPUBLIC BUILDING

4.1. INTRODUCTION

4.2. DECISION ANALYSIS METHOD FOR EMERGENCYVENTILATION SYSTEM.

4.2.1. Overview of Decision Analysis

4.2.2. Modeling the Decision Problem of Emergency VentilationSystem

(1) Decision Alternatives

(2) States of Nature

(3) Payoffs

4.2.3. Decision under Certainty

4.2.4. Decision under Risk

4.2.5. Decision under Uncertainty

(1) Maximax Criterion

(2) Maximin Criterion

(3) Hurwicz Criterion

4.3. DEMONSTRATION EXAMPLES OF EMERGENCYVENTILATION DECISION-MAKING

4.3.1. Example 1: Decision Analysis Based on Relative ExposureRisk

(1) Case Setup

(2) Numerical Procedure

(3) Results and Discussion

4.3.2. Example 2: Decision Analysis Based on Absolute ExposureRisk

EMERGENCY VENTILATION SYSTEM FORRESCUING HOSTAGES HELD BY TERRORISTS

5.1. INTRODUCTION

5.2. STRATEGY OF EMERGENCY VENTILATION

Option A

Option B

Opition C

5.3. DEMONSTRATION EXAMPLE OFEMERGENCY VENTILATION

5.3.1. Description of Building

5.3.2. Optimal Ventilation Strategy

SUMMARY

REFERENCES

INDEX.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

1-61209-850-9

OCLC:

704434449