Chemical mineralogy, smelting and metallization / Eugene D. McLaughlin and Levan A. Breaux, editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

McLaughlin, Eugene D., 1959-

Breaux, Levan A., 1961-

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Environmental forensics.

Environmental chemistry.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (386 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, c2009.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

This text presents research on mineralogy, including a review on the chemical mineralogy of ornamental rock waste and water treatment plant waste, which are produced world-wide in large scales and are a concerning issue for industry and environmentalists alike.

Contents:

Intro

Chemical Mineralogy, Smelting and Metallization

Contents

Preface

A New Solid Solution, [(Co, Mn, Ni)(OH)2], in the Vermion Mt (Greece) and Its Genetic Significance for the Mineral Group of Hydroxides

Abstract

Introduction

Global Occurrences of Ni(OH)2 and (Ni,Co,Mn)(OH)2

Analytical Methods

Characteristic Features of the (Co,Mn,Ni)(OH)2

Chemical Composition

Mineralogical and Geochemical Constraints on the Genesis of the (Co,Mn,Ni)(OH)2

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Distribution of Clay Minerals in Upland Soils under Different Weathering Conditions of Humid Asia

1. Introduction

2. Materials and Methods

4. Conclusion: Close Relationship among Geological and Climatic Conditions, Clay Mineralogy, and Soil Chemical Properties in Upland Soils in Humid Asia

Chemical Mineralogy of Solid Waste Materials for Use in Ceramics

2. Using Solid Waste Materials in Ceramics

3. The Chemical Mineralogy of Wastes

4. Incorporation of the Wastes into Ceramic Pastes

On the Origin of Platinum-Group Element-Enrichment and Extremely Large (Os-Ir-Ru)-Minerals: Evidence from the Activation Energy Values Estimated by the Arrhenius Equation

PGE Contents and Composition of Ru-Ir-Os-Minerals in Chromite Ores Associated with Ophiolites

Controlling Factors of Ipgm Formation

Implications for the IPGM Crystallization

Reliability of the Estimated Value of Activation Energy

Applications of the Activation Energy to the Origion of Large IPGM-Phases

Mass-Balance Calculations and Stable Isotope Systematics of Mesothermal Gold Deposits: Example from Betam Mine, Egypt

Geologic and Structural Setting.

Gold Mineralization

Hydrothermal Alteration

Geochemistry of the Altered Wallrocks

Discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

Environmental Impact of Smelting Activities

2. Factors Controlling Trace Element Distribution and Transfer in the Soil-Vegetation-Water Systems

3. Example of Environmental Impact of Smelting Activities: Tharsis, Riotinto and Huelva (Iberian Pyrite Belt, SW Spain)

Environmental Application of Smelting - Combination of Smelting Technique with Gasification for Solid Waste Management

Principle of Smelting

Principle of Gasification

Development of Gasification-Smelting Unit

Waste-to-Energy Project in the Czech Republic

Results and Discussion

General Remarks and Perspective

About the Descriptions of Iron Metallurgy in the 18th Century - from Phlogiston and Plumbago to Oxygen, which Place for Carbon in Cast Iron?

1. Preliminary Definitions

2. The Question of Purity at the Beginning of the 18th Century

3. Phlogiston and Plumbago in Iron Products

4. Description of Cast Iron after First Chemical Analysis

5. Clarification: Carbon and/or Oxygen?

6. Inveterate Conservatives

7. About the Special French Situation

Appendix I: Analysis of Carbon in Iron by Acid Dissolution

Integral Evaluation of Efficiency of Remediation Methods for Baikal Region Gray Forest Soil Polluted by Aluminum Production Fluorides

Materials and Methods

The Environmental Impact of Discharging Metalliferous Waste in a Mediterranean Coastal Area (Aegean Sea, N. Evvoikos Gulf, Greece)

Introduction.

Materials and Methods

Electrochemical Mechanical Planarization of Copper with Corrosion Organic Inhibitors

Experimental

Result

Finite Element Simulations of Metallization Structures for Reliability Prediction

1. Metallization Materials

2. Material Properties

3. Migration Mechanism and Simulation Flow

4. Description of the Simulation Models

5. Nanointerconnects

6. Process-Induced Stress

7. Influence of Different Variations (Barrier Thickness and Material, Via Dimension and IMD)

8. Comparison of the Different Technology Nodes

9. Dynamic Void Simulation

10. Conclusions

11. References

Metallization over Nonplanar Surfaceses

2. Problems Associated with Metalization Over Nonplanar Wafers

3. Spray Coating over Nonplanar Surfaces

4. Other Photoresist Coating Methods

5. Applications

Room-Temperature Resistivity of Ti/Pt Thin Films on LTCC/Glass Substrates upon High Temperature Annealing

2. Device Preparation and Experimental Procedure

3. Results

Summary and Conclusion

Atomic Layer Deposition of Metals for Sub 45 Nm Cu Metallization

I. Introduction

II. Ald of Ta-Based Diffusion Barriers

III. PE-ALD Diffusion Barriers on Low K Materials

IV. ALD for Seed Layers

Index.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

1-60876-765-5