Coal mining : research, technology and safety / Gerald B. Fosdyke editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Fosdyke, Gerald B.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Coal mines and mining.

Coal mines and mining--Safety measures.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (314 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, c2008.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Although it is a rock rather than a mineral (the building blocks of rocks), coal is often considered to be a mineral resource. Coal has been mined since ancient Roman times, but it has become a major energy source only since the Industrial Revolution. It currently provides 22 percent of the world's energy, and is used to generate approximately 40 percent of electricity world-wide. Coal generates more than half of all electricity in the United States. Coal is also an important ingredient in the creation of methanol which turns up in such items as plywood (binding resin) and plastic bottles (acetic acid). Reserves are widely distributed throughout the globe, although the United States, Russia, China, and India account for more than half of the world's recoverable coal reserves. This book presents new research in the field.

Contents:

Intro

COAL MINING: RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY AND SAFETY

NOTICE TO THE READER

CONTENTS

PREFACE

HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION OF AGRONOMIC CROPS GROWN ON THREE RECLAIMED MINE WASTELANDS IN SOUTH CHINA AND IMPLICATIONS FOR ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The Study Site

Sample Collection and Analysis

Pollution Assessment

Bioaccumulation Factor

RESULTS

Heavy Metals in Agronomic Crops

Pollution Assessment of Agronomic Crops

Heavy Metals in Soils and Crop Accumulation

DISCUSSION

Safety of Agronomic Crops Grown on the Reclaimed Mine Wastelands

Implications for Restoration of Mine Wastelands

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

NOTE ON RHENIUM IN COAL

RHENIUM IN COALS OF THE FORMER USSR: UZBEKISTAN, RUSSIA AND UKRAINE

An Estimation of Coal Clarke Value of Re

SPANISH RE-BEARING "LIGNITES"

RHENIUM IN INFILTRATION URANIUM-COAL DEPOSITS

Mode of Reoccurrence in Coal

BEHAVIOR OF RE IN COAL COMBUSTION

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

1. COAL MINING AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT (UPPER SILESIA, SOUTHERN POLAND)

2. IMPACT OF COAL MINE WATERS ON THE FRESHWATER ORGANISMS

2.1. Diversity Indices and Water Quality Assessment

2.2. Impact of Coal Mine Waters on Macroinvertebrates in Streams (Rivers)

3. ACID-MINE DRAINAGE AND METALS IN RELATION TO FRESHWATER ORGANISMS

3.1. What Exactly is Acid Mine Drainage (AMD)?

3.2. Impact of AMD on Algae and Bryophytes

3.3. The Biological Consequences of Low Values of pH

3.4. Impact of AMD on Streams, Sediments and Macroinvertebrates

3.5. Rivers Contaminated by Metals in Relation to Algae, Macrophytes and Macroinvertebrates.

4. THE EPISODIC AND CHRONIC IMPACT OF COAL MINE WATER ON MACROINVERTEBRATES IN STREAMS

5. THE MINING SUBSIDENCE RESERVOIRS OF UPPER SILESIA (SOUTHERN POLAND)

5.1. The Origin of the Mining Subsidence Reservoirs

5.2. The Physical and Chemical Parameters of Waters

5.3. The Bottom Sediments

5.4. The Reclamation of Mining Subsidence Reservoirs

5.5. The Mining Subsidence Reservoirs as Refuges for the Lives of Multiple Organisms

6. THE EFFECT OF COAL MINING ON MACROPHYTES

6.1. Ecological Classification of Macrophytes

6.2. Coal Mine Heaps, Coal Mine Sedimentation Pools and Mining Subsidence Reservoirs as Habitats for Macrophytes (Upper Silesia, Southern Poland)

6.3. Macrophytes Subjected to the Coal Mine Waters

6.4. Macrophytes in the Coal Mine Water Treatment System

6.5. Macrophytes in the Assessment of Water Quality in Rivers Impacted by Coal Mine Waters

7. COAL MINING AREAS AS REFUGES FOR WILDLIFE

8. CONCLUSION

9. REFERENCES

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS) IN COAL PARTICLES ON SEDIMENT QUALITY

1. INTRODUCTION

2. POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS) IN THE ENVIRONMENT

2.1. PAH Characteristics, Properties and Toxicity

2.2. PAH Sources

2.3. PAHs in Coals

3. COALS AND PAH-RICH COALS IN SEDIMENTS

4. IDENTIFICATION OF GEOSORBENTS

5. SORPTION AND DESORPTION

5.1. Sorption

5.2. Sorption-Desorption Hysteresis

5.3. Slow and Very Slow Desorption

6. SOURCE APPORTIONMENT

6.1. PAH Distribution Patterns

6.2. PAH Ratios

6.3. Principal Component Analysis (PCA)

7. CONCLUSIONS

MONITORING ACTIVITIES OF LEACHING MICROORGANISMS AT COAL MINING SITES

MICROBIOLOGY OF METAL SULFIDE LEACHING

SULFUR CHEMISTRY AND HEAT PRODUCTION

Oxidation of Pyrite

Oxidation of Other Metal Sulfides.

Heat Evolution during Metal Sulfide Oxidation

COMBINED TEST FOR AMD ACTIVITY MONITORING

Microcalorimetry

Sulfur Compound Analysis

WASTE MATERIAL FROM HARD COAL MINING IN THE SAARLAND, GERMANY

WASTE MATERIAL FROM LIGNITE MINING IN LOWER SAXONY, GERMANY

COMPARISON OF CALORIMETRY WITH OTHER MONITORING METHODS

ANALYSIS OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES AT AMD SITES BY MOLECULAR TOOLS

CONCLUSIONS

SOIL BIOTA DEVELOPMENT IN AREAS AFFECTED BY OPEN COAST COAL MINING IN EUROPE AND ITS ROLE IN SOIL FORMATION

STUDY SITES AND METHOD

SOIL BIOTA ESTABLISHMENT IN POST-MINING SITES, CONSTRAINTS, AND COLONIZATION

SOIL BIOTA DEVELOPMENT IN POST-MINING SITES WITH VARIOUS VEGETATION COVER

THE EFFECT OF SOIL BIOTA ON SOIL FORMATION NUTRIENT TURNOVER AND PLANT GROWTH.

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

CONTAMINATIONS BY NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES AS A RESULT OF COAL MINING ACTIVITIES

NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY

DEFINITIONS OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS

COAL IN THE SCOPE OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY

TENORM PRODUCED BY MINING

RADON

AQUATIC HAZARD OF SELENIUM POLLUTION FROM COAL MINING

What Is Selenium and Why Is It a Concern?

Background on Selenium Bioaccumulation, Cycling, and Toxicity

CASE EXAMPLES OF IMPACTS ON FISH

Elk Valley, British Columbia, Canada

Mud River Watershed, West Virginia, USA

HOW TO REDUCE RISKS TO AQUATIC LIFE

For Coal Mines in the Planning Stage

For Active Coal Mines

For Decommissioned Coal Mines

FLUORINE IN COAL: A REVIEW

2. FLUORINE IN ENVIRONMENT

3. AN ESTIMATION OF COAL CLARKE VALUE OF F

4. "COAL AFFINITY" INDEX (COALPHILE INDEX) OF F

5. SOME COALS ENRICHED IN F.

5.1. Russia: Various Coals

5.2. Greece: Neogene Lignites

5.3. China: Various Coals

5.4. USA: Alabama Pennsylvanian Coals

5.5. Canada: Cretaceous Coals

6. MODE OF FLUORINE OCCURRENCE IN COAL

6.1. Silicate Form

6.2. Phosphatic Form

6.3. Fluorite Form

6.4. Organic Form?

7. FACTORS AFFECTING FLUORINE DISTRIBUTION

7.1 Ash Yield

7.2. Content of Phosphorus

7.3 Position of a Bench within Coal Bed Column

8. GENETIC PROBLEMS

8.1. Does F Have an Organic Affinity?

8.2. May F be Facies Controlled?

8.3. May F Be Volcanic Controlled?

8.4. Epigenetic F-Enrichment

9. BEHAVIOR OF F IN COAL COMBUSTION

9.1. Pulverized Coal Combustion

9.2. Cyclone Burning

9.3. Semicoking

10. TECHNOLOGICAL INJURIOUS ACTION

11. ENVIRONMENTAL TOPICS

11.1 Toxicity

11.2. Atmospheric Emission

11.3. Fluorine Poisoning of Surface Waters

11. 4. "Threshold of F Toxicity" in Coal

12. COAL CLEANING AND FLUE GAS CLEAN UP

13. CONCLUSION

ENVIRONMENTALLY COMPATIBLE LAND USE ZONING IN A REPRESENTATIVE POWER GRADE COALFIELD IN INDIA: A MULTI-CRITERIA OPTIMIZATION APPROACH

1.1. Land Use Models and Recent Approach

1.2.The Representative Power Grade Coalfield

2. LAND USE ZONING OBJECTIVES FOR THE REPRESENTATIVE POWER GRADE COALFIELD

3. RESOURCE BASED LAND USE SUITABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

3.1. Land Use Suitability Evaluation

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

5. CONCLUSIONS

PATHOGENESIS, ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSTICS OF RESPIRATORY DISORDERS IN COAL MINERS

OBJECTIVE

2. DEFINITIONS OF ANTHRACOSIS, SILICOSIS, CWP, PMF AND OTHER DISORDERS IN COAL MINERS

3. PATHOGENETIC ASPECTS

4. CLINICAL FINDINGS

a) Chronic Bronchitis

b) Lung Function Impairment in Coal Miners.

c) Comparison of Histopathologic Findings and Chest X-Ray Profusion Categories

d) Discrepancies between Lung Function Tests and Chest X-Ray Findings

5. MORTALITY STUDIES

6. DIAGNOSTICS (SEE TABLE 1)

7. ASSESSMENT OF CAUSAL RELATION IN A COMPENSATION CLAIM

POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AND ITS DETERMINANTS IN SURVIVORS AFTER COAL MINING DISASTER

Hypotheses

METHOD

Subjects

Measures

Procedure

INDEX.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

1-60876-318-8