An introduction to the physiology of hearing / James Pickles.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Pickles, James O., author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Hearing.

Ear--Physiology.

Ear.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (459 pages)

Edition:

4th ed.

Place of Publication:

Bingley : Emerald, 2012.

Summary:

This book deals with the way that the auditory system processes acoustic signals. The current edition has been thoroughly revised to reflect the progress that has been made since the previous edition. Particularly major updates have been made in the following areas: cochlear function, including cochlear mechanics, hair cell function and mechanisms of transduction; the auditory central nervous system, a major area of advance in recent years; physiological correlates of auditory perception, including speech perception; and, cochlear pathophysiology and sensorineural hearing loss, including the r

Contents:

Front cover

An Introduction to the physiology of hearing

Copyright page

Contents

Preface to the fourth edition

From the preface to the first edition

Abbreviations

Reading plan

1 The physics and analysis of sound

1.1 The nature of sound

1.2 The decibel scale

1.3 Impedance

1.4 The analysis of sound

1.5 Linearity

1.6 Summary

2 The outer and middle ears

2.1 The outer ear

2.1.1 The pressure gain of the outer ear

2.1.2 The outer ear as an aid to sound localization

2.2 The middle ear

2.2.1 Introduction

2.2.2 The middle ear as an impedance transformer

2.2.3 The middle ear muscles

2.3 Summary

2.4 Further reading

3 The cochlea

3.1 Anatomy

3.1.1 General anatomy

3.1.2 The organ of Corti

3.1.3 The innervation of the organ of Corti

3.2 The mechanics of the cochlea

3.2.1 The travelling wave

3.2.2 Current measurements of the travelling wave

3.2.3 Theories of cochlear mechanics

3.3 The fluid spaces of the cochlea

3.3.1 The endolymphatic and perilymphatic spaces

3.3.2 The endolymph

3.3.3 The perilymph

3.4 Hair cell responses

3.4.1 Hair cell responses in vitro

3.4.2 Inner hair cell responses in vivo

3.4.3 Outer hair cell responses in vivo

3.5 The gross evoked potentials

3.5.1 The cochlear microphonic

3.5.2 The summating potential

3.5.3 The gross neural potentials

3.6 Summary

3.7 Further reading

4 The auditory nerve

4.1 Anatomy

4.2 Physiology

4.2.1 Response to tones

4.2.2 Response to clicks

4.2.3 Frequency resolution as a function of intensity and type of stimulation

4.2.4 Response to complex stimuli

4.3 Summary

4.4 Further reading

5 Mechanisms of transduction and excitation in the cochlea

5.1 Introduction

5.2 The structure of the transducer region

5.2.1 Stereocilia and cuticular plate.

5.2.2 The cross-linking of stereocilia

5.2.3 The mechanotransducer channels

5.3 The electrophysiological analysis of mechanotransduction

5.3.1 Cell membrane potentials

5.3.2 Mechanotransduction

5.4 The origin of sharp tuning in the cochlea

5.4.1 Is an active process necessary theoretically?

5.4.2 Models incorporating an active mechanical process

5.4.3 Outer hair cells: needed for low thresholds and sharp tuning

5.4.4 Active mechanical processes in the cochlea: cochlear emissions

5.4.5 Motility in outer hair cells

5.4.6 Cochlear micromechanics

5.4.7 Conclusions on cochlear mechanical amplification

5.5 Hair cells and neural excitation

5.5.1 Stimulus coupling to inner and outer hair cells

5.5.2 Activation of auditory nerve fibres

5.5.3 Neurotransmitter release

5.6 Cochlear non-linearity

5.6.1 The non-linear growth of cochlear responses

5.6.2 Two-tone suppression

5.6.3 Combination tones

5.7 Summary

5.8 Further reading

6 The subcortical nuclei

6.1 Considerations in studying the auditory central nervous system

6.2 The cochlear nuclei

6.2.1 Output pathways

6.2.2 Input pathways

6.2.3 The ventral binaural sound localization stream: the bushy cells of the anteroventral and posteroventral cochlear nucleus

6.2.4 Cells of the posteroventral cochlear nucleus: contributions to both binaural localization and to identification

6.2.5 The dorsal cochlear nucleus: sound identification and localization in the vertical plane

6.2.6 Excitation and inhibition in the cochlear nucleus

6.2.7 Functions of the cochlear nucleus

6.3 The superior olivary complex

6.3.1 Innervation and overall anatomy

6.3.2 The ventral sound localization stream: comparing the intensities of the stimuli at the two ears.

6.3.3 The ventral sound localization stream: comparing the timing of the stimuli at the two ears

6.3.4 Summary of role of superior olivary complex in sound localization

6.4 Ascending pathways of the brainstem and the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus

6.4.1 The ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus

6.4.2 The dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus

6.5 The inferior colliculus

6.5.1 General anatomy

6.5.2 The central nucleus

6.5.3 The external nucleus and dorsal cortex

6.6 The medial geniculate body

6.6.1 Overall anatomy and inputs

6.6.2 The ventral nucleus

6.6.3 The medial and dorsal nuclei

6.7 Brainstem reflexes

6.7.1 Middle ear muscle reflex

6.7.2 Acoustic startle

6.7.3 Orientation

6.7.4 Audiogenic seizures

6.8 Summary

6.9 Further reading

7 The auditory cortex

7.1 Organization

7.1.1 Anatomy and projections

7.1.2 Tonotopic organization

7.1.3 Organization along the frequency-band strips

7.2 The responses of single neurones

7.2.1 Responses in the core

7.2.2 Responses in the belt

7.3 Cortical processing of sound location

7.3.1 Behavioural experiments

7.3.2 Electrophysiological responses

7.4 Cortical processing and stimulus complexity

7.4.1 Behavioural experiments

7.4.2 Physiological responses

7.5 Overview of functions of the auditory cortex

7.6 Summary

7.7 Further reading

8 The centrifugal pathways

8.1 Introduction

8.2 The olivocochlear bundle

8.2.1 Anatomy

8.2.2 Neurotransmitters

8.2.3 Physiology and function

8.3 Centrifugal pathways to the cochlear nuclei

8.3.1 Anatomy

8.3.2 Neurotransmitters

8.3.3 Physiology and function

8.4 Centrifugal pathways in higher centres

8.4.1 Anatomy

8.4.2 Physiology and function

8.5 Summary

8.6 Further reading.

9 Physiological correlates of auditory psychophysics and performance

9.1 Introduction

9.2 The absolute threshold

9.3 Frequency resolution

9.3.1 A review of the psychophysics of frequency resolution

9.3.2 Quantitative relations between psychophysics and physiology in frequency resolution

9.3.3 Frequency resolution in the auditory central nervous system

9.3.4 Co-modulation masking release: analysis across filters

9.4 Frequency discrimination

9.4.1 Place and time coding

9.4.2 A psychophysical model for pitch perception and its relation to physiology

9.5 Intensity and loudness

9.5.1 Stimulus coding as a function of intensity

9.5.2 Loudness

9.6 Sound localization and spatial hearing

9.6.1 Introduction

9.6.2 Mechanisms of sound localization

9.6.3 Spatial release from masking and the binaural masking level difference

9.7 Speech

9.7.1 What is special about speech?

9.7.2 Auditory nerve and brainstem responses

9.7.3 Cortical responses to vocalizations in non-human species

9.7.4 Responses to speech in the human cortex

9.8 Summary

9.9 Further reading

10 Sensorineural hearing loss

10.1 Types of hearing loss

10.2 Sensorineural hearing loss of cochlear origin: mechanisms of pathology

10.2.1 Ototoxicity

10.2.2 Acoustic trauma

10.2.3 Genetic causes

10.2.4 Ageing

10.3 Sensorineural hearing loss of cochlear origin: functional changes

10.3.1 Physiological changes

10.3.2 Psychophysical correlates

10.4 Physiological aspects of the cochlear prosthesis

10.4.1 Introduction

10.4.2 Physiological background

10.4.3 Results

10.5 Cellular replacement, protection and gene therapy in the inner ear

10.5.1 Introduction

10.5.2 Production of new hair cells by transdifferentiation of supporting cells.

10.5.3 Production of new hair cells by mitosis in the mammalian cochlea

10.5.4 Gene therapy

10.5.5 Stem cell therapy

10.5.6 Cell protection

10.6 Summary

10.7 Further reading

References

Index

Color Plates.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

1-283-54865-8

9786613861108

1-78052-167-7

OCLC:

821875323