Elements of modern X-ray physics / Jens Als-Nielsen, Des McMorrow.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Als-Nielsen, J. (Jens), 1937-

Contributor:

McMorrow, Des.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

X-rays.

Electromagnetic waves.

Physical Description:

xii, 419 p. : ill. (some col.)

Edition:

2nd ed.

Place of Publication:

Chichester, West Sussex : John Wiley, 2011.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

"Although the book has been written from the perspective of two physicists, we hope that it will be useful to the wider community of biologists, chemists, material scientists, etc., who work at synchrotron radiation facilities around the world"-- Provided by publisher.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Contents

Preface

Preface to the first edition

Acknowledgements from the first edition

Notes on the use of this book

Chapter 1 X-rays and their interaction with matter

1.1 X-rays: waves and photons

1.2 Scattering

1.3 Absorption

1.4 Refraction and reflection

1.5 Coherence

1.6 Magnetic interactions

1.7 Further reading

Chapter 2 Sources

2.1 Early history and the X-ray tube

2.2 Introduction to synchrotron radiation

2.3 Synchrotron radiation from a circular arc

2.4 Undulator radiation

2.5 Wiggler radiation

2.6 Free-electron lasers

2.7 Compact light sources

2.8 Coherence volume and photon degeneracy

2.9 Further reading

2.10 Exercises

Chapter 3 Refraction and reflection from interfaces

3.1 Refraction and phase shift in scattering

3.2 Refractive index and scattering length density

3.3 Refractive index including absorption

3.4 Snell's law and the Fresnel equations in the X-ray region

3.5 Reflection from a homogeneous slab

3.6 Specular reflection from multilayers

3.7 Reflectivity from a graded interface

3.8 Rough interfaces and surfaces

3.9 Examples of reflectivity studies

3.10 X-ray optics

3.11 Further reading

3.12 Exercises

Chapter 4 Kinematical scattering I: non-crystalline materials

4.1 Two electrons

4.2 Scattering from an atom

4.3 Scattering from a molecule

4.4 Scattering from liquids and glasses

4.5 Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)

4.6 Further reading

4.7 Exercises

Chapter 5 Kinematical scattering II: crystalline order

5.1 Scattering from a crystal

5.2 Quasiperiodic structures

5.3 Crystal truncation rods

5.4 Lattice vibrations, the Debye-Waller factor and TDS

5.5 The measured intensity from a crystallite

5.6 Applications of kinematical diffraction.

5.7 Further reading

5.8 Exercises

Chapter 6 Diffraction by perfect crystals

6.1 One atomic layer: reflection and transmission

6.2 Kinematical reflection from a few layers

6.3 Darwin theory and dynamical diffraction

6.4 The Darwin reflectivity curve

6.5 DuMond diagrams

6.6 Further reading

6.7 Exercises

Chapter 7 Photoelectric absorption

7.1 X-ray absorption by an isolated atom

7.2 EXAFS and near-edge structure

7.3 X-ray dichroism

7.4 ARPES

7.5 Further reading

7.6 Exercises

Chapter 8 Resonant scattering

8.1 The forced charged oscillator model

8.2 The atom as an assembly of oscillators

8.3 The Kramers-Kronig relations

8.4 Numerical estimate of f

8.5 Breakdown of Friedel's law and Bijvoet pairs

8.6 The phase problem in crystallography

8.7 Quantum mechanical description

8.8 Further reading

8.9 Exercises

Chapter 9 Imaging

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Absorption contrast imaging

9.3 Phase contrast imaging

9.4 Coherent diffraction imaging

9.5 Holography

9.6 Further reading

9.7 Exercises

A Scattering and absorption cross-sections

B Classical electric dipole radiation

C Quantization of the electromagnetic field

D Gaussian statistics

E Fourier transforms

F Comparison of X-rays with neutrons

G MATLAB® computer programs

H Answers to exercises and hints

Bibliography

Index

List of symbols

EULA.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

1-283-40566-0

9786613405661

1-118-30297-4

1-119-99731-3

1-119-99836-0

OCLC:

760886334