Bones and cartilage : developmental and evolutionary skeletal biology / Brian K. Hall.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Hall, Brian K. (Brian Keith), 1941-

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Bone.

Bones--Physiology.

Bones.

Bones--Growth.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xxviii, 760 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Australia ; San Diego, Calif. : Elsevier Academic Press, c2005.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Bones and Cartilage provides the most in-depth review ever assembled on the topic. It examines the function, development and evolution of bone and cartilage as tissues, organs and skeletal systems. It describes how bone and cartilage is developed in embryos and are maintained in adults, how bone reappears when we break a leg, or even regenerates when a newt grows a new limb, or a lizard a tail. This book also looks at the molecules and cells that make bones and cartilages and how they differ in various parts of the body and across species.

Contents:

Intro

Bones and Cartilage: Developmental and Evolutionary Skeletal Biology

Epigraph

Contents

Preface

Abbreviations

Part I Skeletal Tissues

Chapter 1 Types of Skeletal Tissues

BONE

CARTILAGE

DENTINE

ENAMEL

INTERMEDIATE TISSUES

Cementum

Enameloid

Chondroid and chondroid bone

BONE OR CARTILAGE

NOTES

Chapter 2 Bone

DISCOVERY OF THE BASIC STRUCTURE OF BONE

CELLULAR BONE

OSTEOCYTES

INTRAMEMBRANOUS VERSUS ENDOCHONDRAL BONE

Embryonic origins

Other modes

Metabolic differences

Morphogenetic differences

OSTEONES

GROWTH

REGIONAL REMODELING

AGEING

Osteones over time

ACELLULAR BONE

Caisson disease and abnormal acellular bone in mammals

Acellular bone in teleost fishes

Development

Resorption

Repair of fractures

Ca++ regulation

Aspidine

BONE IN CARTILAGINOUS FISHES (SHARKS AND RAYS)

Chapter 3 Cartilage

TYPES

CHONDRONES

CARTILAGE GROWTH

CARTILAGE CANALS

SECONDARY CENTRES OF OSSIFICATION

ELASTIC CARTILAGE

Elastic fibres

The cells

Elastic cartilage intermediates

SHARK CARTILAGE

Development and mineralization

Growth

Inhibition of vascular invasion

LAMPREYS

Mucocartilage

Lamprin

Mineralization

HAGFISH

Part II Natural Experiments

Chapter 4 Invertebrate Cartilages

CHONDROID, CARTILAGE OR NEITHER

ODONTOPHORE CARTILAGE IN THE CHANNELED WHELK, BUSYCON CANALICULATUM

BRANCHIAL (GILL BOOK) CARTILAGE IN THE HORSESHOE CRAB, LIMULUS POLYPHEMUS

CRANIAL CARTILAGES IN SQUID, CUTTLEFISH AND OCTOPUSES

Composition of the extracellular matrix

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

Collagens

TENTACULAR CARTILAGE IN POLYCHAETE ANNELIDS

LOPHOPHORE CARTILAGE IN AN ARTICULATE BRACHIOPOD, TEREBRATALIA TRANSVERSA

MINERALIZATION OF INVERTEBRATE CARTILAGES

CARTILAGE ORIGINS.

NOTES

Chapter 5 Intermediate Tissues

CHONDROID AND CHONDROID BONE

MODULATION AND INTERMEDIATE TISSUES

CARTILAGE FROM FIBROUS TISSUE AND METAPLASIA

METAPLASIA OF EPITHELIAL CELLS TO CHONDROBLASTS OR OSTEOBLASTS

Chondroid

Teleosts

Mammals

CHONDROID BONE

Chondroid bone and pharyngeal jaws

TISSUES INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN BONE AND DENTINE

Dentine

ENAMELOID: A TISSUE INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN DENTINE AND ENAMEL

Chapter 6 An Evolutionary Perspective

FOSSILIZED SKELETAL TISSUES

ALL FOUR SKELETAL TISSUES ARE ANCIENT

EVOLUTIONARY EXPERIMENTATION

Intermediate tissues in fossil agnatha

DINOSAUR BONE

DEVELOPING FOSSILS

PROBLEMATICA

PALAEOPATHOLOGY

CONODONTS

Part III Unusual Modes of Skeletogenesis

Chapter 7 Horns and Ossicones

HORNS

DISTRIBUTION OF HORNS AS ORGANS

Bovidae

Rhinos

Titanotheres

Pronghorn antelopes

Giraffes

HORN AS A TISSUE

DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH OF HORNS

Chapter 8 Antlers

ANTLERS

Size and absence

INITIATION OF ANTLER FORMATION

Pedicle formation

The antler bud and dermal-epidermal interactions

HORMONAL CONTROL OF PEDICLE DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH

ANTLER REGENERATION

The shedding cycle

HISTOGENESIS OF ANTLERS

White-tailed deer, American elk, European fallow and roe deer

Rocky Mountain mule deer

Sika deer

HORMONES, PHOTOPERIOD AND ANTLER GROWTH

Sika deer Photoperiod and testosterone

Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin

Chapter 9 Tendons and Sesamoids

TENDONS AND SKELETOGENESIS

Fibrocartilage in tendons

Rodent Achilles tendons

Ossification of avian tendons

Formation and composition of tendon fibrocartilages

Condensation

Scleraxis

Composition

SESAMOIDS

Amphibians

Reptiles

Birds

NOTES.

Part IV Stem Cells

Chapter 10 Embryonic Stem Cells

STEM CELLS

SET-ASIDE CELLS

STEM CELLS FOR PERIOSTEAL OSTEOGENESIS IN LONG BONES

MODULATION OF SYNTHETIC ACTIVITY AND DIFFERENTIATIVE PATHWAYS OF CELL POPULATIONS

Fibroblast-chondroblast modulation

Modulation of glycosaminoglycan synthesis

MODULATION OF SYNTHETIC ACTIVITY AND DIFFERENTIATIVE PATHWAYS IN SINGLE CELLS

Degradative activity

Chapter 11 Stem Cells in Adults

FIBROBLAST COLONY-FORMING CELLS

OSTEOGENIC PRECURSOR CELLS

Clonal analysis

Lineages of cells

Dexamethasone

EPITHELIAL INDUCTION OF ECTOPIC BONE

Epithelial cell lines

Part V Skeletogenic Cells

Chapter 12 Osteo- and Chondroprogenitor Cells

IDENTIFYING OSTEO- AND CHONDROPROGENITOR CELLS

Execrable terminology

Features

Cell cycle dynamics

BIPOTENTIAL PROGENITOR CELLS FOR OSTEOGENESIS AND CHONDROGENESIS

Bipotential cell populations or bipotential cells?

Uncovering bipotentiality

Discovering bipotentiality

Biochemical and metabolic markers

Collagen types

The tumor suppressor gene p53

CONDYLAR CARTILAGE ON THE CONDYLAR PROCESS OF THE MAMMALIAN DENTARY

Histodifferentiation and scurvy

One or two cell populations

Evidence against bipotentiality

Evidence supporting bipotentiality

All or some?

SECONDARY CARTILAGE ON AVIAN MEMBRANE BONES

Chapter 13 Dedifferentiation Provides Progenitor Cells for Jaws and Long Bones

CONDYLAR CARTILAGE OF THE MAMMALIAN TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT

The temporomandibular joint

Hypertrophic chondrocytes survive

Hypertrophic chondrocytes transform to osteoprogenitor cells

MECKEL'S CARTILAGE

Mammalian Meckel's

Prx-1, Prx-2

Alx-3

Ptx-1

DEDIFFERENTIATION DURING ENDOCHONDRAL BONE FORMATION

Rodent ribs

Mice

Rats

Appendicular long bones

Enzyme activity.

Evidence from 3 H-thymidine-labeling and other approaches

Murine interpubic joints

Chapter 14 Dedifferentiation and Urodele Amphibian Limb Regeneration

DEDIFFERENTIATION

Morphological dedifferentiation

Functional dedifferentiation

Hyaluronan

BLASTEMA FORMATION

Aneurogenic limbs

More than one cell fate

MYOBLAST AND CHONDROBLAST FATES

FACTORS CONTROLLING DEDIFFERENTIATION

Innervation

Proliferation

Not the stump

Electrical signals?

Hox genes

FgfR-1 and FgfR-2

Radical fringe

WHY CAN'T FROGS REGENERATE?

Augmenting regeneration

FINGERTIPS OF MICE, MONKEYS AND MEN

Comparison with urodele limb regeneration

Chapter 15 Cells to Make and Cells to Break

CLASTS AND BLASTS

RESORPTION

COUPLING BONE RESORPTION TO BONE FORMATION

COUPLING OSTEOBLASTS AND OSTEOCLASTS

SOME MOLECULAR PLAYERS

WHEN COUPLING GOES AWRY

TRAP-STAINING FOR OSTEOCLASTS

Mammalian osteoclasts

Teleost osteoclasts

NITRIC OXIDE - IT'S A GAS

PROGENITOR CELLS FOR OSTEOBLASTS AND OSTEOCLASTS

Japanese quail-domestic fowl chimaeras

OSTEOPETROSIS AND OSTEOCLAST ORIGINS

OSTEOCLAST-PHAGOCYTE-MACROPHAGE OR OSTEOCLAST-MONOCYTE LINEAGES?

Phagocyte/macrophage origin

Interleukins

IL-1

Osteogenesis

Chondrogenesis

IL-6

IL-10

Evidence against monocytes

Evidence for monocytes

CHONDROCLASTS AND OSTEOCLASTS

SYNOVIAL CELLS

Part VI Embryonic Origins

Chapter 16 Skeletal Origins: Somitic Mesoderm

SOMITIC MESODERM AND THE ORIGIN OF THE VERTEBRAE

PARAXIAL MESODERM → SOMITES

SCLEROTOME FORMATION AND MIGRATION

RESEGMENTATION

SOMITIC CONTRIBUTION TO LIMB BUDS

Formation of muscle

Innervation and myogenesis

Signals to initiate a limb bud

A COMMENT ON PECTORAL GIRDLES

THE CLAVICLE: EVEN MORE SURPRISING.

Humans

Other mammals

Mammals that lack clavicles

Wishbone or clavicles

Chapter 17 Skeletal Origins: Neural Crest

DIFFERENT MESENCHYMES, SAME TISSUES

NEURAL CREST AS A SOURCE OF SKELETAL CELLS

EVIDENCE OF SKELETOGENIC POTENTIAL

Ablation and transplantation experiments

Marker experiments

3H-thymidine

Xenopus laevis-Xenopus borealis chimaeras

Quail-chick chimaeras

Genetic markers for murine neural crest

Information from mutants

REGIONALIZATION OF THE CRANIAL NEURAL CREST

THE VENTRAL NEURAL TUBE

MIGRATION OF NCC: THE ROLE OF THE ECM

Chapter 18 Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions

URODELE AMPHIBIANS: CHONDROGENESIS

AVIAN MANDIBULAR SKELETON: CHONDROGENESIS AND OSTEOGENESIS

Isolated mesenchyme - chondrogenesis

Isolated mesenchyme - osteogenesis

Ruling out any role for Meckel's cartilage

Molecular mechanisms

OSTEOGENESIS IN AVIAN MAXILLARY ARCH SKELETON

MAMMALIAN MANDIBULAR SKELETON

Endothelin-1 (Et-1)

The Dlx gene family and craniofacial development

TELEOST MANDIBULAR ARCH SKELETON

Fgf

Hoxd-4 and retinoic acid

Limb development

Craniofacial development

Fish

Mutants

LATERAL LINE, NEUROMASTS AND DERMAL BONE

Hope from a single trout

TERATOMAS

Germ-layer combinations

MESENCHYME SIGNALS TO EPITHELIUM

SPECIFICITY OF EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL INTERACTIONS

Part VII Getting Started

Chapter 19 The Membranous Skeleton: Condensations

THE MEMBRANOUS SKELETON

CONGENITAL HYDROCEPHALUS (ch)

CHARACTERIZING CONDENSATIONS

HOW CONDENSATIONS ARISE

Altered mitotic activity

Changing cell density

Aggregation and/or failure to disperse

Limb buds and limb regeneration

Molecular control

ESTABLISHING BOUNDARIES

Syndecan and tenascin

Fgfs

Wnt-7a

Chapter 20 From Condensation to Differentiation.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references (p. [559]-736) and index.

ISBN:

1-280-64135-5

9786610641352

0-08-045415-1

OCLC:

475999795