Food aid policy and challenges / Katherine V. Reilly, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Reilly, Katherine V.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Food relief--Government policy--United States.

Food relief.

Food relief, American.

Agricultural assistance, American.

Exports--United States.

Exports.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (190 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, c2009.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Food aid is hard to summarise succinctly due to many related issues, but in general it is about providing food and related assistance to tackle hunger, either in emergency situations, or to help with deeper, longer term hunger alleviation and achieve food security (where people do not have to live in hunger or in fear of starvation).

Contents:

Intro

FOOD AID POLICY AND CHALLENGES

CONTENTS

PREFACE

INTERNATIONAL FOOD AIDAND THE 2007 FARM BILL

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND

U.S. FOOD AID PROGRAMS

P.L. 480 Title II

Other P.L. 480 Food Aid Programs

The Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust (BEHT)

The McGovern-Dole International Food for Educationand Child Nutrition Program (FFE)

Food for Progress (FFP)

Section 416(b)

FOOD AID ISSUES

Need for Food Aid

Timeliness and Cost of Emergency Food Aid

Monetization and Additional Cash Resources

WTO Food Aid issues

FOOD AID LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS

The Administration's Proposal for Local or Regional Purchase forEmergency Food Aid

Proposals of the Alliance for Food Aid

Proposals of Catholic Relief Services, CARE, Mercy Corps, and Save theChildren

CONGRESSIONAL ACTION

P.L. 480

Non-Emergency Development Food Aid

Local or Regional Purchase for Emergency Food Aid

Other P.L. 480 Provisions

Other Food Aid Programs

REFERENCES

RISING FOOD PRICES AND GLOBAL FOOD NEEDS:THE U.S. RESPONSE*

INTRODUCTION

WHY ARE FOOD PRICES INCREASING?

HOW COUNTRIES HAVE RESPONDED

Asia

Africa

Latin America and the Caribbean

FOOD AID FUNDING SHORTFALLS

The World Food Program (WFP)

U.S. Agency for International Development

THE U.S. RESPONSE TO FOOD AID FUNDING SHORTFALLS

Release from the Emerson Trust

FY2008 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations

The President's FY2009 Food Aid Request

ADDITIONAL U.S. FOOD AID POLICY OPTIONS

ALLOCATING SOME TITLE II FUNDS TOLOCAL OR REGIONAL PURCHASE

Earmarking Food Aid for Non-Emergency Projects

OTHER NEAR-TERM INTERNATIONAL DONOR RESPONSES

Responses to the WFP Appeal

FAO's Proposal

World Bank and IMF Responses.

LONG-TERM CONSIDERATIONS: GIVING PRIORITY TOAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

U.S. Assistance to Agriculture: Focus on Africa

Other U.S. Assistance Initiatives

President's Initiative to End Hunger in Africa (IEHA)

Millennium Challenge Account

Development Food Aid

World Bank

AGRICULTURAL EXPORTAND FOOD AID PROGRAMS*

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

U.S. AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS

USDA'S INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMS

AGRICULTURAL EXPORT PROGRAMS

Export Subsidies

Recent EEP Activity

Market Development Programs

MAP and FMDP Issues

Recent FMDP Activity

Export Credit Guarantees

Other Trade Proposals

INTERNATIONAL FOOD AID PROGRAMS[20]

P.L. 480 (Food for Peace)[21]

Recent Food Aid Program Activity

Food Aid Issues

THE ADMINISTRATION'S FARM BILL FOOD AID PROPOSAL

FARM BILL LEGISLATIVE ACTION ON FOOD AID

CONGRESSIONAL ACTION ON APPROPRIATIONS

FY2009 Budget Request

FOREIGN ASSISTANCE: VARIOUS CHALLENGESIMPEDE THE EFFICIENCY ANDEFFECTIVENESS OF U.S. FOOD AID*

WHAT GAO FOUND

WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY

WHAT GAO RECOMMENDS

ABBREVIATIONS

RESULTS IN BRIEF

Countries Provide Food Aid through in-kind or Cash Donations, with theUnited States the Largest Donor

Most U.S. Food Aid Goes to Africa

Programs Use Assessments to Determine Emergency and NonemergencyFood Aid Needs

Nonemergency Funding for U.S. Food Aid Has Declined

U.S. Food Aid Is Delivered through Multiple Programswith Multiple Mandates

Multiple U.S. Government Agencies and Stakeholders Coordinate U.S. FoodAid Programs through Various Forums

MULTIPLE CHALLENGES HINDER THE EFFICIENCYOF U.S. FOOD AID PROGRAMS.

Food Aid Procurement and Transportation Are Costly and Time-Consuming

Various Factors Cause Inefficiencies in Food Aid Logistics

Ocean Transportation Contracting Practices Increase Delivery Costs andContribute to Delays

While Agencies Have Taken Steps to Improve Efficiency, Related LongtermCosts and Benefits Have Not Yet Been Measured

Monetization Is an Inefficient Practice and the Lack of Electronic DataImpedes Agencies' Ability to Monitor

VARIOUS CHALLENGES REDUCE THE EFFECTIVE USE OF FOOD AID

Ensuring That Food Aid Reaches the Most Vulnerable Populations isCritical to Enhancing Its Effectiveness and Avoiding Negative Market Impact

Various Factors Limit the Effectiveness of Efforts to Provide Food Aid to theMost Vulnerable Populations

Difficulties in Identifying Vulnerable Populations Have Limited EffectiveTargeting

Impediments to Improving Nutritional Quality Reduce the Benefits of FoodAid

U.S. Agencies Do Not Sufficiently Monitor Food Aid Programs

CONCLUSIONS

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EXECUTIVE ACTION

AGENCY COMMENTS AND OUR EVALUATION

APPENDIX I: OBJECTIVES, SCOPE, AND METHODOLOGY

APPENDIX II: PROGRAM AUTHORITIESAND CONGRESSIONAL MANDATES

APPENDIX III: ENSURING FOOD AID REACHES INTENDEDRECIPIENTS IS IMPORTANT TO AVOID MARKETDISTORTING EFFECT OF FOOD AID

APPENDIX IV: FOOD DISTRIBUTION ACTIVITIESTO TARGET RECIPIENTS OF FOOD AID

APPENDIX V: COMMENTS FROM THEU.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

GAO COMMENT

APPENDIX VI: COMMENTS FROM THE U.S. AGENCY FORINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

APPENDIX VII: COMMENTS FROM THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OFAGRICULTURE

GAO COMMENTS

RELATED GAO PRODUCTS

FOREIGN ASSISTANCE:MULTIPLE CHALLENGES HINDERTHE EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESSOF U.S. FOOD AID*

SUMMARY

BACKGROUND.

Countries Provide Food Aid through In-kind or Cash Donations, with theUnited States the Largest Donor

Most U.S. Food Aid Goes to Africa, with Nonemergency Funding Declining

U.S. Food Aid Is Delivered through Multiple Programs with Multiple Mandates

MULTIPLE CHALLENGES HINDER THE EFFICIENCY OFU.S. FOOD AID PROGRAMS

Various Logistical Factors Increase Delivery Costs and Lengthen TimeFrames

Monetization Is an Inefficient, Expanding Practice and Agencies' Lack ofElectronic Data Impedes Their Monitoring Ability

VARIOUS CHALLENGES REDUCETHE EFFECTIVE USE OF FOOD AID

Challenging Operating Environments Have Hindered Implementation of FoodAid Programs in Recipient Countries

APPENDIX I: PROGRAM AUTHORITIES

STATEMENT BY JOSETTE SHEERAN, UNWORLDFOOD PROGRAMME, AS SUBMITTED TO THECOMMITTEE ON THE BUDGET, UNITED STATESHOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,WEDNESDAY, 30 JULY 2008,WASHINGTON, DC*

A REVOLUTION IN FOOD AID

RAMPING UP INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE

INDEX.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

1-61209-750-2

OCLC:

704436105