Modern blast furnace ironmaking : an introduction / Maarten Geerdes, Hisko Toxopeus, Cor van der Vliet; with contributions from Renard Chaigneau, Tim Vander, Jennifer Wise.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Geerdes, Maarten.

Contributor:

Toxopeus, Hisko.

Vliet, Cor van der.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Iron--Metallurgy.

Iron.

Blast furnaces.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (176 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam : IOS Press, 2009.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

This book describes the principles of the blast furnace process and especially the control of the process. As a starting point, the blast furnace is seen as a simple iron ore smelter, while gradually the physical, chemical and metallurgical background of the blast furnace process is clarified. The book focuses on the control of the blast furnace process with respect to thermal control, gas flow control and casthouse operation. In this book, all essential process details are described and a special focus is on optimization of coal injection. The optimization of the blast furnace process is not only based on 'best practice transfer', but also requires conceptual understanding as to why a measure works well in some cases and does not work in other situations. In other words: operational improvement is not only based on know-how, but on know-why as well. This publication was and can be used as an introductory text for students of metallurgy as well as for blast furnace operators and management. The latter will benefit to solve operational problems and process optimization issues. The authors have very extensive experience as operators as well as consultants to many steel plants worldwide. With Modern blast furnace ironmaking - An Introduction the reader has a compact compendium of the blast furnace process available: by operators and for operators and for those who are preparing to become operators.

Contents:

Title Page

Preface

Contents

List of Symbols and Abbreviations

Introduction of the Blast Furnace Process

What is driving the furnace?

The equipment

Book overview

The Blast Furnace: Contents and Gas Flow

The generation of gas and gas flow through the burden

Furnace efficiency

An example of gas flow and contents of a blast furnace

The Ore Burden: Sinter, Pellets, Lump Ore

Introduction

Iron ore

Quality demands for the blast furnace burden

Sinter

Pellets

Lump ore

Interaction of burden components

Coke

Introduction: function of coke in the blast furnace

Coal blends for coke making

Coke quality concept

Coke size distribution

Mechanical strength of coke

Overview of international quality parameters

Injection of Coal, Oil and Gas

Coal injection: equipment

Coal specification for PCI

Coal injection in the tuyeres

Process control with pulverised coal injection

Circumferential symmetry of injection

Gas and oil injectants

Burden Calculation and Mass Balances

Burden calculation: starting points

An example of a burden calculation

Process calculations: a simplified mass balance

The Process: Burden Descent and Gas Flow Control

Burden descent: where is voidage created?

Burden descent: system of vertical forces

Gas flow in the blast furnace

Fluidisation and channelling

Burden distribution

Coke layer

Ore layer thickness

Erratic burden descent and gas flow

Blast furnace instrumentation

Blast furnace daily operational control

Blast Furnace Productivity and Efficiency

The raceway

Carbon and iron oxides

Temperature profile

What happens with the gas in the burden?

Oxygen and productivity

Use of metallic iron

How iron ore melts

Circumferential symmetry and direct reduction.

Hot Metal and Slag

Hot metal and the steel plant

Hot metal composition

Silicon reduction

Hot metal sulphur

Slag

Hot metal and slag interactions: special situations

Casthouse Operation

Objectives

Liquid iron and slag in the hearth

Removal of liquids through the taphole

Typical casting regimes

Taphole drill and clay gun

Hearth liquid level

Delayed casting

No slag casting

One

side casting

Not dry casts

Defining a dry hearth

Oxygen lancing

Cast data recording

Special Situations

Fines in ore burden

Moisture input

Recirculating elements

Charging rate variability

Stops and start

ups

Blow

down

in from new

Glossary

Annex I Further Reading

Annex II References

Annex III Rules of Thumb

Annex IV Coke Quality Tests

Index.

Notes:

Includes index.

ISBN:

6612473037

1-282-47303-4

9786612473036

1-60750-452-9

OCLC:

491265208