Modality in Japanese : the layered structure of the clause and hierarchies of functional categories / Heiko Narrog.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Narrog, Heiko.

Series:

Studies in language companion series ; v. 109.

Studies in language companion series, 0165-7763 ; v. 109

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Japanese language--Modality.

Japanese language.

Language and languages--Philosophy.

Language and languages.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (304 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam ; Philadelphia : John Benjamins Pub. Co., c2009.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Hierarchical clause structure is an important feature of most theories of grammar. While it has been an indispensable part of formal syntactic theories, functional theories have more recently discovered for themselves a 'layered structure of the clause'. A major focus of the current discussion on semanto-syntactic clause structure is the hierarchical ordering of grammatical categories such as tense, aspect and modality. However, there are very few empirical studies yet to provide systematic evidence for presumably universal hierarchical structures. This book presents a systematic corpus-based study of the semantic and morphosyntactic interaction of modality with tense, aspect, negation, and modal markers embedded in subordinate clauses. The results are critically compared with extant theories of hierarchies of grammatical categories, including those in Functional Grammar, Role and Reference Grammar, and the Cartography of Syntactic Structures. Also provided is an extensive description of the expression of modality and related categories in Modern Japanese.

Contents:

Modality in Japanese

Editorial page

Title page

LCC data

Dedication

Table of contents

Acknowledgements

List of abbreviations

Morpheme boundary symbols (Japanese examples

cf. chapter 9)

List of figures

List of tables

Introduction

Modality and the layered structure of the clause

A brief outline of modality

2.1 Modality as a grammatical category

2.2 Types of modality

2.3 The expression of modality

2.4 Clausal mood, illocutionary force and illocutionary modulation

Modality in Japanese linguistics*

3.1 From 'predication' to modality as the subjective element in language

3.1.1 Predication and subjectivity

3.1.2 From 'predication' to modality

3.2 Current research on modality in Japanese linguistics

3.2.1 The common approach to modality in Japan

3.2.2 Other approaches

The layered structure of the clause and hierarchies of functional categories

4.1 Semanto-syntactic layers in functional linguistics

4.1.1 The layered structure of the clause in RRG

4.1.2 The layered structure of the clause in FG

4.2 Cartography of syntactic structures

4.3 The layered structure of the clause in Japanese Linguistics

4.3.1 Previous research

4.3.2 Morpheme order and scope in Japanese

Modality in theories of the layered structure of the clause and hierarchies of functional categories

5.1 Modality and layers of the clause (RRG, FG)

5.2 The place of modal categories in syntactic cartography

5.3 Evidence for layers and functional hierarchies

Modality and layering in Japanese linguistics

Summary

The modal markers of Japanese - a short description

Criteria for the description of modality

Formal means of expression - an overview

9.1 Japanese morphological structure

9.2 Morphological constraints on morpheme concatenation

9.3 Affixes (Modal system I).

9.4 Constructions beyond the one-word-phrase (Modal system II)

9.5 Verbal mood

9.6 Adverbs

9.7 Mental predicates

The modal categories

10.1 Deontic modality

10.1.1 Possibility (permission)

10.1.2 Negated possibility (prohibition)

10.1.3 Necessity (obligation)

10.1.4 Negated necessity (exemption)

10.1.5 Recommendation

10.1.6 Inevitability

10.1.7 Summary

10.2 Boulomaic modality

10.2.1 Intention

10.2.2 Desire

10.2.3 Wishes

10.3 Dynamic modality

10.4 Epistemic modality

10.4.1 Marking in the verbal complex

10.4.1.1 Epistemic necessity

10.4.1.2 Epistemic possibility

10.4.1.3 'Speculative' daroo

10.4.2 Adverbs

10.4.3 Mental predicates

10.4.4 Scale of likelihood

10.5 Evidentials

10.5.1 Non-inferential evidentials (reportive rasii, soo(2))

10.5.2 Inferential evidentials (non-reportive rasii, -soo(1), yoo/mitai)

10.5.2.1 Yoo/mitai and rasii

10.5.2.2 -soo(1)

10.5.2.3 Comparison

10.6 Correspondences across different types of modality

10.6.1 Deontic and epistemic modality

10.6.2 Boulomaic and deontic (dynamic) modality

10.6.3 Epistemic modality and evidentiality

Categories on the periphery of modality

Clausal moods

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Declaratives

11.2.1 Does Japanese have a 'suppositive mood'?

11.2.2 Counterfactuals

11.2.2.1 The epistemic type - Conditional construction with epistemic modal in the consequent

11.2.2.2 The volitive/evaluative type I - Conditional construction with evaluative predicate in the consequent

11.2.2.3 The volitive/evaluative type II - Non-conditional construction

11.2.2.4 Some remaining questions

11.3 Interrogatives

11.3.1 Requests for confirmation

11.3.2 Doubts

11.3.3 The 'dubitative' no de wa nai ka

11.4 Directives

11.4.1 Imperatives

11.4.2 Prohibitives

11.4.3 Hortatives.

11.5 Optatives

11.6 Subordinate moods

Illocutionary modulation

'Modality of explanation'

Modality and the hierarchy of functional categories - an empirical study

Data and methods

14.1 Data and frequencies

14.2 Corpus as a method

14.3 Principles of analysis

Modality embedding modality (double modality)

15.1 Dynamic modality embedding modality

15.2 Boulomaic modality embedding modality

15.3 Deontic modality embedding modality

15.4 Epistemic modality embedding modality

15.5 Evidentiality embedding modality

15.6 Mood embedding modality

15.7 Layers within modality

Modality and tense, aspect, negation

16.1 Modality and negation

16.2 Scope ambiguities

16.3 Modality and aspect

16.4 Modality and tense

16.5 Scope ambiguity between tense and modal morphemes

Modality and higher categories

17.1 Modality and nominalization/complementation

17.2 Modality and illocutionary modulators

Modality embedded in adverbial clauses

18.1 Modality in causal clauses

18.2 Modality in concessive and adversative clauses

18.3 Modality in conditional clauses

Conclusion

19.1 Summary of the results

19.2 Relating the results to Role-and-Reference Grammar

19.3 Relating the results to Functional Grammar

19.4 Cartography of syntactic structures

19.5 A solution

19.6 Rethinking layering and hierarchies of functional categories

Collocations

20.1 By relevance to modality

20.2 By mutual relevance

20.3 By raw frequencies

20.4 Conclusions

References

Index

Studies in Language Companion Series.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references (p. [255]-274) and index.

ISBN:

9786612104978

9781282104976

1282104977

9789027289759

9027289751

OCLC:

320636028