Introduction to nanoscience / by Stuart Lindsay.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Lindsay, Stuart, author.

Series:

Oxford scholarship online.

Oxford scholarship online

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Nanoscience.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xii, 457 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2023.

Summary:

This introductory nanoscience text integrates the physics, chemistry and biology of this new discipline. Each topic is treated assuming no background, but a conceptual emphasis and numerous examples and problems lead the reader to make contact with current research literature.

Contents:

Intro

Contents

1 What is Nanoscience?

1.1 About size scales

1.2 History

1.3 Feynman scorecard

1.4 Schrödinger's cat-quantum mechanics in small systems

1.5 Fluctuations and "Darwinian Nanoscience"

1.6 Overview of quantum effects and fluctuations in nanostructures

1.7 What to expect in the rest of this book

1.8 Bibliography

1.9 Exercises

References

Part I: The Basics

2 Quantum mechanics

2.1 Why physics is different for small systems-the story of the Hitachi experiment

2.2 The uncertainty principle

2.3 The Hitachi microscope as a quantum system

2.4 Probability amplitudes and the rules of quantum mechanics

2.5 A word about "composite" particles

2.6 Wavefunctions

2.7 Dirac notation

2.8 Many particle wavefunctions and identical particles

2.9 The Pauli exclusion principle

2.10 The Schrödinger equation: a tool for calculating probability amplitudes

2.11 Problems involving more than one electron

2.12 Solution of the one-electron time-independent Schrödinger equation for a constant potential

2.13 Electron tunneling through a potential barrier

2.14 The Hitachi experiment with wavefunctions

2.15 Some important results obtained with simple 1-D models

2.16 The hydrogen atom

2.17 Multielectron atoms

2.18 The periodic table of the elements

2.19 Approximate methods for solving the Schrödinger equation

2.20 Chemical bonds

2.21 Eigenstates for interacting systems and quasiparticles

2.22 Getting away from wavefunctions: density functional theory

2.23 Bibliography

2.24 Exercises

3 Statistical mechanics and chemical kinetics

3.1 Macroscopic description of systems of many particles

3.2 How systems get from here to there: entropy and kinetics

3.3 The classical probability distribution for noninteracting particles.

3.4 Entropy and the Boltzmann distribution

3.5 An example of the Boltzmann distribution: ions in a solution near an electrode

3.6 The equipartition theorem

3.7 The partition function

3.8 The partition function for an ideal gas

3.9 Free energy, pressure, and entropy of an ideal gas from the partition function

3.10 Quantum gasses

3.11 Fluctuations

3.12 Brownian motion

3.13 Diffusion

3.14 Einstein-Smoluchowski relation

3.15 Fluctuations, chemical reactions, and the transition state

3.16 The Kramers theory of reaction rates

3.17 Chemical kinetics

3.18 Acid-base reactions as an example of chemical equilibrium

3.19 The Michaelis-Menten relation and on-off rates in nano-bio interactions

3.20 Rate equations in small systems

3.21 Nanothermodynamics

3.22 Modeling nanosystems explicitly: molecular dynamics

3.23 Systems far from equilibrium: Jarzynski's equality

3.24 Fluctuations and quantum mechanics

3.25 Bibliography

3.26 Exercises

Part II: Tools

4 Microscopy and manipulation tools

4.1 The scanning tunneling microscope

4.2 The atomic force microscope

4.3 Electron microscopy

4.4 Nano-measurement techniques based on fluorescence

4.5 Tweezers for grabbing molecules

4.6 Chemical kinetics and single molecule experiments

4.7 Bibliography

4.8 Exercises

5 Making nanostructures: top down

5.1 Overview of nanofabrication: top down

5.2 Photolithography

5.3 Electron beam lithography

5.4 Micromechanical structures

5.5 Thin film technologies

5.6 Molecular beam epitaxy

5.7 Self-assembled masks

5.8 Focused ion beam milling

5.9 Stamp technology

5.10 Nanoscale junctions

5.11 Bibliography

5.12 Exercises

6 Making nanostructures: bottom up

6.1 Common aspects of all bottom-up assembly methods.

6.2 Organic synthesis

6.3 Weak interactions between molecules

6.4 Vesicles and micelles

6.5 Thermodynamic aspects of self-assembling nanostructures

6.6 A self-assembled nanochemistry machine-the mitochondrion

6.7 Self-assembled molecular monolayers

6.8 Kinetic control of growth: nanowires and quantum dots

6.9 DNA nanotechnology

6.10 Bibliography

6.11 Exercises

Part III: Applications

7 Electrons in nanostructures

7.1 The vast variation in the electronic properties of materials

7.2 Electrons in nanostructures and quantum effects

7.3 Fermi liquids and the free electron model

7.4 Transport in free electron metals

7.5 Electrons in crystalline solids: Bloch's theorem

7.6 Electrons in crystalline solids: band structure

7.7 Electrons in 3D-why copper conducts

Fermi surfaces and Brillouin zones

7.8 Electrons passing through tiny structures: the Landauer resistance

7.9 Charging nanostructures: the Coulomb blockade

7.10 The single electron transistor

7.11 Resonant tunneling

7.12 Coulomb blockade or resonant tunneling?

7.13 Electron localization and system size

7.14 Bibliography

7.15 Exercises

8 Molecular electronics

8.1 Why molecular electronics?

8.2 Lewis structures as a simple guide to chemical bonding

8.3 The variational approach to calculating molecular orbitals

8.4 The hydrogen molecular ion revisited

8.5 Hybridization of atomic orbitals

8.6 Making diatomic molecules from atoms with both s- and p-states

8.7 Molecular levels in organic compounds: the Hückel model

8.8 Delocalization energy

8.9 Quantifying donor and acceptor properties with electrochemistry

8.10 Electron transfer between molecules-the Marcus theory

8.11 Charge transport in weakly interacting molecular solids-hopping conductance.

8.12 Concentration gradients drive current in molecular solids

8.13 Dimensionality, 1-D conductors, and conducting polymers

8.14 Single molecule electronics

8.15 Wiring a molecule: single molecule measurements

8.16 The transition from tunneling to hopping conductance in single molecules

8.17 Gating molecular conductance

8.18 Where is molecular electronics going?

8.19 Bibliography

8.20 Exercises

9 Nanostructured materials

9.1 What is gained by nanostructuring materials?

9.2 Nanostructures for electronics

9.3 Zero-dimensional electronic structures: quantum dots

9.4 Nanowires

9.5 2-D nanoelectronics: superlattices and heterostructures

9.6 Photonic applications of nanoparticles

9.7 2-D photonics for lasers

9.8 3-D photonic bandgap materials

9.9 Physics of magnetic materials

9.10 Superparamagnetic nanoparticles

9.11 A 2-D nanomagnetic device: giant magnetoresistance

9.12 Nanostructured thermal devices

9.13 Nanofluidic devices

9.14 Nanofluidic channels and pores for molecular separations

9.15 Enhanced fluid transport in nanotubes

9.16 Superhydrophobic nanostructured surfaces

9.17 Biomimetic materials

9.18 Bibliography

9.19 Exercises

10 Nanobiology

10.1 Natural selection as the driving force for biology

10.2 Introduction to molecular biology

10.3 Some mechanical properties of proteins

10.4 What enzymes do

10.5 Gatekeepers-voltage-gated channels

10.6 Powering bio-nanomachines: where biological energy comes from

10.7 Adenosine triphosphate-the gasoline of biology

10.8 The thermal ratchet mechanism

10.9 Types of molecular motor

10.10 The central role of fluctuations in biology

10.11 Do nanoscale fluctuations play a role in the evolution of the mind?

10.12 Bibliography

10.13 Exercises

References.

A: Units, conversion factors, physical quantities, and useful math

A.1 Length

A.2 Mass and force

A.3 Time

A.4 Pressure

A.5 Energy and temperature

A.6 Electromagnetism

A.7 Constants

A.8 Some useful material properties

A.9 Some useful math

B: There's plenty of room at the bottom

C: Schrödinger equation for the hydrogen atom

C.1 Angular momentum operators

C.2 Angular momentum eigenfunctions

C.3 Solution of the Schrödinger equation in a central potential

D: The damped harmonic oscillator

E: Free energies and choice of ensemble

E.1 Different free energies for different problems

E.2 Different statistical ensembles for different problems

F: Probabilities and the definition of entropy

G: The Gibbs distribution

H: Quantum partition function for a single particle

I: Partition function for N particles in an ideal gas

J: Atomic units

K: Hückel theory for benzene

L: A glossary for nanobiology

M: Solutions and hints for the problems

Index

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

Y

Z.

Notes:

Includes index.

Formerly CIP.

Previously issued in print: 2009.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Derived record based on print version record and publisher information.

Other Format:

Print version: Lindsay, S. M. (Stuart Martin), author. Introduction to nanoscience

ISBN:

1-383-04509-7

1-282-38382-5

9786612383823

0-19-156255-6

OCLC:

519249047