Metaphors for learning : cross-cultural perspectives / edited by Erich A. Berendt.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Berendt, Erich Adalbert, 1937-

Series:

Human cognitive processing ; v. 22.

Human cognitive processing, 1387-6724 ; v. 22

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Metaphor.

Concepts.

Learning.

Teaching.

Language planning.

Physical Description:

ix, 249 p. : ill.

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam ; Philadelphia : John Benjamins Publishing, c2008.

Language Note:

English

System Details:

Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Summary:

In Contemporary Metaphor Theory (CMT) research has predominantly focused on the English language with few studies of others and even less systematic comparative work. This volume focuses on the discourse domain of LEARNING (formal, technical and informal aspects) and brings together a variety of language perspectives, some specifically comparative, on aspects of learning from historical transformations in metaphoric language use through contemporary social values and classroom discourse to planning for the future in educational policy to see how conceptual metaphoric patterns and conventional metaphors with related figurative language impact on social values and culturally conditioned perspectives in learning. Most papers reflect Lakoffian conceptual metaphoric research including critical evaluation of analytical issues. Languages included are Arabic, Chinese, English, Hungarian, Japanese, Malay, Polish, Russian and the South African language area. Most papers utilize extensive data including such genre as technical writing, essays, conversational interaction, newspaper corpus and proverbs.

Contents:

Metaphors for Learning: Cross-cultural Perspectives

Editorial page

Title page

LCC data

Table of contents

List of contributors

Introduction

References

Historical Transformations in Metaphoric Conceptualization

In the balance

Learning the metaphors of conceptual culture

Conventional metaphor and second language acquisition

The academic culture of being critical

Judging is weighing

Striking a balance

Weighted values

The evaluative distribution of weight

The cultural value of the rational

On balance and rationality in intellectual cultural history

The rhetorical law of gravity

On solid ground

Metaphor and changing critical cultures

The tradition and transformation of metaphor in Japanese

Chinese model of tropology

Japanese attempts at assimilation

Poetry hostile to metaphor?

Japanese tropology

Poetic practice: A case study

Epilogue

Texts &amp

references:

Socio-cultural Values and Metaphoric Conceptualization

Tao of learning

Learning is a journey

Learning is imitating the model

Figure 1. Notions of LEARNING represented by Chinese characters

Teacher is a father

Conclusions

Sources

Intersections and diverging paths

Table 1. Conceptual patterns used in English &amp

Japanese for ideas

Data and analytical Issues

Table 2. Total shared conceptual patterns in English and Japanese

Results

Table 3. Productive shared patterns in English &amp

Japanese

Table 4. English only productive patterns

Table 5. Japanese only productive patterns

Table 6. Conceptual patterns appearing in academic writing (B)

Table 7. Conceptual patterns appearing in essay writing (C)

Table 8. Conceptual patterns appearing in conversation (D).

Table 9. Genre types and conceptual patterns

Implications

Bibliography

Appendix A: English Data Samples

Appendix B: Japanese Data Samples

Cultural messages of metaphors

The cultural function of metaphors

The origins and the types of metaphoric sayings

The aim and method of this study

Layers of meanings in metaphors

The methodology of the study

Metaphors in Hungary and in Japan

Acquiring knowledge and skills in general

Proverbs on the lack of knowledge

Similarities and divergences in Hungarian and Japanese proverbs

Semi-equivalent proverbs in Hungarian and in Japanese

Proverbs that have similar messages in the Hungarian and in the Japanese culture

Proverbs that reflect culture-specific values

Conclusion

The many facets of teaching and learning in Malay

Lexicalization of "teaching and learning" in Malay

Table 1. The root words of "teaching &amp

learning" and their derivations

Table 2. Frequency of the words and their derivations

Ajar

Didik

Latih

Asuh

Bimbing

Ajaran, asuhan, didikan, bimbingan and latihan

Pendidikan versus Pelajaran

Figure 1. The facets of "teaching and learning" in Malay

The "native speaker" as a metaphorical construct

The native/non-native dichotomy

Identifying the metaphor

The ground of the native speaker metaphor

Social discrimination

Mother tongue

Metaphors and the Classroom

Metaphor in the construction of a learning environment

Theoretical background

The discourse context

Data collection and analysis

Table 1. Types of Teaching Action sequences (from Cameron, 2003: 83)

General features of metaphor in use

The interplay of metaphor and non-metaphorical language

Metaphor to summarise

More than one metaphor.

Metaphor and affect

Summary

When are metaphors used?

Metaphor in the explanation of lesson content

Technical and sub-technical metaphor

Animating metaphors

Systematic metaphor: Classroom activity as a guided trek

Table 2. Aspects of the systematic metaphor classroom activity is a journey

Table 3. Aspects of the teacher's role in the journey systematic metaphor

Summary and implications

Trancription conventions

Images of teachers, learning and questioning in Chinese cultures of learning

Physical stance and the context of Chinese cultures of learning

Photo 1. A Chinese teacher holding the book up high in teaching

Photo 2. Chinese students in rows reading and holding books up high

Photo 3. Chinese students reciting &amp

memorizing in the early morning on campus - solitary &amp

concentr

Photo 4. Lebanese students preparing &amp

revising in the morning before going to class on campus - cas

Word associations on educational themes in Chinese

Chinese metaphors for a good teacher

Table 1. 'A good teacher': metaphors from university students in China, including Hong Kong, given i

Table 2. 'A good teacher': metaphors from Chinese university students, given in Chinese in 2005 (N =

Chinese sayings

Table 3. Chinese sayings about making an effort in education

Table 4. Chinese sayings about teachers and teaching

Table 5. Chinese sayings about studying

Table 6. Chinese sayings about learning

Questionnaire data

Table 7. The mean scores for ratings of Chinese statements about a 'good teacher' by students in Chi

Asking questions

Table 8. The mean scores for ratings of Chinese statements about the reasons for not asking question

Table 9. Chinese sayings about asking questions

Metaphors in Educational Planning.

Metaphors of transformation

Introduction: Background and political context

Curriculum 2005

Metaphor and ideological transformation

Image schemata

New is good and old is bad

Examples from Ministerial speeches and statements

Figure 1. Good and Bad in post-apartheid educational language

When new turns out to be not so good

New is high

Examples from Legislation &amp

curriculum policy

Orientation schemata continued

Paths and journeys

Force dynamics

En route from old to new: Transformation is a journey

Examples from Departmental circulars

Examples from ministerial speeches

Force dynamics of the transformation journey

Examples from policy and legislation

Examples from Circulars

Examples from ministerial statements

The interplay of image schemata in transformation discourse

Figure 2. Image schemata in transformation discourse

The organic metaphor

Index

The series Human Cognitive Processing.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9786612152269

9781282152267

1282152262

9789027291608

9027291608

OCLC:

648354224