Entering the 21st century : World development report, 1999/2000.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Yusuf, Shahid, 1949-

World Bank, Content Provider.

World Bank, Contributor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Economic development.

International trade.

International finance.

Investments, Foreign--Developing countries.

Investments, Foreign.

Decentralization in government--Developing countries.

Decentralization in government.

Urbanization--Economic aspects--Developing countries.

Urbanization.

Free trade--Developing countries.

Free trade.

Economic indicators.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (317 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Other Title:

Entering the twenty-first century

World development report, 1999/2000

Place of Publication:

New York : Published for the World Bank, Oxford University Press, c2000.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

This is the twenty-second edition of the World Development Report. It is the standard reference work for international economic data, containing an appendix of social and economic statistics for more than 200 countries. This Report draws upon the varied experiences of recent decades and looks ahead at opportunities to extend the gains already achieved to eliminate poverty and raise living standards while securing environmental sustainability.

Contents:

Intro

Contents

Overview

The frontiers of development thinking

Globalization and localization

Supranational issues

Subnational issues

Translating policies into actions

Introduction New Directions in Development Thinking

Building on past development experiences

The many goals of development

The role of institutions in development

The record and outlook for comprehensive development

A changing world

Chapter 1 The Changing World

International trade

International financial flows

International migration

Global environmental challenges

New political tendencies in developing countries

Emerging subnational dynamics

Urban imperatives

Implications for development policy

Chapter 2 The World Trading System: The Road Ahead

How the global trading system benefits developing countries

WTO mechanisms for promoting and maintaining liberal trade regimes

Sustaining the momentum for trade reform

International trade and development policy: the next 25 years

Chapter 3 Developing Countries and the Global Financial System

The gathering pace of international financial integration

Toward a more robust and diversified banking system

The orderly sequencing of capital account liberalization

Attracting foreign investment

Revitalizing international macroeconomic cooperation

Chapter 4 Protecting the Global Commons

The link between national and global environmental issues

Moving from national to international action

The ozone treaties: a success story

Climate change

Biodiversity

Exploiting the links between global environmental problems

Chapter 5 Decentralization: Rethinking Government

What is at stake?

From centralized to decentralized governance

Balancing political power between central and local interests.

The structure, functions, and resources of subnational governments

Making subnational governments accountable

Policies for the transition

What lessons for the future?

Chapter 6 Dynamic Cities as Engines of Growth

What makes cities grow?

The national government's role in urbanization

Local policies for urban economic growth

Chapter 7 Making Cities Livable

The unfinished urban agenda

Learning from the past

Service provision in developing countries

Looking ahead

Chapter 8 Case Studies and Recommendations

Making the most of trade liberalization: Egypt

Reforming weak banking systems: Hungary

Macromanagement under fiscal decentralization: Brazil

Improving urban living conditions: Karachi

Cultivating rural-urban synergies: Tanzania

The shifting development landscape at the dawn of the 21st century

Bibliographical Note

Appendix Selected Indicators on Decentralization, Urbanization, and the Environment

Selected World Development Indicators

Index

Boxes

1 Lessons from East Asia and Eastern Europe

2 Social capital, development, and poverty

3 Explaining power project outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa

4 The Comprehensive Development Framework

5 A holistic approach to development in past World Development Reports

6 Institutions, organizations, and incentives

7 Trends in disease and health care

8 Sustainable development

9 The growing threat of water scarcity

1.1 The global macroeconomics of aging

1.2 The international Chinese network

2.1 Regional trading arrangements and the global trading system: complements or substitutes?

2.2 Building technical expertise on trade policy: the Integrated Framework for Trade and Development in the Least-Developed Countries

2.3 Child labor: how much? how damaging? and what can be done?

3.1 A continuing role for aid.

3.2 What causes financial contagion?

3.3 Subnational governments face commitment problems too

3.4 Mitigating the commitment problem: the role of the World Bank

4.1 Global environmental issues

4.2 Preserving the ocean commons: controlling overfishing

4.3 The Global Environment Facility

4.4 NGOs and efforts to preserve the international environment

4.5 Falling costs for renewable energy

4.6 Taxes and quotas to reduce emissions

4.7 Trade measures in international environmental agreements

5.1 Decentralization as the devolution of powers

5.2 South Africa and Uganda: unifying a country through decentralization

5.3 Bosnia-Herzegovina and Ethiopia: decentralization as a response to ethnic diversity

5.4 India: a decentralizing federation?

5.5 Decentralization in China

5.6 Financing intermediate tiers of government

5.7 The cart before the horse: decentralization in Russia

6.1 Cities and urban areas: some definitions

6.2 Rural-urban linkages

6.3 The dispersal of industry in Korea

6.4 Africa: urbanization without growth

6.5 City development and land markets

6.6 Regionalism and local economic development: lessons from Europe

6.7 Know thy economy: the importance of local economic information

7.1 A spatial mismatch: Jakarta's kampung residents

7.2 Haiphong: partnering with consumers

7.3 Manila: a positive corporate image as an incentive to reduce pollution

7.4 Shenyang: social welfare in a struggling industrial city

7.5 Bangalore: citizens' report cards

8.1 Five case studies

8.2 The Arab Republic of Egypt at a glance

8.3 Hungary at a glance

8.4 Brazil at a glance

8.5 Pakistan at a glance

8.6 Tanzania at a glance

Figures

1 Computers are linking the world

2 All but a few democracies have decentralized some political power.

3 Trade is growing much faster than national income in developing countries

4 Countries are joining the WTO in increasing numbers

5 Private capital flows to developing countries have increased dramatically

6 There are more countries and more democracies

7 Urban population is growing-primarily in developing countries

8 The incomes of rich and poor countries continue to diverge

9 Investment alone cannot account for variation in growth

10 Infant mortality fell in most developing countries from 1980 to 1995, even where income did not increase

11 The number of poor people has risen worldwide, and in some regions the proportion of poor has also increased

12 Life expectancies have risen greatly in some countries, but others have suffered setbacks

1.1 Exports of commercial services have surged in most regions since 1990

1.2 An increasing number of developing countries is committed to trade reform

1.3 Nonperforming loans can account for up to 50 percent of all bank loans at the peak of a banking crisis

1.4 Resolving bank crises can cost up to 40 percent of GDP

1.5 Foreign direct investment was less volatile than commercial bank loans and total portfolio flows, 1992-97

1.6 Temperatures are rising as concentrations of greenhouse gases increase

1.7 More countries are becoming democratic

1.8 Most urban dwellers reside in developing countries

1.9 Asia and Africa are just beginning the urban transition

1.10 The largest increase in urban populations during 1980-2020 will occur in Africa and Asia

2.1 Foreign trade has increased in most developing countries since 1970

2.2 More of the world's exports are covered by WTO disciplines, especially exports from developing countries

2.3 More regional trading arrangements (RTAs) came into force in the 1990s than ever before.

2.4 Many developing countries started liberalizing before the end of the Uruguay Round

2.5 Equal players? African representatives at the WTO

2.6 The composition of many developing countries' exports was transformed in just over 10 years

2.7 New users initiated an increasing number of antidumping suits during 1987-97

2.8 When filing antidumping investigations, industrial and developing countries target each other almost equally

2.9 Many countries bound their tariffs on agricultural products in the Uruguay Round at levels well above estimated actual tariffs in 1986-88

2.10 Exports of commercial services increased in every region from 1985 to 1997

3.1 Since 1980 net flows of foreign direct and portfolio investment to developing economies have grown enormously

3.2 Firms from developing countries are issuing more international debt than before

3.3 A growing pool of institutionally managed funds is invested abroad

3.4 A few developing countries received the lion's share of FDI invested outside industrial countries in 1997

3.5 Bank intermediation typically accounts for a larger share of the financial sector in developing countries

4.1 Climate change jeopardizes crop yields, especially in developing countries

4.2 Atmospheric concentrations of ozone-depleting substances rose, then began to fall

4.3 A 1-meter rise in sea level would cut Bangladesh's rice production approximately in half

4.4 Energy consumption in developing countries is forecast to outstrip industrial country consumption

4.5 High-income countries use energy more intensely than countries in low-income regions

5.1 Subnational expenditures are a small share of public expenditures, except in industrial countries and large federations

5.2 Local governments never control a large share of public resources.

6.1 Urbanization is closely associated with economic growth.

Notes:

"This report has been prepared by a team led by Shahid Yusuf"--P. iv.

"World Bank 2000"--Cover.

Accompanied by: Entering the 21st century summary. iv, 11 p. : ill. ; 27 cm. 2000.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 190-211) and index.

ISBN:

1-280-37339-3

9786610373390

0-585-22736-5

Publisher Number:

10.1596/0-1952-1124-3