Bilingualism through schooling : cross cultural education for minority and majority students / Arnulfo G. Ramirez.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Ramirez, Arnulfo G., 1943-

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Education, Bilingual--United States.

Education, Bilingual.

English language--Study and teaching (Elementary)--Foreign speakers.

English language.

English language--Study and teaching--Bilingual method.

Children of minorities--Education--United States.

Children of minorities.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xiii, 166 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Albany : State University of New York Press, c1985.

Summary:

Bilingualism Through Schooling is a comprehensive survey of bilingual education. It shows how bilingual schooling can have a double impact by providing students with functional second-language competence, and also contributing to their deeper understanding of culture and history. Concerned with both ethnolinguistic minority children and majority, English-speaking pupils, the book approaches bilingualism from a variety of perspectives--linguistic, psychological, and socio-cultural. Among the many topics discussed are: goals and consequences of bilingualism, sociolinguistic contexts, language attitudes, and proficiency assessment. Ramirez explores the various types of programs and techniques used to facilitate second-language acquisition and also provides guidelines for the preparation and certification of bilingual instructors. Bibliographies are included. Arnulfo G. Ramirez is Associate Professor of Language Education at the State University of New York at Albany.

Contents:

Contents

Preface

Acknowledgments

1. Linguistic Diversity and Bilingual Education

Introduction

Multilingualism

Language-Nation Typologies

Societal Bilingualism

Language Diversity in the United States

Language Maintenance and Language Shift

Linguistic Assimilation

International Dimensions of Bilingual Education

Bilingual Education Goals

Bilingual Education and Global Perspectives

Summary

Suggested Readings

2. Types of Bilingual Education Programs

Bilingual Education and National Language Goals

Bilingual Education Models

Bilingual Instructional Models

Compensatory Versus Enrichment Bilingual Programs

Bilingual Education and English as a Second Language (ESL) Program Designs

Second Language Immersion Instructional Models

Suggested Reading

3. Assessment of Bilingual Proficiency

Conceptions of Bilingual Proficiency

Language Dominance

Areas of Language Assessment

Tests of Language Skills

Linguistic Competence Tests

Communicative Competence Perspectives

Measures of Communicative Competence

Communicative Competence Tests

4. Development of Bilingual Proficiency

Language Learning in Interethnic Contexts

Individual Bilingualism and Learning Contexts

Simultaneous Bilingual Acquisition

Sequential Bilingual Acquisition

Childhood Bilingualism and Code Switching

Bilingualism Through Schooling

5. Development of Oral Proficiency in English as a Second Language

Models of Second Language Learning

Learning ESL in Bilingual Schools

Types of English Language Proficiency

Bilingual Program Models and Oral English Skills

Individual Differences and Oral English Skills

Suggested Readings.

6. Development of Literacy Skills in ESL

Concepts of Literacy

Literacy and Bilingual Schooling

Bilingual Reading Approaches

Reading Processes in the Second Language

Differences in Writing Abilities

Bilingualism and the Writing Process

7. Attitudes Toward Language and Cultural Groups

Language Attitudes and Classroom Language

Language Attitudes of Teachers

Language Attitudes and the Learner

Language Attitudes and Ethnolinguistic Groups

Language Attitudes, Cultural Stereotypes, and Bilingual Schooling

Teachers' Attitudes Toward Language Varieties

8. Teaching the First and Second Languages

Developments in Language Teaching

English as a Second Language (ESL) Instruction

Primary Language Instruction

Effective Teaching Strategies

Teacher-Centered Language Learning Activities

Student-Centered Language Learning Activities

Teacher Characteristics and Language Teaching

9. Discourse Processes in Bilingual Classrooms

Language in the Classroom

Instructional Approaches and Linguistic Demands

Language in Bilingual Classrooms

Teacher-Directed Lessons

Code Switching in the Classroom

Effects of Group Structures

Effective Instructional Features

10. Immersion Education Approaches

Immersion Education and Additive Bilingualism

Canadian Immersion Programs

Culver City Spanish Immersion Project

Plattsburgh French Immersion Program

11. Cognitive and Academic Aspects of Bilingualism

Pre-1960 Studies on Bilingualism

Cognitive Differences between Monolinguals and Bilinguals.

Levels of Bilingualism and Cognitive Performance

12. Bilingual Education and Language Policy

Research in Bilingual Education

Subtractive and Additive Forms of Bilingualism

Bilingual Schooling and Legislation

Bilingual Education and a National Language Policy

Bilingual Schooling and Educational Principles

Appendixes

Appendix A. The Language of the Spanish/English Bilingual

Appendix B. 1981 State Bilingual Education Legislation

Appendix C: New York State Aid for Limited English Proficient Pupils

Appendix D: Immersion and Partial Immersion Language Programs in U.S. Elementary Schools, January 1981

Appendix E. Highlights of Bilingual Programs

Appendix F. Students' Opinions of Bilingual Education

Appendix G. Guidelines for the Preparation and Certification of Teachers of Bilingual-Bicultural Education

References

Indexes

Subject Index

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

I

L

M

N

P

R

S

T

W

Author Index

H

J

K

O

Q

U

V

Y

Z.

Notes:

Includes bibliography and index.

ISBN:

1-4384-1682-2

0-585-06043-6

OCLC:

70773076