Crime : causes, types and victims / Alicia E. Hasselm, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Hasselm, Alicia E.

Series:

Law, crime and law enforcement.

Law, crime and law enforcement

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Crime.

Victims of crimes.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (244 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Hauppauge, N.Y. : Nova Science Publishers, c2011.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Crime is the breach of rules or laws for which some governing authority can ultimately prescribe a conviction. Individual human societies may each define crime and crimes differently. Crime has been constant in the history of mankind and is a pervasive phenomenon affecting all societies. This book presents current research in the study of crime including such topics as the role of police deception in interrogation and juror's perceptions of these techniques; the link between personal victimization and fear of crime; police effectiveness and crime rates; and juvenile offenders tried in adult criminal court.

Contents:

Intro

False Confessions: The Role of Police Deception in Interrogation and Jurors' Perceptions of the Techniques and Their Outcomes

Abstract

Introduction

False Confessions

Historic Case Studies

Types of False Confessions

Voluntary False Confession

Compliant False Confession

Internalized False Confession

The Costs of False Confessions

Primary Costs of False Confessions

Secondary Costs of False Confessions

False Confession Cases

Estimates of Frequency

False Confession Studies

Experimental Studies

Meta-Analysis

Police Deception during Interrogation: Ethical and Legal Questions

Forms of Police Deception in Interrogation

Ethical Questions

Legal Questions

The Roles of Jurors in the Study of Interrogations

Jurors' Responsibilities and "Harmless Errors"

Jurors' Perceptions of Confessions

Jurors' Perceptions of and Decisions about Confession Evidence

The Expert Witness

Bluffs

Ploy Complexity

Additive Ploys

Attorneys and Voir Dire

Conclusions

Future Work

Lies of Omission

Minimization

Recommendations

Closing

Footnotes

References

Criminals and Warriors: The Use of Criminals for the Purpose of War- The Serbian Paramilitary Units

See You in the Obituary

Heroes of the Nation

The Sons of the Service

The Patriotic Outlaws

Conclusion

The Linking Mechanisms between Personal Victimization and Fear of Crime: Testing a Theory of Psychological Incapacitation

1. The Victimization Thesis and Its Empirical Foundations

2. A Cognitively Based Victimization-Fear Theory

3. Method

3.1. Database

3.2. Measuring Instruments

3.3. Analytic Strategy

4. Results

Conclusions.

Appendix 1. Correlations of Victimisation with Crime-Specific Risk Appraisal and Consequence Expectations (Product Moment Correlation Coefficients)

Appendix 2: Correlations of Fear of Crime with Crime-Specific Risk Appraisal and Consequence Expectations (Product Moment Correlation Coefficients)

Appendix 3. Results of Multiple Regression Analyses of Fear of Crime on Crime-Specific Risk Appraisal and Consequence Expectations (Standardized Regression Coefficients)

Learning from Crime: The Case of the 'Tláhuac' Lynching

Lynching

Crime in Mexico

Lyinching Incidents in Mexico

Lynching Incidents before the 'Tláhuac' Case

1999

August 15

October 18

November 2

December 18

December 29

2000

August 14

September 30

October 20

October 23

November 12

December 5

2001

March 26

March 27

July 26

August 13

October 29

November 7

December 17

2002

January 6

January 19

April 23

June 1

December 6

2003

January 2

January 13

June 6

July 24

September 9

October 31

2004

February 9

March 3

March 8

August 6

September 29

November 11

The 'Tláhuac' Lynching Incident

FPSS (Federal Public Security Secretary)

MCPSS (Mexico City Public Security Secretary)

LPP (Local Preventive Police)

November 12, 2004

November 23, 2004

17:55-18:10

18:25-18:30

18:50

19:13-19:15

19:30

19:55

20:05

20:19

20:38

21:40

23:50

November 24 2004

The Analysis

The MORT

Causal Factors Identified by the Analysis

Why the Police Officers Were not Rescued in Time? What Went Wrong?

Branch SB3-"Barriers and Controls LTA (Less Than Adequate)"

Lessons Learned

Acknowledgments

References.

The Relationship between Police Effectiveness and Crime Rates

1. Introduction

2. Effectiveness and Efficiency of Police Activity

3. Factors behind Criminality Rates

3.1. Economic Factors

3.2. Social-Demographic Factors

4. Methodology

4.1. Aims and Scope

4.2. Variables

4.3. Statistical Techniques

5. Results

6. Discussion of Findings

An Exploration of Child Exploitation in a Juror Simulation Study

Victim Race

Perceptions of Child Victims as a Function of Race

Victim Gender

Victim Age

The Current Study

Method

Participants

Design

Materials

Procedure

Results

Preliminary Analyses

Continuous Verdict

Continuous Verdict Confidence

Victim Credibility

Defendant Credibility

Discussion

Limitations

Jurors' Perceptions of Juvenile Offenders Tried in Adult Criminal Court

Juvenile Offender Characteristics

Race/Ethnicity

Socioeconomic Status

Age

Abuse History

Gender

Intellectual Disability

Tendency to Falsely Confess

Juror Factors

Juror Gender

Jurors' Stereotypes about Juvenile Offenders

Courtroom and Trial Factors: Attorneys' Tactics and Jury Deliberation

Attorneys' Tactics: Empathy Induction and Stereotype Activation

Jury Deliberation

Conclusions and Future Directions

Effects of Feedback on Self-Assessed and Actual Abilities to Tell Lies

Self-Assessed Abilities to Tell and Detect Lies and Truths

Effects of Feedback on Self-Assessed Lying Abilities and Actual Lie Telling Performance

The Experimental Design

Predicted and Actual Performance in Lie-Telling

Conclusion.

References

From Victim to Perpetrator: The Impact of Community Violence

The Cycle of Violence

Existing Evidence

Violence in Conflict Societies

Capillary Electrophoretic Microdevice for Highly Sensitive Short Tandem Repeat Genotyping

2. Energy Transfer Fluorescence Label

3. Microfabricated Capillary Arry Electrophoresis

4. Energy Transfer Dye Labeled STR Typing on a (CAE

5. Sample-Stacking Capillary Electrophoresis

6. Sample-Stacking CE for Sensitive Mini Y STR Typing

The Macro Economics of Illegal Activity

1. Background

2. Transmission Mechanisms

3. Network Economy and Illegal Activity

4. The Economic Literature

5. A Theoretical Model

Implications of X Chromosome Markers in Forensic Genetics

1. Main Field of the X-Chromosome

2. ChrX Short Tandem Repeats PCR Methodology

3. Population Data

4. Challenging Anomalies

5. Deficiency Paternity Case Report

Final Remarks

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Blank Page.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher.

ISBN:

1-61761-087-9

OCLC:

836848759